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International audience; With the increasing image falsification due to the easy access and use of image manipulation tools, image authentication techniques have seen considerable interest in protecting multimedia documents integrity and authenticity, it has been demonstrated to be a very powerful solution for ensuring the security of multimedia documents. The aim of this paper is to present a Cholesky decomposition based scheme for strict image authentication. To ensure the requirement of strict authentication where no changes are tolerated to the host image, the Cholesky decomposition properties are used beside the use of cryptographic hash function and public key cryptosystem. For the purpose of reducing the authentication data size, the diagonal of the Cholesky decomposition matrix is used instead of using the entire matrix. The experimental results demonstrate that our technique is able to identify image tampering despite the minor modifications. In addition, the proposed scheme demonstrates its effectiveness in sensitive information systems. We review an application example in medical information security to ensure both integrity and authenticity. Our scheme can find a niche role in healthcare systems as an instrument for secure sharing and control of medical images.

International audience; This paper considers a supply chain management problem which integrates production, inventory, and distribution decisions. The supply chain is composed of one supplier production facility and several retailers located in a given geographic region. The supplier is responsible for the production and the replenishment of the inventory of retailers, in a vendor managed inventory (VMI) context. The distance between retailers is negligible compared to the distance between the supplier and the retailers’ region. Thus, for each vehicle, there is a major fixed cost for traveling to the cluster of retailers and a minor fixed cost for visiting each individual retailer. The problem consists of determining quantities to be produced, quantities to be delivered to retailers, vehicles to be used, and retailers to be serviced by each vehicle. This problem is an extension of the one warehouse multi-retailer problem with the consideration of production planning and storage and vehicle capacity limitations in addition to fixed vehicle utilization costs and retailer servicing costs. The objective is to minimize a total cost composed of production, transportation, and inventory holding costs at the supplier and at the retailers. Two mixed integer linear programming formulations are proposed and six families of valid inequalities are added to strengthen these formulations. Two of these families are new and the others are adapted from the literature. The numerical results show that the valid inequalities considerably improve the quality of the formulations. Moreover, the parameters that influence the most computational times are analyzed.

International audience; A quasi-two-dimensional solidification benchmark experiment with controlled thermal boundary conditions is proposed. The experiment consists in solidifying a rectangular ingot of Sn-3 wt.%Pb alloy using two lateral heat exchangers to extract the heat flux from one or two sides of the sample. The temperature difference between the two sides of the heat exchangers may vary from 0 to 40 K and the cooling rate from 0.02 to 0.04 K/s. This slow-cooling condition has been used to promote segregation formation. An array of fifty thermocouples placed on the corresponding sample walls is used to determine the instantaneous temperature distribution. During the solidification process, the temperature field is recorded versus time and analyzed. This makes it possible to estimate the change in temperature due to natural convection, the velocity field and the solidification macrostructure and segregation behavior. After each experiment, the segregation patterns are obtained by X-ray analysis and confirmed by eutectic fraction measurements. The local solute distribution is determined by means of induction coupled plasma analysis. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

La region des Aures reste l’une des zones les plus exposees au phenomene de l’erosion hydrique en Algerie, du fait de la forte agressivite climatique, du relief accidente, de la predominance des terrains sensibles et d’une couverture vegetale qui ne joue pas son role protecteur. Dans un souci de servir a la protection du milieu agricole et de l’infrastructure hydraulique a l’aval, avec notamment le barrage de Koudiat El Medouar, la presente etude a pour objectif principal la modelisation cartographique de l’alea erosion au niveau du bassin versant de l’oued Chemoura, bassin representatif des Aures. Le modele fait appel a un systeme d’information geographique (SIG); il integre quatre facteurs controlant l’erosion : la friabilite des materiaux, la declivite, l’erosivite des pluies et l’occupation des sols. Le resultat est une carte synthetique de l’alea erosion des sols qui localise les zones les plus menacees et prioritaires pour d’eventuelles interventions d’amenagement. Une etude statistique sur la relation debit solide-debit liquide a ete elaboree. Pour cela, des mesures effectuees sur la periode 1969-1994 au niveau de la station de Chemoura ont ete exploitees. Les resultats ont permis de mettre en evidence une degradation specifique importante variant entre 50 et 1 360 t/km 2 et par an.

International audience; We propose a new framework for the (length,reliability) bicriteria static multiprocessor scheduling problem. Our first criterion remains the schedule's length, crucial to assess the system's real-time property. For our second criterion, we consider the global system failure rate, seen as if the whole system were a single task scheduled onto a single processor, instead of the usual reliability, because it does not depend on the schedule length like the reliability does (due to its computation in the classical exponential distribution model). Therefore, we control better the replication factor of each individual task of the dependency task graph given as a specification, with respect to the desired failure rate. To solve this bicriteria optimization problem, we take the failure rate as a constraint, and we minimize the schedule length. We are thus able to produce, for a given dependency task graph and multiprocessor architecture, a Pareto curve of non-dominated solutions, among which the user can choose the compromise that fits his requirements best. Compared to the other bicriteria (length,reliability) scheduling algorithms found in the literature, the algorithm we present here is the first able to improve significantly the reliability, by several orders of magnitude, making it suitable to safety critical systems.

