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In the realm of "teaching morphology" studies, there is the opportunity to test a comparative method based on analogies and differences. This paper describes a pedagogic experiment in an International Architecture Master Program held in Italy in Spring 2020. In the Design Unit "Architecture and Urban economics", the main objective was practising urban morphology and building typology as reading and writing tools to understand and design the "urban block". The Design Unit proposed students with the challenge of using morphological tools to compare, relate, and intervene in two urban blocks situated in very different contexts, but with the same surface, the same position in the urban context and the same shape. One study site is located in Turin, Italy; the second study site is located in Nanjing, China. The challenge to compare two different realities using the same tools and analogous sites helped students realise these instruments’ potential as generators of knowledge. The organisation of the course developed around weekly theoretical and practical collective discussions. The student's design process was an incremental step-based process involving different stages, such as context diagnosis, envisioning master plans and programs, developing design options, selecting a specific project, and implementing it. What is more, lectures on Real Estate evaluation, Urban economics & management and Media Sociology supported the design process, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinarity in studying and applying urban morphology. The design unit was developed in Spring Term 2020, during the beginning of lockdowns around the world due to the pandemic emergency. This particular situation became an excellent opportunity to test new communication methods with 45 students located in four different continents and verify/falsify the approach towards the way the topics were explained and developed to shape the next generation of architects and researchers, and practitioners.

[ES] La evolución del barrio de Ruzafa ha formado una parcela, conocida como ¿La manzana perdida¿, que dificulta la intervención pero supone una oportunidad para adaptarse al entorno y sus preexistencias. Este TFM propone un cierre simbólico de la manzana, respetando sus alineaciones y manteniendo aquello que se pueda restaurar; y a su vez, permitir que el espacio público y el uso destinado al peatón se adueñen de su interior. Con respecto al programa, el proyecto presenta un sistema de vivienda colectiva y un espacio de co-working. Las unidades residenciales son de dimensiones reducidas y se complementan con amplios espacios comunes, que buscan crear un sentido de comunidad. En definitiva, se busca dar una respuesta actual a la situación demográfica del barrio y crear espacios de relación y convivencia, recuperando el carácter de pueblo que tenía Ruzafa., [EN] The evolution of Ruzafa neighbourhood has formed a plot, known as "The lost block", which makes intervention difficult but represents an opportunity to adapt to the environment and its pre-existence. This TFM proposes a symbolic closure of the block, respecting its alignments and maintaining what can be restored, while allowing public space and pedestrian use to take over its interior. With regard to the programme, the project presents a collective housing system and a co-working space. The residential units are of reduced dimensions and are complemented by large communal spaces, which seek to create a sense of community. In short, the aim is to provide a contemporary response to the demographic situation of the neighbourhood and to create spaces for relationships and coexistence, recovering the village character that Ruzafa used to have.

During urbanization in developing countries, fragmentation of green infrastructure due to increasing populations and the expansion of construction land leads to an extremely serious imbalance between the supply and demand for urban ecosystem services. In this study, the central city of Zhengzhou, a central city in central China, was selected as the study area and the excessive demand for six ecosystem services, namely, air purification, flood regulation, heat regulation, hydrological regulation, CO2 sequestration and recreational services, was quantitatively evaluated. The entropy method was used to calculate the weights of various ecosystem services, and spatial overlay analysis was performed to obtain the comprehensive ecosystem service excessive demand. Finally, bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to explore the response of population density to comprehensive excessive demand for ESs. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The most prevalent need is for more CO2 regulation service throughout the study area. (2) Except for hydrological regulation service, the spatial distribution of the remaining highly excessive ecosystem service demands are mostly concentrated in old neighborhoods. (3) Of the six excessively demanded economic services, rainwater regulation obtained the greatest weight, reflecting the poor urban infrastructure configuration for countering the rapidly increasing threat of flooding caused by climate change in the city. (4) The comprehensive ecosystem service excessive demand results show that there are eight priority green infrastructure implementation blocks in the central city of Zhengzhou. (5) There were three agglomeration types between population density and comprehensive excessive demand for ESs: high-high type, low-high type and low-low type. The spatial distribution characteristics of population density and comprehensive ES demand are positively correlated. The results of this study could help to provide information for decision making when delineating the priority areas and types of green infrastructure implementation in developing cities.

