Search

Mycobacterium tuberculosis peptidoglycan (PG) is atypical as its synthesis involves a new enzyme class, L,D-transpeptidases. Prior studies of L,D-transpeptidases have identified only the catalytic site that binds to peptide moiety of the PG substrate or ß-lactam antibiotics. This insight was leveraged to develop mechanism of its activity and inhibition by ß-lactams. Here we report identification of an allosteric site at a distance of 21 Å from the catalytic site that binds the sugar moiety of PG substrates (hereafter referred to as the S-pocket). This site also binds a second ß-lactam molecule and influences binding at the catalytic site. We provide evidence that two ß-lactam molecules bind co-operatively to this enzyme, one non-covalently at the S-site and one covalently at the catalytic site. This dual ß-lactam binding phenomenon is previously unknown and is an observation that may offer novel approaches for the structure-based design of new ß-lactam antibiotics for M. tuberculosis.

L,D-transpeptidase function predominates in atypical 3 → 3 transpeptide networking of peptidoglycan (PG) layer in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Prior studies of L,D-transpeptidases have identified only the catalytic site that binds to peptide moiety of the PG substrate or β-lactam antibiotics. This insight was leveraged to develop mechanism of its activity and inhibition by β-lactams. Here, we report identification of an allosteric site at a distance of 21 Å from the catalytic site that binds the sugar moiety of PG substrates (hereafter referred to as the S-pocket). This site also binds a second β-lactam molecule and influences binding at the catalytic site. We provide evidence that two β-lactam molecules bind co-operatively to this enzyme, one non-covalently at the S-pocket and one covalently at the catalytic site. This dual β-lactam-binding phenomenon is previously unknown and is an observation that may offer novel approaches for the structure-based design of new drugs against M. tuberculosis.

Background: The “cytokine storm” (CS) in COVID-19 leads to the worst stage of illness which can be controlled only with timely intervention. There is an urgent need to identify laboratory markers of disease progression for optimum allocation of resources in developing countries like India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 COVID-19 positive patients over two months. The cases were sub-classified based on disease severity into mild to moderate (n=61), severe (n=26) and very severe (n=13) and into survivors (n=85) and non-survivors (n=15) based on survivor status. These patients were tested for hematological parameters (total blood lymphocyte counts, NLR, PLR, platelet indices etc.), coagulation markers (D-dimer, fibrin degradation products (FDP), fibrinogen etc.) and biochemical markers (LDH, ferritin, IL-6, procalcitonin, hs-CRP). Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in hematological variables (ANC, NLR and ESR), coagulation parameters (D-dimer, FDP, fibrinogen and thrombin time) and biochemical markers (LDH, ferritin, IL-6, procalcitonin and hs-CRP) with regard to subcategories based of disease severity as well as survivor status. There was strong correlation between NLR, D-dimer, IL-6, procalcitonin and ferritin. IL-6 emerged as the single best marker of disease severity (AUC: 0.997, P=0.00), however procalcitonin, LDH, D-dimer, FDP and NLR could also predict severe disease with a good sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: To conclude, study demonstrates a plethora of biomarkers which could be utilized to accurately identify the hyperinflammation and tissue damage reminiscent of cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients so that timely, safe, and effective therapies can be administered to prevent progression and potentially reduce mortality.

We report the draft genome sequence of Mycobacterium simiae, a slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) isolated from a mouthwash sample of a healthy person. This genome of 6,603,693 bp exhibited a 66.13% GC content and 6,391 genes with 6,257 coding sequences, 3 rRNAs, and 78 tRNAs.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, characterized by insulin resistance, corresponds to approximately 90% of cases of diabetes worldwide. Hyperglycemia in diabetes contributes to hyperfibrinogenemia and activates the coagulation cascade thereby producing atherothrombotic events. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the coagulation profile (activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time and fibrinogen) in Type 2 diabetes and to analyze correlations between body mass index, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and duration of diabetes with coagulation parameters. Methods: This study included 60 type 2 diabetics and 30 controls. Diabetic patients were grouped in two sets based on the presence or absence of microvascular complications. The demographic profile and clinical details were recorded. Fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, coagulation parameters such as prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen along with other biochemical parameters were investigated. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the coagulation parameters between the two groups of diabetics (with and without complications). The present study also found significant correlations between age and the duration of diabetes with and without complications and coagulation parameters such as the activated partial thromboplastin time, which was found to be significantly lower, and fibrinogen, which was found to be significantly higher in subjects with complications compared to subjects without complications. Conclusion: Clinical tests for prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen are relatively inexpensive and readily available. The present study shows that shortened prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and increased fibrinogen levels might be useful hemostatic markers in diabetic patients, especially in those at high-risk for thrombotic complications. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Coagulation, HbA1c, PT, APTT