International audience; Fires have been a part of our society both in term of controlled fires, or combustion, for heating purposes and uncontrolled accidental fires. Accidental fires cause a substantial amount of damage both economically and in terms of human lives. However, we need to better understand the relationship between these phenomena, and develop scientifically sound tools for identification of the hazard, the assessment of risk, and the implementation of fire prevention and protection measures. Such work is just beginning within ISO/TC92/SC3 under its mandate to consider not just the local effect of fire effluent on people but also its effect on the environment. A very limited number of papers have focussed on the environmental issues of fires consequently the environmental impact of fires has only recently come under scrutiny. It is, therefore, important to find a method which includes all the impacts of fires. Recently a novel LCA model, the so-called Fire-LCA model, was developed where the environmental effect of fires was incorporated into the overall treatment of the environmental impact of the product under study. The Fire-LCA model is essentially equivalent to a traditional LCA approach with the inclusion of emissions from fires as the most important modification. This model will therefore include modules to describe the fire behavior for the different types of fires. This paper presents an application of the Fire-LCA model to a refinery which is a system with a high level of fire safety.

International audience; In this paper, we describe the improvement of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) profile analysis by a new approach based on partial deconvolution combined with scale-frequency shrinkage. The SIMS profiles are obtained by analysis of the delta layers of boron doped silicon in a silicon matrix, analyzed using Cameca-Ims6f at oblique incidence. These profiles can be approximated closely by exponential-like tail distributions with decay length, which characterizes the collisional mixing effect. The partial deconvolution removes the residual ion mixing effect. The contributions of high-frequency noise are removed by shrinkage to a great extent of the profiles. It is shown that this approach leads to a marked improvement in depth resolution without producing artifacts and aberrations caused principally by noise. Furthermore, it is shown that the asymmetry of the delta layers, caused by the collisional mixing effect, is completely removed, the decay length is decreased by a factor of 4 compared with that before deconvolution.

This paper proposes an advanced energy management strategy for a stand-alone hybrid energy system. The considered hybrid system includes a photovoltaic panel, a fuel cell, an electrolyzer, a battery bank and a supercapacitor. The proposed power management system aims to control the energy flow within the system and decides the amount of the load power shared with each power source. The system control is implemented in two parts: a central power flow controller that provides overall control of the power system and a local loads controller, which controls the different loads according to the energy balance of the system. The hybrid power system has been tested by simulation using models implemented in Matlab/Simulink software. The simulation is performed over a short and a long period of time in order to evaluate the performance of the dynamic controllers and the effectiveness of the management strategy. For a long simulation period, a house located in the province of Batna ( 35 ° 33 ′ N 6 ° 10 ′ E) has been taken as a case study with a deep study on real load profile for an average house with all required weather data with respect to the location. The simulation results confirm the efficiency of the proposed control strategy, as it increases the reliability of the system and improves its energy balance.

International audience; Cell surface glycoconjugates present alterations of their structures in chronic diseases and distinct oligosaccharide epitopes have been associated with cancer. Among them, truncated glycans present terminal non-reducing β-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues that are rare on healthy tissues. Lectins from unconventional sources such as fungi or algi provide novel markers that bind specifically to such epitopes, but their availability may be challenging. A GlcNAc-binding lectin from the fruiting body of the fungus Psathyrella velutina (PVL) has been produced in good yield in bacterial culture. A strong specificity for terminal GlcNAc residues was evidenced by glycan array. Affinity values obtained by microcalorime-try and surface plasmon resonance demonstrated a micromolar affinity for GlcNAcβ1-3Gal epitopes and for biantennary N-glycans with GlcNAcβ1-2Man capped branches. Crystal structure of PVL complexed with GlcNAcβ1-3Gal established the structural basis of the specificity. Labeling of several types of cancer cells and use of inhibitors of glycan metabolism indicated that rPVL binds to terminal GlcNAc but also to sialic acid (Neu5Ac). Analysis of glycosyltransferase expression confirmed the higher amount of GlcNAc present on cancer cells. rPVL binding is specific to cancer tissue and weak or no labeling is observed for healthy ones, except for stomach glands that present unique αGlcNAc-presenting mucins. In lung, breast and colon carcinomas, a clear delineation could be observed between cancer regions and surrounding healthy tissues. PVL is therefore a useful tool for labeling aga-lacto-glycans in cancer or other diseases.

International audience; This paper created a new research space in the faults modeling and detection area of the industrial systems, especially photovoltaic generators. It reserved for modeling and detection the hybrid defects, like the presence of cells open- and short-circuit within the same photovoltaic cells group.For a small investment, the new algorithm created a new platform. It exposed a display screen of the database, which presented the power of the PV module production in each period. The display screen allows real-time monitoring of the PV module production throughout the year, and detecting its anomalies.

Part 13: Security and Network Technologies: Energy and Synchronisation; International audience; In this article, we propose an approach to build fault-tolerant distributed real-time embedded systems. From a given system description and a given fault hypothesis, we generate automatically a fault tolerant distributed schedule that achieves low energy consumption and high reliability efficiency. Our scheduling algorithm is dedicated to multi-bus heterogeneous architectures with multiple processors linked by several shared buses, which take as input a given system description and a given fault hypothesis. It is based on active redundancy to mask a fixed number L of processor failures supported in the system, and passive redundancy based on variable data fragmentation to tolerate N buses failures. In order to maximize the systems reliability, the replicas of each operation are scheduled on different reliable processors and the size of each fragmented data depends on GSFR and the bus failure rates. Finally, we show with an example that our approach can maximize reliability and reduce energy consumption when using active redundancy.