В статье рассмотрено существующее положение полос отвода и санитарно-защитных зон железных дорог Москвы в пределах МКАД и дана оценка современной плотности застройки этих территорий. Проанализирован зарубежный опыт на примере таких крупных городов, как Париж, Берлин и Гамбург. В результате проведенного анализа выработаны приемы реорганизации прирельсовых территорий и сформулированы принципы, по мнению автора, являющиеся определяющими для выбора приемов реорганизации прирельсовых территорий. Также представлен прогноз социально-экономического эффекта, который может быть достигнут в результате апробации выработанных приемов для оптимизации полос отвода и санитарно-защитных зон., The article considers the current situation of the allotment lanes and sanitary protection zones of Moscow railways within the Moscow Ring Road and assesses the current density of development of these territories. The foreign experience is analyzed on the example of such large cities as Paris, Berlin and Hamburg. As a result of the analysis, the methods of reorganization of near-rail territories are developed and the principles that, according to the author, are decisive for the choice of methods of reorganization of near-rail territories are formulated. The forecast of the socio-economic effect that can be achieved as a result of testing the developed techniques for optimizing the right-of-way lanes and sanitary protection zones is also presented

With the growing role of cities, rapid urbanization, transformation under shifting economic, environmental, social and demographic conditions, the purpose of architecture is changing too. The legacy of the modernist decades left a broken urban fabric of isolated buildings from the urban landscapes of streets, plots, and blocks. In its aftermath, professionals sought to revive the traditional city fabric starting from the block, as the basic element. Although recent developments produce blocks, the livability of streets and other public spaces remains questionable. With a newfound focus into the block, as the fundamental structural element in planning, architectural typologies become the starting point to translate the qualities of urban life. The relationship between two scales, the urban and the architectural, will be examined in this thesis. Architectural elements and typologies have the ability to enhance public life, fostering positive social relations through meaningful design. The following research will explore architecture in Stockholm from the scale of an urban block, to the building typologies, and finally to the modest details within a single building. The fundamental idea is to extract building types and architectural elements that have an impact on the daily life of individuals in the city of Stockholm.

Cities worldwide are facing problems to mitigate the impact of urban stormwater runoff caused by the increasing occurrence of heavy rainfall events and urban re-densification. This study presents a new approach for estimating the potential of the Management of Urban STormwater at Block-level (MUST-B) by decentralized blue-green infrastructures here called low-impact developments (LIDs) for already existing urban environments. The MUST-B method was applied to a study area in the northern part of the City of Leipzig, Germany. The Study areas was divided into blocks smallest functional units and considering two different soil permeability and three different rainfall events, seven scenarios have been developed: current situation, surface infiltration, swale infiltration, trench infiltration, trough-trench infiltration, and three different combinations of extensive roof greening, trough-trench infiltration, and shaft infiltration. The LIDs have been simulated and their maximum retention/infiltration potential and the required area have been estimated together with a cost calculation. The results showed that even stormwater of a 100 year rainfall event can be fully retained and infiltrated within the blocks on a soil with low permeability (kf = 10−6 m/s). The cost and the required area for the LIDs differed depending on the scenario and responded to the soil permeability and rainfall events. It is shown that the MUST-B method allows a simple down- and up-scaling process for different urban settings and facilitates decision making for implementing decentralized blue-green-infrastructure that retain, store, and infiltrate stormwater at block level.

[ES] El arroz ha sido y es una parte muy importante de la economía de Pinedo, sin embargo, las ganancias procedentes de este sector no repercuten directamente en los agricultores que se encargan de cultivar y mantener los campos a lo largo del año. La estrategia de aproximación parte del análisis y se centra en la intervención, rehabilitación y reactivación de una de las manzanas de Pinedo. El proyecto se basa en la reutilización de un espacio industrial preexistente al que se dota de un nuevo uso encargándose de abrir el área y generar nuevas actividades que cohabitan con la sociedad, así como la adición de nuevos espacios que las complementen. Se propone un programa centrado en la utilización del arroz como motor principal de la actividad, desarrollando una marca propia de cerveza artesanal de arroz elaborada en la fábrica local propuesta como parte del proyecto, siendo la parte fundamental de la reactivación económica. También se dota de laboratorios que permitan la investigación para el desarrollo de nuevos materiales u otros productos producidos con arroz., [EN] The rice has been and is an important part of Pinedo¿s economy, however, the profits benefits from this sector do not go directly to the farmers who are responsible for cultivating and maintaining the fields throughout the year. The approach strategy starts from the analysis and focuses on the intervention, rehabilitation and reactivation of one of the blocks of Pinedo. The project is based on the reuse of a pre-existing industrial space that is given a new use by opening up the area and generating new activities that cohabit with society, as well as the addition of new spaces that complement them. A programme is proposed focusing on the use of rice as the main driving force of the activity, developing its own brand of craft rice beer brewed in the local brewery proposed as part of the project, being the main part of the economic reactivation. It also provides laboratories that allow research for the development of new materials or other products produced with rice.

