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Detecting Ganoderma boninense in Indonesia is crucial for effectively controlling and mitigating the spread of basal stem disease in oil palm fields. While there is ongoing development of tolerant plants, no such plant has been successfully created yet. Consequently, researchers are actively studying detection methods for Ganoderma boninense. One established and highly accurate approach is the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques for molecular detection. However, this method requires time‐consuming sample preparation, which can pose challenges in plantation settings. To address this problem, a portable lab‐on‐chip device has been introduced. This technology enables easy and automatic DNA retrieval from liquid samples by absorbing lysed DNA using magnetic beads. An efficient mechanism for manipulating the magnetic bead within the semiconductor has been successfully implemented. The extraction process typically takes around 15 minutes using a modified methodology on the chip device approach. The chip facilitates the retrieval of two samples with a capacity of 120 µL for each sample. The PCR method was utilized to validate the equivalence of the lab‐on‐chip device extraction to the standard extraction method. This represents a promising alternative for expedited and simplified detection of Ganoderma boninense in field conditions.

Yoko Tanino,1,2,* Keisuke Nishioka,1,* Chie Yamamoto,2,* Yohei Watanabe,1,3 Tomo Daidoji,1,4 Masataka Kawamoto,5 Sayaka Uda,6 Shoko Kirito,1 Yuta Nakagawa,2 Yu Kasamatsu,2 Yoshiyuki Kawahara,7 Yuri Sakai,7 Shuji Nobori,8 Tohru Inaba,2 Bon Ota,9 Naohisa Fujita,7 Atsushi Hoshino,10 Yoko Nukui,2 Takaaki Nakaya1 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; 2Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; 3JST, MIRAI, Tokyo, Japan; 4School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan; 5Department of Forensics Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; 6Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; 7Kyoto Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, Kyoto, Japan; 8Department of Organ Transplantation and General Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; 9Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; 10Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Takaaki Nakaya; Yohei Watanabe, Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan, Tel +81-75-251-5325, Fax +81-75-251-5328, Email tnakaya@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp; nabe@koto.kpu-m.ac.jpIntroduction: Various therapeutic agents are being developed for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, it is crucial to accumulate information regarding the features of drug-resistant viruses to these antiviral drugs.Methods: We investigated the emergence of dual-drug resistance in a kidney transplant recipient who received sotrovimab (from day 0) and remdesivir (RDV) (from day 8 to day 17). We sequenced the whole viral genomes from nasopharyngeal swabs taken on day 0 and seven points after starting treatment (on days 12, 19, 23, 37, 43, 48, and 58). The genetic traits of the wild-type (day 0) and descendant viruses (after day 12) were determined by comparing the genomes with those of a Wuhan strain and the day 0 wild-type strain, respectively. Three viral isolates (from samples collected on days 0, 23, and 37) were investigated for their escape ability and growth kinetics in vitro.Results: The sotrovimab resistant mutation (S:E340K) and the RDV resistant mutation RdRp:V792I (nt: G15814A) emerged within 12 days (day 12) and 11 days (day 19) after the treatment, respectively. The day 23 isolate harboring S:E340K/RdRp:V791I was resistant to both sotrovimab and RDV, showing 364- and 2.73-fold higher resistance respectively, compared with the wild-type. Moreover, compared with the day 23 isolate, the day 37 isolate accumulated multiple additional mutations and had a higher level of resistance to both drugs.Conclusion: Drug-resistant variants with double mutations (S:E340K/RdRp:V791I) became dominant within 23 days after starting treatment, suggesting that even a combination therapy involving sotrovimab and RDV, dual-drug resistant viruses may emerge rapidly in immunocompromised patients. The dual-resistant variants had lower virus yields than those of the wild-type virus in vitro, suggesting that they paid a fitness cost.Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, sotrovimab, remdesivir, drug resistance, immunosuppression therapy

Energy storage (ES) units are vital for the reliable and economical operation of the power system with a high penetration of renewable distributed generators (DGs). Due to ES’s high investment costs and long payback period, energy management with shared ESs becomes a suitable choice for the demand side. This work investigates the sharing mechanism of ES units for low-voltage (LV) energy prosumer (EP) communities, in which energy interactions of multiple styles among the EPs are enabled, and the aggregated ES dispatch center (AESDC) is established as a special energy service provider to facilitate the scheduling and marketing mechanism. A shared ES operation framework considering multiple EP communities is established, in which both the energy scheduling and cost allocation methods are studied. Then a shared ES model and energy marketing scheme for multiple communities based on the leader–follower game is proposed. The Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) condition is used to transform the double-layer model into a single-layer model, and then the large M method and PSO-HS algorithm are used to solve it, which improves convergence features in both speed and performance. On this basis, a cost allocation strategy based on the Owen value method is proposed to resolve the issues of benefit distribution fairness and user privacy under current situations. A case study simulation is carried out, and the results show that, with the ES scheduling strategy shared by multiple renewable communities in the leader–follower game, the energy cost is reduced significantly, and all communities acquire benefits from shared ES operators and aggregated ES dispatch centers, which verifies the advantageous and economical features of the proposed framework and strategy. With the cost allocation strategy based on the Owen value method, the distribution results are rational and equitable both for the groups and individuals among the multiple EP communities. Comparing it with other algorithms, the presented PSO-HS algorithm demonstrates better features in computing speed and convergence. Therefore, the proposed mechanism can be implemented in multiple scenarios on the demand side.