International audience; La mauvaise qualité d'un produit alimentaire peut avoir de plus ou moins grandes conséquences, allant de la simple altération du produit, lui faisant perdre ses qualités organoleptiques ou sa valeur commerciale, à des toxi-infections dangereuses pour la santé humaine. Les préoccupations essentielles ciblent la santé du consommateur et impliquent la nécessité de garantir en permanence la qualité et la salubrité du produit au moment de sa consommation. C'est dans ce contexte que nous proposons dans un premier temps une démarche basée sur les principes de la méthode HACCP, qui porte sur l'élaboration et la mise en place d'un système mettant l'accent sur la maîtrise des procédés le plus en amont possible dans toutes les étapes de la chaîne alimentaire; basé essentiellement sur l'identification, le contrôle et la surveillance des points critiques. Ce système est illustré par un cas d'étude concret, réalisé au sein de la laiterie Aurès Batna, Algérie, ligne de fabrication du yaourt étuvé conditionné en pots thermoformés de 125gr. Devant la nécessité de démontrer son aptitude à fournir régulièrement un produit conforme aux exigences des clients et aux exigences légales et réglementaires applicables, l'entreprise ‘Laiterie Aurès' s'est engagée dans une démarche de certification selon la norme « ISO 9001 ». Cependant, cette norme (ISO 9001) de management de la qualité ne traite pas spécifiquement la sécurité des aliments. C'est pourquoi, pour démontrer son aptitude à fournir aux consommateurs des produits sûrs, l'entreprise se trouve confronté à une autre exigence normative complémentaire « certification ISO 22000 ». C'est dans ce contexte que nous proposons un système de management plus global, basé sur la combinaison des prescriptions de l'ISO 9001 et les principes du système HACCP, et éviter ainsi à l'entreprise toutes les charges émanant d'une autre certification.

ان مسألة حالة التدهور و الاختلال الموجود داخل التجمعات السكانية و تقييم درجة هذا التدهور البليغ على مستوى الاطار المبني و التجمعات الخارجية داخل التجمعات السكانية لدى معظم مدن الصحراء حيث انه لم يفي بالاهتمام و الدراسة المطلوبة رغم ان هذا النوع من السكن يشكل غالبية المشهد الحضري .يطرح هذا البحث إلى إلقاء الضوء من خلال حي من التجمعات السكنية يقع داخل المنطقة السكنية الحضارية الجديدة في مدينة بسكرةZHUN.الهدف هو دراسة طبيعة العلاقات الاجتماعية في هذا الحي وقياس درجة الغفلية و عدم التعارف وأشكال التضامن الموجود بين قاطني هذا الحي .للإجابة على أسئلتنا أجري استبيانا على عينة من 250 ساكنا., La question des formes de dysfonctionnement et de malaises dans les ensembles d’habitat collectif et l’évaluation de leur intensité demeurent encore insuffisamment explorées, particulièrement dans les villes sahariennes alors que ce type d’habitat tend à devenir une forme importante du paysage urbain. Cette recherche se propose d’apporter un éclairage à travers le cas d’une cité d’habitat collectif située dans une Z.H.U.N à Biskra. L’objectif étant d’interroger la nature des relations sociales dans cette cité et de mesurer le degré d’anonymat et les formes de solidarité qui lient entre eux les habitants. Afin de répondre à notre questionnement, une enquête par questionnaire a été conduite auprès d’un échantillon de 250 habitants.

National audience

We consider a nonlocal reaction-diffusion equation with mass con- servation, which was originally proposed by Rubinstein and Sternberg as a model for phase separation in a binary mixture. We study the large time behavior of the solution and show that it converges to a stationary solution as t tends to infinity. We also evaluate the rate of convergence. In some special case, we show that the limit solution is constant.

In the context of the interacting boson model with $s$, $d$ and $g$ bosons, the conditions for obtaining an intrinsic shape with octahedral symmetry are derived for a general Hamiltonian with up to two-body interactions., Comment: 19 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics A

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compute flow effects of the transition from adherence-to-slip in two-dimensional flows, for a polymer melt obeying a memory-integral viscoelastic equation, in isothermal and non-isothermal cases. Design/methodology/approach – Temperature dependence is expressed by Arrhenius and William-Landel-Ferry models. A coupling approach is defined. For the dynamic equations, the Stream-Tube Method (STM) is used with finite differences in a mapped rectangular domain of the real domain, where streamlines are parallel and straight. STM avoids particle-tracking problems and allows simple formulae to evaluate stresses resulting from the constitutive equation. For the temperature field, a finite-element method is carried out to solve the energy equation in the real domain. Findings – The approach avoids numerical problems arising with classical formulations and proves to be robust and efficient. Large elasticity levels are attained without convergence and refinement difficulties that may arise close to the “stick-slip” transition section. The method highlights the role of temperature conditions and reveals interesting differences for the ducts considered. Practical implications – The results of the study are of interest for polymer processing where slip at the wall can be encountered, in relation with the physical properties of the materials. Originality/value – The paper presents a simple approach that limits considerably numerical problems coming from stick-slip boundary conditions and avoids particle-tracking. Results are obtained at flow rates encountered in industrial conditions.