Uno de los autores del importante libro Formas urbanas. De la manzana al bloque, Philippe Panerai, sintetizaba el contenido del trabajo refiriéndose a “la agonía de una ordenación bien definida: la manzana”. El libro fue traducido en diferentes idiomas. En italiano primero con el título Isolato urbano e città contemporanea (Architettura e città) (1981, 2a ed. 2012); en alemán, Vom Block zur Zeile (Bauwelt Fundamente) (1985); en español, Formas urbanas: de la manzana al bloque (1986); en inglés, Urban Forms: the Death and Life of the Urban Block (2004). La crisis del paradigma moderno se produce con algunas variantes en diferentes países con la emergencia de renovadas concepciones morfológicas, en paralelo al urbanismo cualitativo y a los nuevos proyectos urbanos. En ese contexto, interesa ahora revisitar dicho libro porque tuvo gran impacto en la historiografía de las formas urbanas, con un análisis innovador de los cambios en los modelos dominantes en Europa desde principios del siglo XX. Y también porque permite entender mejor la recuperación de la manzana con bloque perimetral en los llamados ‘nuevos ensanches’, especialmente en las ciudades españolas a partir de entonces. One of the authors of the important book Formes urbaines. De l’îlot a la barre, Philippe Panerai, synthesized the content of the work referring to “L’agonie d’une organization spatiale déterminée: l’îlot”. The book was translated into different languages. In Italian first with the title Isolato urban e città contemporanea (Architettura e città) (1981, 2nd ed. 2012); in German, Vom Block zur Zeile (Bauwelt Fundamente) (1985); in Spanish, Formas urbanas. De la manzana al bloque (1986); in English, Urban Forms: the Death and Life of the Urban Block (2004). The crisis of the modernist paradigm occurs with some variants in different countries with the emergence of renewed morphological conceptions, in parallel to qualitative urban planning and new urban projects. In this context, it is now interesting to revisit this book because it had a great impact on the historiography of urban forms, with an innovative analysis of the changes in the dominant models in Europe since the beginning of the 20th century. And also, because it allows us to better understand the recovery of the urban block in the so-called ‘nuevos ensanches’, especially in Spanish cities from then on.

Use of RES is an important element for achieving ambitious results for CO2 emission reduction in EU, emphasized and obligated by RES Directive, among other documents. In Serbia, as a candidate country and a signatory of Energy treaty, targets set by relevant documents reflect in benchmarks set by National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency, setting the level of reduction of energy consumption until 2018 for 9%, with more ambitious projections up to 2030. This calls for extensive research of possibilities for the use of renewable energy in buildings, its potentials and possible restrictions. Since the Directive states that low amount of energy required should be covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources, including energy from renewable sources produced on-site or nearby, an investigation of possibilities for application of geothermal ground probes for a typical residential urban block in the city of Kragujevac is present-ed. This enables analysis of limitations imposed by legal and physical conditions: planning guidelines, type of ground, functional requests and infrastructural capacities. Typology of characteristic urban block layouts for residential buildings is generated, leading to projections of possible area covered with ground probes and calculations of relevant energy needed for heating, based on current regulations on energy efficiency in buildings. From these calculations, percentage of defined energy needs from possible geothermal ground probes is defined, enabling estimation of geothermal energy potential for new residential building blocks.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre. Uma cidade que outrora foi considerada a “Veneza de Oriente”, hoje encontra-se de costas voltada para a água. “Revitalizar a partir da Memória de uma Cidade Canal”, centra-se na reinvenção de antigos canais como estimuladores de revitalização urbana e incentivo para outros exemplos no território. As frentes de água, mais do que um lugar de lazer público, são um espaço com um grande potencial para habitação e comércio. Nesse sentido, o trabalho desenvolvido defende a fusão de espaços de habitação e espaços de comércio, através da criação de um Quarteirão Habitacional Híbrido, com o objetivo de desenvolver a frente de água no Bairro de Tsukiji, em Tóquio, e fazer deste lugar mais do que um lugar turístico. ABSTRACT: In a city that was once considered the "Venice of the East", today it is facing away from the water. Revitalizar a partir da Memória de uma Cidade Canal, focuses on the reinvention of old canals as stimulators of urban regeneration and encouragement for other examples scattered over the territory. Waterfronts, more than a place for public leisure, are a place with great potential for housing and commerce. Therefore, the developed project, defends the fusion of housing and retail spaces, through the creation of a Hybrid Housing Block, in order to develop Tsukiji’s waterfront, in Tokyo, and making this place more than a tourist point. N/A

