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Objectives: Lymphomas represent around 10% of head and neck neoplasms, among which the diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common histologic subtype. In the present study, we characterized demographic parameters, anatomical sites, and survival rates of patients in a Brazilian cancer center. Materials and methods: Single‐center retrospective epidemiological study of 243 head and neck DLBCL patients. Demographic characteristics, tumor localization, HIV status, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and treatment modality were obtained from electronic medical records. Results: The most common primary head and neck tumor location in patients with DLBCL was Waldeyer's ring. Interestingly, age above 80 years, male gender, high LDH levels, and HIV positivity were significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS) rates and increased risk of death. We further demonstrated that treatment had a protective effect, improving OS, and reducing risk of death. Notably, we found no benefit of combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy versus isolated treatment modalities. Conclusion: The study showed that primary head and neck DLBCL is more incident in middle age and elderly patients with a small male patients' majority in a Brazilian population. Moreover, we observed a 3‐year OS rate of almost 60% and multivariate analysis showed that treatment was the only protective factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile and the specific survival of patients diagnosed with tongue squamous cell carcinoma at the National Cancer Institute (INCA). Materials and methods: Hospital Cancer Registry System Data and Mortality Information from 2007 to 2009 were retrieved in a retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Specific survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. The association between independent variables and the risk of death was explored in a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: A total of 346 patients were eligible, mostly male (77.5%), smokers (87.6%), with alcohol consumption (80.9%), with low education (65.6%), advanced staging at the time of diagnosis (71.1%), and presenting a high mortality rate (72.5%). In total, 44.5% of patients underwent a surgical approach alone or associated with another treatment modality, of which 85.1% of patients underwent neck dissection and 90.1% had free surgical margins. Specific survival was 40.6% in two years and 31.2% in five years. Conclusion: The 5‐year specific survival was considered worse in individuals over 60 years, and who did not undergo surgical treatment or had surgery associated with another treatment, compared to patients undergoing isolated surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on analyzing the epidemiological trends of MSGC in Brazil. Topics include workers in the rubber industry, and exposed to nickel or silica powder compounds; and high prevalence of uncommon morphologies squamous cell carcinoma, carcinoma, NOS, adenocarcinoma, and NOS and low prevalence of otherwise common MSGC.

Objectives This study aimed to analyze cognitive impairment associated with long-term coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome and its correlation with anxiety, depression, and fatigue in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 127 patients with COVID-19. Tests to screen for neuropsychiatric symptoms included the Fatigue Severity Scale, Mini-Mental State Exam 2 (MMSE-2), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results In cognitive tests, SDMT was abnormal in 22%, being more sensitive than MMSE-2 to detect cognitive changes. Furthermore, although manifestations such as fatigue, depression, and anxiety were frequent in the post-COVID-19 phase, these 3 conditions, known to contribute to cognitive impairment, were slightly correlated with worse performance on the rapid screening tests. Conclusions In patients with mild COVID-19 and cognitive complaints, SDMT helped to confirm disturbances in the attention domain and processing speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In Brazil, 5870 new cases of malignant central nervous system tumors (MCNST) were estimated for men and 5220 for women for each year of the 2020–2022 triennium. The objective of this study was to analyze incidence rate trends and compare demographic characteristics of new MCNST cases according to tumor topographies in Brazil from 2000 to 2015. Methods This study comprises an analytical cross-sectional assessment of secondary databases extracted from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) website. Data comprised new neoplasm cases of meninges (C70), brain (C71), spinal cord, cranial nerves, and other central nervous system parts (C72) retrieved from 23 population-based cancer registries. A descriptive analysis was performed. Crude and age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated. Linear trends were calculated using a linear least squares regression for adjusted incidence rates versus time. Results A total of 24 986 new MCNST cases were recorded. The main topography was the brain (91.5%). Except for meninges tumors, where 62.4% of the cases were observed in women, MCNST cases were more frequent among men concerning the other evaluated topographies. All 3 topographies occurred predominantly in adult patients aged from 40- to 64-year-old. Between 2000 and 2015, incidence rates ranged from 5.12 to 4.95 (a 1.4% increase of per year; 95% CI −4.0 to 6.8; P =.584) in men and from 4.35 to 3.61 (a 3.1% increase per year; 95% CI −1.7 to 8.0; P =.189). Conclusions The most frequent topography was the brain. Incidence rates of MCNST remained relatively stable over time in both sexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJETIVO: Estudar os descritores clínico-epidemiológicos da mortalidade em pacientes internados por condições clínicas associadas à infecção pelo HIV. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo de todos os pacientes adultos hospitalizados em 1990, 1992 e 1994 em hospital universitário. Os resultados foram descritos como números absolutos, percentagens e médias, sendo a significância estatística entre as diferenças avaliada pelos testes do qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher ou t de Student, conforme o caso. Um modelo de regressão logística foi elaborado visando a identificar os principais fatores associados ao risco de evolução para o óbito. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 240 pacientes. Entre 1990 e 1994 a idade média dos pacientes aumentou de 35,0 para 36,9 anos, a razão entre os sexos masculino e feminino caiu de 9,8 para 2,0, a proporção de não brancos cresceu de 18,5 para 41,3 e registrou-se um aumento do tempo médio entre a descoberta da infecção pelo HIV e a hospitalização de 0,7 para 2,5 anos. Observou-se a redução do número médio de dias de hospitalização de 31,3 para 25,3 e aumento da proporção de pacientes em acompanhamento ambulatorial de 47,8 para 83,3%. As infecções respiratórias representaram a principal causa de hospitalização (58%) e as infecções oportunistas apresentadas com maior freqüência foram: candidíase oral (27,1%), tuberculose (18,3%), pneumonia por Pneumocystis carinii (15,4%) e neurotoxoplasmose (10,4%). Na análise multivariada, apenas o tempo de hospitalização menor ou igual a 7 dias (Odds Ratio [OR]=3,88; p=0,02) e a ausência de acompanhamento ambulatorial (OR=3,29; p=0,01) mostraram-se associados a um maior risco de evolução para óbito. CONCLUSÃO: O conhecimento dos fatores associados a um risco aumentado de morte pode ser útil na tomada de decisão frente a pacientes hospitalizados com infecção pelo HIV.