International audience; Zinc (II) was immobilised directly onto clay, maghnite (M13), and after their amine functionalisation with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES). The APTES-functionalised maghnite (MS) showed higher zinc loading than only maghnite, indicating that the clay functionalisation enhanced the Zn(II) removal. The hydrophilic properties of the clay surface have been modified, but not turned into hydrophobic ones. The graft has indeed a polar amine group and the chain length is too short to present an important hydrophobic character. X-ray diffraction indicated that their original structure had been preserved. This new hybrid organic–inorganic material may be a good alternative for separation and pre-concentration of heavy metal ions. Both adsorbents were characterised by FTIR, XRD, TG and SEM. Both adsorbents showed maximum adsorption of the metal ions at pH 6.1 for Mag and pH 9 for MS. The adsorption processes followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The Langmuir model best fits the adsorption data.

International audience; – This paper deals with a new smart algorithm allowing open-circuit and reversed polarity faults prognosis in photovoltaic generators. Its contribution lies on the optimization of support vector regression (SVR) technique by a k-NN regression tool (k-NNR) for undetermined outputs. To testing the performance of the proposed algorithm, we used a significant data base containing the generator functioning history, and as indicators we selected variance, standard deviation, Confidence interval, absolute and relative errors. Nomenclature PV Photovoltaic SVM Support Vector Machines SVR Support Vector Regression k-NNR k-Nearest Neighbor Regression X SVR input vector Y SVR output vector f Linear function Ф Nonlinear mapping function w Weight vector e Squared loss function x Problem variable x * New problem variable α Lagrange multipliers N Number of classes m Number of index of minimum distances I / V Current / Voltage IPH Photocurrent

International audience; Enterococcus hirae is a zoonotic pathogen rarely isolated from human infections. This case is the first description of E. hirae causing urinary tract infection in a diabetic man with benign prostatic hyperplasia from Algeria. The clinical isolate was identified by MALDI-TOF MS and displayed a multisensitivity antibiotic profile.

National audience; Le puceron brun Pterochloroides persicae a été observé pour la premi ère fois sur pêcher (Prunus persica) en Alg érie (localit és de Batna et Arris ; Nord-est alg érien) en septembre 2013. Au cours du mois de d écembre de la même ann ée, d’autres colonies se sont installéees sur Prunus armeniaca, Salix pedicellata et Salix babylonica. Sur le même arbre et durant la journ ée, les colonies se d éplacent continuellement à la recherche des endroits les moins expos és au soleil.

International audience; An outbreak of equine influenza (EI) was reported in Algeria between May and July, 2011. The outbreak started in Tiaret, in west province of Algeria, and spread to the other parts of the country affecting almost 900 horses in many provinces. The population studied was composed of 325 horses from different groups of age. Clinical sign expression was age dependent. Indeed, a morbidity rate of 14.9% was observed in horses under 15months old and a rate of 4.95% in horses over 8years old. Interestingly, the morbidity rate raised sharply to reach 100% in horses aged between 18months and 7years. The virus (H3N8) was detected in nasopharyngeal swabs (n=11) from non-vaccinated horses using a qRT-PCR targeting a portion of the gene encoding the matrix protein (M). The virus isolates were identified as H3N8 by sequencing the haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes and were named from A/equine/Tiaret/1/2011 to A/equine/Tiaret/10/2011. Alignment of HA1 amino acid sequence confirmed that viruses belong to Clade 2 of the Florida sublineage in the American lineage. Moreover, they are closely related to A/equine/Yokohama/aq13/2010, A/equine/Eyragues/1/2010, A/equine/Bokel/2011 and A/equine/Lichtenfeld/2012. Our data indicate that this strain was also circulating in the European horse population in 2010, 2011 and 2012.

International audience; The UV absorption cross-sections of 2,3-pentanedione and 2,4-pentanedione were measured and their reactions with OH were investigated in the gas-phase using a relative rate method. A temperature dependence of the rate coefficients was observed for both reactions over the temperature range 298–338 K. This work provides the first UV cross-section in the gas phase for 2,4-pentanedione and the first kinetic data for the reaction of 2,3-pentanedione with OH radicals as a function of temperature. The tropospheric lifetimes obtained in this work suggest that once emitted into the atmosphere, these species could be quickly degraded close to their emission sources.