Die Diplomarbeit mit dem Titel ���Baul��ckenund Hofbebauung in Wien-Margareten. Die ��konomie der Mittel als architektonisches Prinzip��� ist eine zweigeteilte, in sich aufbauende Arbeit, welche in eine theoretische Forschung und in einen Entwurf gegliedert ist. Im ersten Teil wird der Begriff �����konomie der Mittel��� definiert und mit Alison und Peter Smithsons architektonischer Haltung und zwei ausgew��hlten Werken in Verbindung gebracht. Grundund Ausgangslage der Forschung bildete ein Buchbeitrag von Peter Salter mit dem Titel die �����konomie der Mittel���. Dieser Text wurde in der Publikation ���Sergison Bates architects, Brick-work: Gewicht und Pr��senz��� herausgegeben. Er wurde von mir als Werkzeug verwendet, um m��gliche Potenziale und Widerspr��che der ���Smithsons ��konomie der Mittel��� aufzuzeigen und in weiterer Folge Neues und N��tzliches f��r das eigene Entwurfsprojekt zu entdecken. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit ist ein Wohnbauentwurf in Wien-Margareten. Schwerund Ausgangspunkt der Arbeit bildete das Aufsp��ren vorhandener Potenziale des Kontexts und deren ��bersetzung in ein architektonisches Prinzip. Der Kontext bezieht sich hier nicht nur auf den physischen Ort, sondern es geht auch darum, zeitgen��ssischen und substanziellen Anspr��chen der Architektur gerecht zu werden., The diploma thesis ���Infill and Courtyard Building in Vienna-Margareten. Economy of Means as an Architectural Principle��� is divided into a theoretical research and an architectural draft. In the first part the term "Economy of Means" is defined and associated with Alison and Peter Smithson's architectural attitude and two selected works. The basis of the research was a book contribution by Peter Salter with the title "The Economy of Means". This text was published in the book "Sergison Bates architects, Brick-work: thinking and making". It was used as a tool to figure out potentials and contradictions of "Smithson's Economy of Means" and to discover new and useful things for my own design project. The second part of this paper is a housing project in Vienna-Margareten. The main focus and star ng point was to discover existing potentials of the context and their translation into an architectural principle. Context refers not only to a place, it is also about to fulfil contemporary and substantial demands of architecture.

The boundary between public and private dwelling presents a complex architectural problem in that it must provide separation and transition, exposure and closure, privacy and interaction, and embodiment and orientation. This thesis explores this boundary and its role in developing a sense of community in the context of artist live/work studios in a dense urban block. Master of Architecture This thesis explores the physical boundary between public and private space and how architectural elements can help transition the spaces to create a better connection between individuals and their communities, resulting in stronger communities. This concept is explored in the context of artist live/work studios where you have private residences overlapping more public work and display areas.