The herpesvirus Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (herpes B virus, or B virus) is ubiquitous in macaque monkeys. Although macaque monkeys do not usually show symptoms when infected with B virus, humans [...]

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a strain of Escherichia coli known for causing foodborne illness through the consumption of contaminated or raw food. To detect this pathogen, a conductometric immunosensor was developed using a conductometric sensing approach. The sensor was constructed on an interdigitated electrode and modified with a monoclonal anti-Escherichia coli O157:H7 aptamer. A total of 200 electrode pairs were fabricated and modified to bind to the target molecule replica. The binding replica, acting as the bio-recognizer, was linked to the electrode surface using 3-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane. The sensor exhibited excellent performance, detecting Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a short time frame and demonstrating a wide detection range of 1 fM to 1 nM. Concentrations of Escherichia coli O157:H7 were detected within this range, with a minimum detection limit of 1 fM. This innovative sensor offers simplicity, speed, high sensitivity, selectivity, and the potential for rapid sample processing. The potential of this proposed biosensor is particularly beneficial in applications such as drug screening, environmental monitoring, and disease diagnosis, where real-time information on biomolecular interactions is crucial for timely decision-making and where cross-reactivity or interference may compromise the accuracy of the analysis.

This research discusses the biography of the pure lady Fatimah al-Zahra (peace be upon her) through the book “Tadhkirat al-Khawas min al-Ummah bi Dhikr Khasa’is al-A’immah” by its author Sibṭ ibn al-Jawzi. The study briefly touches upon the life of the author, then delves into the birth of Lady Fatimah (peace be upon her), her names, titles, blessed marriage, pure offspring, inheritance, virtues, illness, and death. The research includes the text of the narrations, their documentation from other sources, and their authenticity. It also examines whether the author’s adherence to the Hanafi school of thought influenced his transmission of narrations that honor her. Additionally, it addresses the narrations that Sibṭ ibn al-Jawzi omitted.

In some development projects, finishing the work inside a restricted time is normal. This can never again be kept away from after the utilization of labor with is presently not equally. CPM (Critical Path Method) is a critical path the that intends to decide project arranging and time estimates that are deterministic/positive. Poin of investigation utilizing this method is to decide the time and cost of the undertaking and figure out what activities are remembered for the fundamental activities. Project arranging helps show the relationship of every development to various activities and normal assignments, recognizes which connections ought to come first among activities, and shows pragmatic time measures for each activity. Time control made no difference and the rescheduling results acquired for Development project the CPM (Critical Path Method) strategy were gotten in 300 days as per the underlying term of work.

Two human patients with Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 infection were identified in Japan in 2019. Both patients had worked at the same company, which had a macaque facility. The rhesus-genotype B virus genome was detected in cerebrospinal fluid samples from both patients.

Abstract Overexpression of antibody light chains in small plasma cell clones can lead to misfolding and aggregation. On the other hand, the formation of amyloid fibrils from antibody light chains is related to amyloidosis. Although aggregation of antibody light chain is an important issue, atomic-level structural examinations of antibody light chain aggregates are sparse. In this study, we present an antibody light chain that maintains an equilibrium between its monomeric and tetrameric states. According to data from X-ray crystallography, thermodynamic and kinetic measurements, as well as theoretical studies, this antibody light chain engages in 3D domain swapping within its variable region. Here, a pair of domain-swapped dimers creates a tetramer through hydrophobic interactions, facilitating the revelation of the domain-swapped structure. The negative cotton effect linked to the β-sheet structure, observed around 215 nm in the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of the tetrameric variable region, is more pronounced than that of the monomer. This suggests that the monomer contains less β-sheet structures and exhibits greater flexibility than the tetramer in solution. These findings not only clarify the domain-swapped structure of the antibody light chain but also contribute to controlling antibody quality and advancing the development of future molecular recognition agents and drugs.