Farmers value autonomy in the management of their farm. Amongst organic farmers especially, autonomy is thought to contribute to the success of the farm. Wider integrated farming systems however oppose such autonomy by making farm management decisions remotely. One of the greatest threats to the success of meat sheep farms is the presence of parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes. This study questioned whether a greater level of farmer autonomy could be correlated to the better control of the gastrointestinal nematode infections and whether this could be associated with farmer specific health beliefs. Data was collected across 36 meat sheep farms with similar climatic variables but with different beliefs and attitudes to health care in farming. These farms fell within three groups: French organic, French conventional and Algerian conventional farms. Information regarding farmers' health beliefs and their level of autonomy in management was gathered using questionnaires to address autonomy in the following variables: agriculture production, husbandry, feed, therapeutics, commercialization, and farmers' education. The intensity of gastrointestinal nematode infections was also measured on each of these farms using faecal egg counts on composite sheep samples. Statistical and correlation analyses of autonomy variables to gastrointestinal nematode infection intensities were carried out. The results showed farmer autonomy was not associated with better gastrointestinal nematode control in any of the three groups of farms studied. Greater level of autonomy in husbandry and therapeutics specifically were associated with greater levels of infection. Farmers across the 36 farms studied were unanimously concerned about the threat gastrointestinal nematodes present to their flocks. Yet their current knowledge was clearly not sufficient to control infections irrespective of their health beliefs. This paper makes suggestions to facilitate communication with farmers and to improve the integration of gastrointestinal nematode control measures.

International audience; In this paper, a nonlinear feedback linearization approach and sliding mode controller are combined to generate the reference voltages for a matrix converter controlled by direct space vector modulation DSVM strategy fed induction motor in order to preserve the robustness with respect to desired dynamic behaviors for this drive system. The transfer function and the selection approach of the parameter for the input filter are also introduced. The simulation results of the robustness testing of the drive system have been carried out to validate the advantages of the proposed control system.

Les infestations des moutons par les nématodes gastrointestinaux constituent un problème majeur de santé. Leur impact clinique reste toujours mal évalué par les acteurs de l’élevage (éleveurs, vétérinaires et autres). Le contrôle de ces infestations est basé sur les connaissances techniques classiques qui sont modifiées par les contraintes au sein de chaque élevage. L’objectif de ce travail est d’explorer si l’infestation par les nématodes gastro-intestinaux des ovins est influencée par le niveau d’autonomie des éleveurs.

International audience; With more color images being widely used in the Internet, embedding color watermark image into color host image is one of the most challenging issues in robust image watermarking, it is usually termed as dual color image watermarking. Based on integer wavelet transform (IWT) and sub-sampling, this paper proposes a blind dual color image watermarking scheme, which is different from some existing works using the binary or gray-level image as watermark. Firstly, the color host image is subsampled into four sub-images and each sub-image is transformed via IWT to obtain four LL sub-bands, we can find that there is a strong correlation between the LL sub-bands coefficients, this property can be explored for embedding and extracting watermark in a blind way. Experimental results, show that the proposed color image scheme has stronger robustness against most common attacks such as image compression, cropping, noising and scaling etc.

International audience; — In this paper, we proposed a new mathematical model of a faulty photovoltaic generator operation. It presents its behavior, when it's subjected to the open-circuit and the short-circuit faults at its basic components as: cells, bypass diodes and blocking diodes. Such kind of modeling will allow developing fault detection and diagnosis methods. Indeed, the proposed model will be used to set normal and fault operation conditions database, which will facilitate learning and classifications phases. NOMENCLATURE PV = Photovoltaic Generator. phi = Photocurrent. V Cell_Open-circuit = Open-Circuit Voltage of Cell. I Cell_Short-circuit = Short-Circuit Current of Cell. I 0 = Reverse Saturation Current of the Diode. R S = Cell Series Resistance. R SH = Cell Shunt Resistance. nc: ncg / ncp = Cell Number: Good / Defective. ng: ngg / ngp = Group Number: Good / Defective. nm: nmg / nmp = Module Number: Good / Defective. ns: nsg / nsp = String Number: Good / Defective. nfg / nfp = Good / Defective Generator. N Cells = Cells Number in each Group. N Groups = Groups Number in each Module. N Modules = Modules Number in each String. N Strings = Strings Number in the Generator. V / I = Voltage / Current. P = Power. V Cell_imposed = Voltage Imposed. DTV = Diode Thermal Voltage. a = Diode Ideality Factor.

International audience; — In this paper, we proposed a new methodology that can improved and developed the faults detection and diagnosis methods of the photovoltaic generator, especially when it subjected to the impedance and reversed polarity defects. This proposed algorithm is based on the mathematical modeling of the IV characteristic, of the faulty photovoltaic generator hierarchies as: cell, cells group, module, string and the entire generator, when they submitted to one or more of: cells, bypass and blocking diodes in impedance and reversed polarity faults. This new methodology can facilitated the study of the faulty generator characteristics, and obtained a database for the learning phase and the classification of the new observations collected on the system during its operation. NOMENCLATURE I_phi = Photo-Current. N_Cells = Cells Number in Each Group. N_Groups = Groups Number in Each Module. N_Modules = Modules Number in Each String. N_Strings = Strings Number in the Generator. V_Cell_Imp = Cell Voltage Imposed. I_Cells = Cell Current. V_Cells = Cell Voltage. I_PV = Generator Current. V_PV = Generator Voltage. R_S = Cell Series Resistance. R_SH = Cell Shunt Resistance. I_S1 = Reverse Saturation Current of 1 st Diode. I_S2 = Reverse Saturation Current of 2 nd Diode. m1 = Ideality Factors of 1 st Diode. m2 = Ideality Factors of 2 nd Diode.