Up-to-date maps of a city’s urban structure types (USTs) are very important for effective planning, as well as for different studies and applications. We present an approach for the classification of USTs at the level of urban blocks based on high-resolution spaceborne radar imagery. Images obtained at the satellite’s ascending and descending orbits were used for extracting line and polygon features from each block. Most of the attributes considered in the classification concern the geometry of these features, as well as their spatial disposition inside the blocks. Furthermore, assuming the UST classes of neighboring blocks are probabilistically dependent, we explored the framework of probabilistic graphical models and propose different context-based classification models. These models differ with respect to (i) their type, i.e., Markov or conditional random fields, (ii) their parameterization and (iii) the criterion applied for establishing pairwise neighboring relationships between blocks. In our experiments, 1,695 blocks from the city of Munich (Germany) and five representative UST classes were considered. A standard classification performed with the Random Forest algorithm achieved an overall accuracy of nearly 70%. All context-based classifications achieved overall accuracies up to 7% higher than that. The results indicate that denser pairwise block-neighborhood structures lead to better results and that the accuracy improvement is higher when the strength of the contextual influences is proportional to the similarity of the neighboring blocks attributes.

The block is one of the basic elements of urban space and its morphology is always changing due to the accumulation and substitution of constructions in different times. This dissertation has focused on the evolution and morphological types of blocks in the old city of Nanjing, in order to reveal the characteristics of blocks in Chinese cities, where top-down plans and practical constructions have been remaining conflicted in the long history of development. Extensive studies of relevant literature, quantitative researches and graphic analyses have been adopted to meet the research aims. This research has produced a number of key findings: at the scale of the whole city, the grid of roads tend to deviate from the boundaries of morphological homogeneous districts, or to say, plan-units; blocks in the old city of Nanjing usually contain all or part of several different plan-units, which can be divided according to construction times, geographical conditions and land-use types; the morphological difference of blocks can be presented by the different plan-units contained and the configuration pattern, so in this way a classification system for blocks has been established; some regularity has also been concluded regarding the transformation of block morphology, although there are various types of blocks in the city.

Urban sustainability has been connected to form and compactness of the urban tissue. At the same time the relationship between urban form and energy efficiency is strongly affected by climate. This paper investigates the effect of climate conditions on the relation between urban morphology and energy efficiency of urban blocks, focusing on the Greek city context. A set of building block typologies is analyzed with regard to their form factors such as S/V ratio, coverage ratio and building ratio for the climatic conditions of two cities, each one belonging to a different climatic zone. Heating and cooling loads are calculated at an urban block scale for the climate of the city of Thessaloniki (zone C) and of the city of Heraklion (zone A) in order to draw conclusions about the relation between geometry factors and energy efficiency. The results of the research indicate that there is a strong relationship between urban morphology factors and energy efficiency and that the total load demand of urban blocks can be described as a function of form parameters. Results of the research, concerning the energy demand calculation, are valuable since they indicate the energy profile of each typology according to climate and can be used for defining different urban strategies towards sustainability in a context-based climate dependent analysis.

Throughout the history of a human civilization, a demographic explosion imprinted in the Earth's surface is being witnessed. Our environment bears a footprint of evolutionary signs of human activities - creating settlements growing in the sense of geometric progression: bigger areas, higher buildings, more inhabitants. On the basis of newly discovered activities, economically profitable locations and materials, human society builds its dwelling and working settlements on the “Greenfields”, undergoing the “golden era” of the business bloom and coming to the decline in future economy. This enclosed process can be observed in historical villages, in rush mining towns, in artificially supported planned mass housing estates in socialist countries; but is the misunderstood and misused way of building and swallowing the natural and arable earth's surface still being taken for normal and tolerable? On the example of several large-sized development plans from different part of the world, we would like to take a closer look at what is the precarious pattern that has been copied since the era of 1930's. In recent, so-called “eco-cities” and “sustainable developments”, the urban design section of 21st century master plans will be watched closely. Taking a consideration of current state-of-art of the project and its real form, basic planning tools will be defined, excluding the principals of ecology and sociology for this purpose. Within the complex of multidisciplinary urban design will be extracted to its primary elements: the form and the function.

The aim of this study was to examine the number of species, their coverage, present life forms and the diversity of dendroflora of an urban block (N 45°15', E 19°48') in the Novo naselje district of Novi Sad. The results manifested that, in regards of coverage, the biggest influence on the composition of the dendroflora had interspecies hybrida) species, with a number of 1039 individuals (38%). On the other hand, introduced species were present in higher numbers (918 individuals, 32%) than autochthonous (799 individuals, 30%). Analysis of the representation of phanerophyt (Ph) life forms in the composition of the urban vegetation, lead to the conclusion of the dominance (1504 individuals, 55%) of nanophanerophyts (nPh), bushes with height up to 2 m. The diversity of the dendroflora was calculated with the Simpson's index of heterogeneity resulting in 0.901, as well as with the reciprocal Simpson's index of 10.113, pointing out to the richness of woody species. Significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the creation an unified cadaster of green spaces of Novi Sad, purposed for monitoring and maintenance of the woody species.