Abstract Background Non-esophageal eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder (non-EoE-EGID) is a rare disease in which eosinophils infiltrate parts of the gastrointestinal tract other than the esophagus; however, the number of patients with non-EoE-EGID has been increasing in recent years. Owing to its chronic course with repeated relapses, it can lead to developmental delays due to malnutrition, especially in pediatric patients. No established treatment exists for non-EoE-EGID, necessitating long-term systemic corticosteroid administration. Although the efficacy of dupilumab, an anti-IL-4/13 receptor monoclonal antibody, for eosinophilic esophagitis, has been reported, only few reports have demonstrated its efficacy in non-EoE EGIDs. Case presentation A 13-year-old boy developed non-EoE-EGID with duodenal ulcers, with chicken eggs as the trigger. He was successfully treated with an egg-free diet, proton pump inhibitors, and leukotriene receptor antagonists. However, at age 15, he developed worsening upper abdominal pain and difficulty eating. Blood analysis revealed eosinophilia; elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate; and elevated levels of C-reactive protein, total immunoglobulin E, and thymic and activation-regulated chemokines. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a duodenal ulcer with marked mucosal eosinophilic infiltration. Gastrointestinal symptoms persisted even after starting systemic steroids, making it difficult to reduce the steroid dose. Subcutaneous injection of dupilumab was initiated because of comorbid atopic dermatitis exacerbation. After 3 months, the gastrointestinal symptoms disappeared, and after 5 months, the duodenal ulcer disappeared and the eosinophil count decreased in the mucosa. Six months later, systemic steroids were discontinued, and the duodenal ulcer remained recurrence-free. The egg challenge test result was negative; therefore, the egg-free diet was discontinued. Blood eosinophil count and serum IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin-3 levels decreased after dupilumab treatment. The serum levels of IL-5 and eotaxin-3 remained within normal ranges, although the blood eosinophil counts increased again after discontinuation of oral prednisolone. Conclusions Suppression of IL-4R/IL-13R-mediated signaling by dupilumab may improve abdominal symptoms and endoscopic and histologic findings in patients with non-EoE-EGID, leading to the discontinuation of systemic steroid administration and tolerance of causative foods.

With the increasing dimension of medical sciences, nursing care is becoming more and more complex with its management services. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of Nursing Service Operations in Maguindanao Provincial Hospital in terms of Emergency Room and In-patient services, the processes followed in terms of Triaging, Profiling, Admission, Treatment, and Discharging, and the patients’ status such as Admission to Ward and Discharge from Care. The study utilized a descriptive-evaluative method using a researcher-made survey questionnaire to 255 respondents comprising 107 hospital staff and 148 discharged patients. Data were analyzed using the weighted mean. Results revealed that Emergency Room (ER) and In-patient services were highly implemented. There was a very high implementation process for nursing services for triaging, profiling, treatment, and discharge, except for a high admission process. Also, the patient’s status regarding admission to the ward for emergency room services was high, while discharge from care for in-patient services was moderate. Regarding problems encountered, it was revealed that the MPH needed more staffed nurses, cultural health beliefs, language barriers, lack of continuous education, delayed salary, etc. Hence, the Maguindanao Provincial Hospital adhered to the guidelines in the DOH Administrative Order 2012-0012; however, certain provisions must be complied with to deliver emergency room and in-patient services effectively and efficiently.

Objective: Awake craniotomy (AWC) allows intraoperative evaluation of functions involving the cortical surface and subcortical fibers. In epilepsy surgery, indications for and the role of AWC have not been established because evaluation with intracranial electrodes is considered the gold standard. We report herein our case series of patients who underwent AWC in epilepsy surgery and propose the scenarios for and roles of AWC. Methods: Patients who underwent AWC in epilepsy surgery at our institutions between 2014 and 2023 were included. Information about age, sex, etiology, location of epileptogenicity, seizure type, use of intracranial electrode placement, surgical complications, neurological deficits, additional surgery, and seizure outcomes was reviewed. Following a diagnostic and treatment flow for epilepsy surgery, we clarified three different scenarios and roles for AWC. Results: Ten patients underwent AWC. Three patients underwent AWC after non-invasive evaluations. Two patients underwent AWC after intracranial evaluation with stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG). Five patients underwent AWC after intracranial evaluation with subdural grid electrodes (SDG). Among these, two patients were initially evaluated with SEEG and with SDG thereafter. One patient reported slight numbness in the hand, and one patient showed slight cognitive decline. Seizure outcomes according to the Engel outcome scale were class 1A in three patients, IIA in two patients, IIIA in four patients, and IVA in one patient. Conclusions: AWC can be used for purposes of epilepsy surgery in different situations, either immediately after non-invasive studies or as an additional invasive step after invasive monitoring with either SEEG or SDG. The application of AWC should be individualized according to each patient’s specific characteristics.

A comprehensive analysis of cross-country skiing races is a pivotal step in establishing effective training objectives and tactical strategies. This study aimed to develop a method of classifying sub-techniques and analyzing skiing characteristics during cross-country skiing skating style timed races on snow using high-precision kinematic GNSS devices. The study involved attaching GNSS devices to the heads of two athletes during skating style timed races on cross-country ski courses. These devices provided precise positional data and recorded vertical and horizontal head movements and velocity over ground (VOG). Based on these data, sub-techniques were classified by defining waveform patterns for G2, G3, G4, and G6P (G6 with poling action). The validity of the classification was verified by comparing the GNSS data with video analysis, a process that yielded classification accuracies ranging from 95.0% to 98.8% for G2, G3, G4, and G6P. Notably, G4 emerged as the fastest technique, with sub-technique selection varying among skiers and being influenced by skiing velocity and course inclination. The study’s findings have practical implications for athletes and coaches as they demonstrate that high-precision kinematic GNSS devices can accurately classify sub-techniques and detect skiing characteristics during skating style cross-country skiing races, thereby providing valuable insights for training and strategy development.