International audience; — In this paper, we proposed a new mathematical model of the I-V characteristic of a faulty photovoltaic generator. It presents its behavior in normal and faulty operations. In particular, when its basic components such as cells, bypass and blocking diodes are subjected to the impedance or reversed polarity faults. The developed model of the faulty PV generator will allow studying of the I-V characteristic, measures the tolerances of the technical functions, avoids numerous experiments, and ensure better assessment of fault consequences. NOMENCLATURE I ph = Photocurrent standard condition. I 0 = Reverse saturation current of the diode. Z = Electrical impedance R S = Cell series resistance. nc: ncg / ncp = Cell number: good / defective. ng: ngg / ngp = Group number: good / defective. nm: nmg / nmp = Module number: good / defective. ns: nsg / nsp = String number: good / defective. nfg / nfp = Good / defective generator. N Cells = Number of cells in each group. N Groups = Number of groups in each module. N Modules = Number of modules in each string. N Strings = Number of strings in each generator. V / I = Voltage / current. P = Power. I Bypass_Diode = Bypass diode current. V Cell_Imposed = Voltage imposed. a = Diode ideality factor. V t = Diode Thermal voltage.

International audience; This paper deals with a new algorithm allowing short-circuit and impedance faults smart diagnosis of PV generators. It is based on the use of the SVM technique for the classification of observations not located in its margin, otherwise the proposed algorithm is used a k-NN method. A PV generator database containing observations distributed over classes is used for testing the new algorithm performance, which shows therefore its contribution and its effectiveness in the diagnosis area. * Parameter j of new observation x *. I' Identity matrix. J Tuning parameter for error accepted. I Current. V Voltage. P Power. PH Photocurrent. I/V Cell Current / Voltage of PV cell. I/V Group Current / Voltage of PV group. I/V Module Current / Voltage of PV module. I/V String Current / Voltage of PV string. I Bypass_Diode Bypass diode current. R s series resistance. t Temperature.

National audience; L'objectif de cette étude est de comparer et de comprendre les spécificités des services fournis dans différentes structures de soins et de maintien à domicile en France, dans le canton de Genève en Suisse et sur la région Lombardie en Italie. Dans cet article nous présentons les résultats d'une étude de terrain sur les structures de maintien et de soins à domicile (pour tout public et en particulier la personne âgée) de ces trois pays européens, et nous proposons des pistes de recherche pour le cas français issues de nos observations.

International audience; This paper is keeping with the topic of two papers which treated dynamic reliability problems and were presented in previous conferences. Its aim is to confirm the potentialities of a method which combines the high modeling ability of the piecewise deterministic processes and the great computing power inherent to the Monte Carlo simulation. This method is now applied to a simplified but realistic offshore oil production system which is a hybrid system combining continuous-time and discrete-time dynamics. The results thus obtained have been compared with those given by an ad hoc Petri net model for comparison and validation purposes.

ICIEM'14 - Conférence internationale sur l'ingénierie industrielle et productique, BATNA, ALGERIE, 11-/05/2014 - 13/05/2014; Dans ce papier, nous nous sommes basés sur un modèle dynamique articulé nominal d'un véhicule tout terrain ainsi que du contact pneu/chaussée et du plan de la chaussée pour d'écrire le comportement d'un véhicule et sa dynamique par la dynamique de Lagrange.

International audience; In this paper, we presented a new methodology for the mathematical modeling of the photovoltaic generator's characteristics based on known electrical laws. This proposed new methodology in this work consists of a three new algorithms, each one presents the characteristic of the cell, group of cells, module, string and generator, when one or more of its components : cells, bypass diodes and blocking diodes subjected to these types of defaults: reversed polarity, open circuit, short circuit or impedance. The three new algorithms obtained can facilitate the prediction for the prognosis or the detection for the diagnosis of these photovoltaic generator's defaults.

International audience; This paper deals with a smart algorithm allowing short-circuit faults detection and diagnosis of PV generators. The proposed algorithm is based on the hybridization of a support vector machines (SVM) technique optimized by a k-NN tool for the classification of observations on the classifier itself or located in its margin. To test the proposed algorithm performance, a PV generator database containing observations distributed over classes is used for simulation purposes.

International audience; This paper deals with a smart algorithm allowing reversed polarity fault diagnosis and prognosis in PV generators. The proposed prognosis (prediction) approach is based on the hybridization of a support vector regression (SVR) technique optimized by a k-NN regression tool (K-NNR) for undetermined outputs. To test the proposed algorithm performance, a PV generator database containing sample data is used for simulation purposes.

International audience; — In this paper, we proposed a new methodology for the faults photovoltaic generator modeling, especially when it subjected to the open-circuit and short-circuit faults at its components: cells, bypass diodes and blocking diodes. The highlight of the proposed algorithm focused on the mathematical modeling that based on known electrical laws, of the IV characteristic of the faulty PV generator. This model is able to develop a rich database , containing six electrical faults types, which can uses in the diagnosis area of the photovoltaic generators. NOMENCLATURE I_SRC = String Reversed Current. I_SSC = String Supplied Current. I_Cell = Cell Current. V_Cell = Cell Voltage. I_Cell_Short_Circuit = Cell Short Circuit Current. V_Cell_Open_Circuit = Cell Open Circuit Voltage. nc = Cells Number. I_Group = Group Current. V_Group = Group Voltage. I_Bypass_Diode = Bypass Diode Current. ng = Groups Number. I_Module = Module Current. V_Module = Module Voltage. nm = Modules Number. I_String = String Current. V_String = String Voltage. ns = Strings Number. I_PV = Generator Current. V_PV = Generator Voltage. PHI = Photo-Current. I 0 = Reverse Saturation Current. DTV = Diode Thermal Voltage. a = Diode Ideality Factor. R S = Cell Series Resistance. R SH = Cell Shunt Resistance. V / I = Voltage / Current. V imposed = Voltage Imposed.