Network connectivity, continuity and efficiency in urban areas depend on the patterns defined by the roads and the location of the buildings. Urban blocks a ffect the traffic operational performance in aspects such as travel time, average travel delay, average speed and resilience from congestion. This paper analyzes the impact of urban blocks on road traffic by considering urban block patterns. For this purpose, traffic performance and propagation of traffic congestion are evaluated on different urban blocks by applying two techniques: MFD (Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram) and NEF (Network Exit Function). Furthermore, presence and influence of both arterial and local streets are discussed. DTA (Dynamic Traffic Assignment) function is used to capture dynamic effects that arise in congested scenarios in simulation. Results obtained evaluate and quantify the influence of urban block shape on the traffic performance.

V magistrskem delu smo v skladu s trajnostnimi principi 21. stoletja zasnovali stanovanjsko sosesko na izteku zahodne mariborske obvoznice. Izbrana lokacija je trenutno pridelovalna površina s cerkvijo, šolo in gasilskim domom na JV delu območja. Načrtovana stanovanjska soseska z lego ob mestni obvoznici zaključuje niz stanovanjskih blokov in oblikuje mestni rob. Predvidena urbanistična ureditev lokacije omogoča sproščen način bivanja na robu mesta, k čemer pripomorejo fleksibilna stanovanja, ki stanovalcem omogočajo poljubno oblikovanje lastnega bivanjskega prostora. Poleg kvalitetnih bivalnih enot pa stanovanjska soseska ponuja tudi raznolik – obstoječi in novi – javni program. Območje tako deluje kot majhno (tudi samooskrbno) mesto. In accordance with sustainable building principles of the 21st century, we have devised a residential neighbourhood at the end of the western Maribor bypass. The chosen location is currently a production area containing a church, school and a fire station (SE part). The planned residential area along the city bypass ends a line of residential buildings and forms the edge of the city. The assumed urban planning of the location allows a relaxed way of living on the outskirts of the city, particularly due to flexible apartments, allowing residents to design their living space randomly. Next to quality accommodation units the residential area offers a diverse - both the existing and the new - public program. Thus, the area functions as a small (self-sustainable) town.

Model predložen u ovom radu zasnovan je na višekriterijskoj analizi godišnje dnevne osvijetljenosti uz oslanjanje na interoperabilnost više programskih alata. Performanse dnevne osvijetljenosti različitih urbanih morfologija istražene su pomoću simulacije i mjerenja realnih klimatskih uvjeta za definiranu lokaciju na dva tipa 3D modela. Prva analiza izvršena je optimiziranim tipskim urbanim morfologijama bloka, druga analiza izvršena je na 3D modelu bloka koji je dio urbanog tkiva grada Novog Sada. Rezultati su obrađeni u skladu s kriterijem minimalne vrijednosti zdrave izloženosti dnevnom svijetlu u vrijednosti od 190 lx. Komparativna analiza rezultata pokazala je kako postoji razlika u intenzitetu osvijetljenja za unutrašnje prostore između različitih tipova morfologije bloka. Dobivene vrijednosti predstavljene su u obliku tablica, grafova i 3D prikaza., The model proposed in this paper is based on a multi-criteria analysis of annual daylight illumination relying on the interoperability of commercially available software tools. The daylight performance of different urban morphologies is investigated by simulating and measuring real weather conditions for a specified location on two types of 3D models. The first analysis is conducted on optimized 3D models of typical urban block morphology and the second analysis is conducted on a 3D model of an existing block extracted from the corpus of the city of Novi Sad. The results are processed according to the criteria of health factors such as the minimum daylight exposure value of 190 lx. The comparative analysis of the results showed that there is a difference between the different types of block morphologies regarding the illumination intensity for the interior spaces. The obtained values are presented in tabular form, graphic and 3D view.