International audience; We study in this paper the vortex patch problem for the stratified Euler equations in space dimension two. We generalize Chemin's result [J.Y. Chemin, Oxford University Press, 1998.] concerning the global persistence of the Holderian regularity of the vortex patches. Roughly speaking, we prove that if the initial density is smooth and the initial vorticity takes the form omega(0) - 1(Omega), with Omega a C1+epsilon -bounded domain, then the velocity of the stratified Euler equations remains Lipschitz globally in time and the vorticity is split into two parts omega(t)= 1(Omega t) + (rho) over tilde (t), where Omega(t) denotes the image of Omega by the flow and has the same regularity of the domain Omega. The function (rho) over tilde is a smooth function.

In this paper, we were interested on the adherence influence on the dynamic behavior of the vehicle. With this intention, we based ourselves on a articulated nominal dynamic model of a ground vehicle as well as the contact tire-road.

International audience; Thick porous silicon (PS) buffer layers are used as sacrificial layers to epitaxially grow planar and fully relaxed Ge membranes. The single crystal Ge layers have been deposited by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on PS substrate. During deposition, the pore network of PS layers has been filled with Ge. We investigate the structure and morphology of PS as fabricated and after annealing at various temperatures. We show that the PS crystalline lattice is distorted and expanded in the direction perpendicular to the substrate plane due to the presence of chemisorbed –OH. An annealing at high temperature (> 500 °C), greatly changes the PS morphology and structure. This change is marked by an increase of the pore diameter while the lattice parameter becomes tensily strained in the plane (compressed in the direction perpendicular). The morphology and structure of Ge layers are investigated by transmission electron microscopy, high resolution X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy as a function of the deposition temperature and deposited thickness. The results show that the surface roughness, level of relaxation and Si-Ge intermixing (Ge content) depend on the growth temperature and deposited thickness. Two sub-layers are distinguished: the layer incorporated inside the PS pores (high level of intermixing) and the layer on top of the PS surface (low level of intermixing). When deposited at temperature > 500 °C, the Ge layers are fully relaxed with a top Si1 − xGex layer x = 0.74 and a very flat surface. Such layer can serve as fully relaxed ultra-thin SiGe pseudo-substrate with high Ge content. The epitaxy of Ge on sacrificial soft PS pseudo-substrate in the experimental conditions described here provides an easy way to fabricate fully relaxed SiGe pseudo-substrates. Moreover, Ge thin films epitaxially deposited by MBE on PS could be used as relaxed pseudo-substrate in conventional microelectronic technology.

Le puceron brun Pterochloroides persicae a ete observe pour la premiere fois sur pecher (Prunus persica) en Algerie (localites de Batna et Arris ; Nord-est algerien) en septembre 2013. Au cours du mois de decembre de la meme annee, d'autres colonies se sont installees sur Prunus armeniaca, Salix pedicellata et Salix babylonica. Sur le meme arbre et durant la journee, les colonies se deplacent continuellement a la recherche des endroits les moins exposes au soleil. First report of Pterochloroides persicae (Cholodkovsky) (Homoptera, Aphididae, Lachninae) on peach in Algeria In September 2013, brown aphids (Pterochloroides persicae) were observed for the first time on peach trees (Prunus persica) in Algeria (at Batna and Arris, north-east Algeria). In December of the same year, other colonies were established on Prunus armeniaca, Salix pedicellata and Salix babylonica. In the daytime, colonies constantly move around in search of the areas least exposed to the sun. Пepвoe cooбщeниe o Pterochloroides persicae (Cholodkovsky) (Homoptera, Aphididae, Lachninae) нa пepcикax в Aлжиpe B ceнтябpe 2013 кopичнeвыe тли (Pterochloroides persicae) впepвыe нaблюдaлиcь нa пepcикoвыx дepeвьяx (Prunus persica) в Aлжиpe (в Бaтнe и Appиce, ceвepo-вocтoчнaя чacть Aлжиpa). B дeкaбpe тoгo жe гoдa дpyгиe кoлoнии нaблюдaлиcь нa Prunus armeniaca, Salix pedicellata и Salix babylonica. B днeвнoe вpeмя кoлoнии пocтoяннo пepeмeщaютcя вoкpyг дepeвa в пoиcкax зoн, нaимeнee пoдвepжeнныx coлнeчнoмy oблyчeнию.

In this work we study the influence of the pulling rate, the concentration and the annealing on the microstructure of the yttria doped Al2O3/ZrO2 eutectic fibers grown by the laser heated pedestal growth method. The fibers microstructure has been characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The microstructural pattern was irregular Chinese-script for two concentrations of Y2O3 with a cellular arrangement for the higher concentration. We note formation of the host at the borders of the quasi-hexagonal structure with a cellular diameter depending on the pulling rate. The size of the cells decreased when the pulling rate increased. The annealing improved significantly the arrangements of the cells in a homogeneous manner.

International audience; Intra-molecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) reactions of tethered trienes can furnish two distinct diastereoisomeric products, the cis (i.e., endo) stereoisomer and the trans (i.e., exo) stereoisomer. Experimental evidence shows a quite high cis stereoselectivity for 10-link compounds (cis/trans = 70: 30), while 11- and 12-links compounds exhibit no particular selectivity. DFT (B3LYP/6-31G*) computations provide useful insights into the origins of this amazing stereo-selectivity. The cyclization path towards trans stereo-isomer is always thermodynamically favored, whatever the size of the system. The high cis stereo-selectivity displayed by the 10-link system is kinetically controlled by a tug-of-war between ring strain and electronic effects in the transition structure. The dual descriptor of chemical reactivity, a conceptual DFT based descriptor designed to delineate electronic effects, has been used to unravel the stabilizing processes that take place at the TSs.

International audience; For autonomous critical real-time embedded systems (e.g., satellite), guaranteeing a very high level of reliability is as important as keeping the power consumption as low as possible. We propose an off-line scheduling heuristic which, from a given software application graph and a given multiprocessor architecture (homogeneous and fully connected), produces a static multiprocessor schedule that optimizes three criteria: its length (crucial for real-time systems), its reliability (crucial for dependable systems), and its power consumption (crucial for autonomous systems). Our tricriteria scheduling heuristic, called TSH, uses the active replication of the operations and the data-dependencies to increase the reliability and uses dynamic voltage and frequency scaling to lower the power consumption. We demonstrate the soundness of TSH. We also provide extensive simulation results to show how TSH behaves in practice: first, we run TSH on a single instance to provide the whole Pareto front in 3D; second, we compare TSH versus the ECS heuristic (Energy-Conscious Scheduling) from the literature; and third, we compare TSH versus an optimal Mixed Linear Integer Program.

Dans le but de calculer le système d’équation global du modèle dynamique du véhicule et vu la complexité de ce système, du point de vue du nombre de variables dynamiques et de la non-linéarité du système, nous avons développé dans ce travail les algorithmes de génération automatique du modèle dynamique, en utilisant l’approche de Lagrange basée sur le calcul de l’énergie cinétique et potentielle. Dans cette présentation, nous avons simplifié la structure dynamique du véhicule, tout en garantissant un certain degré de réalisme et d’efficacité de la modélisation, en utilisant les outils de conception robotique. Nous avons utilisé la notion de liaison cinématique (prismatique et rotoide) entre les différents corps et nous avons choisi la structure arborescente pour définir les repères liés aux corps les uns par rapport aux autres jusqu'au repère fixe. Dans cette modélisation, nous avons considéré les roues comme des organes terminaux ou la position du point de contact de chaque roue par rapport au repère fixe est calculée selon le principe des matrices de passage. Nous avons utilisé la formule empirique proposée par Bakker et Pacejka afin de décrire le comportement du pneu en se basant sur les relevés expérimentaux fournis par IFSTTAR (ex LCPC).

International audience; Due to scarcity of fossil fuel and increasing demand of power supply, we are forced to utilize the renewable energy resources. Considering easy availability and vast potential, world has turned to solar photovoltaic energy to meet out its ever increasing energy demand. The mathematical modeling and simulation of the photovoltaic system is implemented in the MAT LAB/Simulink environment and the same thing is tested and validated using Artificial Intelligent (Al) Iike AN FIS. This paper presents Maximum Power Point Tracking Control for Photovoltaic System Using Adaptive Neuro- Fuzzy "ANFIS". The PV array has an optimum operating point to generate maximum power at some particular point called maximum power point (MPP). To track this maximum power point and to draw maximum power from PV arrays, MPPT controller is required in a stand-alone PV system. Due to the nonlinearity in the output characteristics of PV array, it is very much essential to track the MPPT of the PV array for varying maximum power point due to the insolation variation. In order to track the MPPT conventional controller like Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy "ANFIS" and fuzzy logic controller is proposed and simulated. The output of the controller, pulse generated from PWM can switch MOSFET to change the duty cycle of boost DC-DC converter. The result reveals that the maximum power point is tracked satisfactorily for varying insolation condition.

A survey of aphids was carried out during the period 2008-2011 in different regions of Algeria by collecting and identifying aphids and their host plants. Aphids were collected from 46 host plants. Forty-six species were reported including thirty-six species which were recorded for the first time in this country and thirty species which were recorded for the first time in the Maghreb (North Africa). This study extends the number of known Algerian aphid to 156 species.

International audience; In this paper, we propose a fault-tolerant scheduling for realtime embedded systems. Our scheduling algorithm is dedicated to multibus heterogeneous architectures, which take as input a given system description and a given fault hypothesis. It is based on a data fragmentation and passive redundancy, which allow fast fault detection/retransmission and efficient use of buses. Our scheduling approach consist of a list scheduling heuristic based on a Global System Failure Rate (GSFR). In order to maximize the reliability of the system, the size of each fragmented data depends on GSFR and the bus failure rates. variable fragment size allows reliable communication and to maximize the reliability of the system. Finally, simulation results show the performance of our