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the major health problems causing maternal morbidity and mortality, complicating 3–8% of pregnancies. It has been suggested that the alterations in the coagulation and fibrinolysis play a role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The markers of platelet activation include platelet count, platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume and plateletcrit. Study design: It was a case-controlled study which included a total of 60 patients (30 cases and 30 controls). Blood samples were collected and the platelet indices – platelet count, plateletcrit, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width – were evaluated using the Sysmex XN1000 and compared between the two groups. Results: The MPV and PDW also showed a significant difference (p > 0.05) between the two groups, with a significant positive correlation with increasing blood pressure (MPV – r = +0.6126, p

Background Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the first line investigation for pre-operative diagnosis of salivary gland lesions, but due to its inherent limitations remains a challenge for the cytopathologists. The recently proposed international risk stratification scheme, the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytology (MSRSGC) aims to promote and standardise the communication between cytopathologist and clinician thereby improving patient care. Methods A retrospective study of all salivary gland cytology cases was performed over a 3-year period, reviewed by pathologists and categorised into 1 of the 6 diagnostic categories according to MSRSGC, namely, non-diagnostic, non-neoplastic, atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), benign neoplasm, and salivary gland neoplasm of undetermined significance (SUMP), suspicious for malignancy (SFM), and malignant neoplasm. Cyto- histological correlation was done wherever possible. Risk of malignancy (ROM) was calculated for each diagnostic category. Results Out of a total of 150 salivary FNAC cases, histopathology was available for 64 cases. The sensitivity of FNAC was 81.8%, specificity was 100% while the diagnostic accuracy was 96.9%. The positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 96.4% respectively. The ROM for non-diagnostic, non-neoplastic, AUS, benign neoplasm, SUMP, SFM, and malignant categories were 0%, 10%, 50%, 2.5%, 50%, 100%, and 100% respectively. Conclusion MSRSGC fulfils the critical need for a uniform, internationally acceptable reporting system with ROM specified for each category. However, large scale multi centre studies need to be conducted before its reliability and validity is proven.

In this paper, we introduce graphic contraction mappings in b-metric spaces and establish some fixed point theorems in the aforesaid space. Appropriate graphs are presented to visualize related definitions and concepts. On the other hand, some examples are presented to verify the authenticity and effectiveness of the established results. Our results generalize and extend some pioneer results existing in the literature. Moreover, applications to existence of solution for ordinary differential equations and for integral equations are also established to show the adequacy of our results.

In this paper, we will present some fixed point results for two classes of generalized contractions of Boyd–Wong type in partial b-metric spaces. More precisely, the structure of the paper is the following. In section one, we present some useful notions and results. The aim of section two is to introduce the concepts of Boyd–Wong F-contractions of type A and of type B and establish some new common fixed point results in partial b-metric spaces. We show the validity and superiority of our main results by suitable examples which are visualized by corresponding surfaces and related graphs. In section three, we correct some slip-ups in some recent papers. Finally, in section four, two applications to integral equation and periodic boundary value problem are included which make effective the new concepts and results.

In an attempt to uncover genotypic indicators for isoniazid (INH) resistance in M. tuberculosis, in addition to the canonical mutations in genes associated with INH resistance, including katG, inhA and fabG promoter; we analyzed, two INH monoresistant isolates, ASTS24/13 (INHR1) and SHR1/14 (INHR2). Targeted Sanger sequencing detected a canonical mutation at katG315 only in INHR2. Infection of THP-1 cells and exposure to antituberculosis drugs led to two-fold increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration of INH in INHR2. Whole genome sequences revealed that INHR1 and INHR2 belonged to Delhi Central Asian Strain and East African Indian lineages, respectively. The sequences were compared with INH susceptible isolates with the same lineage as the INH monoresistant strains. INHR1 had a novel unique mutation STOP420Trp in the efflux pump gene Rv0849, while INHR2 had a novel mutation Arg579Ser in efflux pump gene mmpL5. Comparison of lipid associated genes showed novel mutations in INHR1 in fadE16, fadD3 and fbpD; while INHR2 had mutations in fadE1, Rv0145, Rv1425, fadD9 and mmaA3. Both isolates also demonstrated novel mutations in cell wall associated genes. Our study highlights the importance of searching for alternate mechanisms of INH resistance that may contribute to the development of more comprehensive diagnostic tools.

Background Breast cytology is a significant component of the "Triple approach" for pre-operative diagnosis of breast lumps, the other two being clinical assessment and radiological imaging. The role of Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) as a first line investigation in diagnosing breast lesions is well documented, however histopathology is the gold standard. Cyto-histopathological correlation is of great relevance and also increases precision.AIMS \& OBJECTIVES:The present study was conducted with the aim to categorize breast lesions according to the latest standardized reporting system proposed by International academy of cytologists (IAC) in 2016. Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of FNAC in diagnosing breast lesions and cyto-histopathological correlation was planned. Materials and methods All FNAs of breast lesions over a period of 2 years were included in the study. The cases were grouped into five standardized categories proposed by the International academy of cytology: Category I (Insufficient material), Category II (Benign), Category III (Atypical, probably benign), Category IV (Suspicious, probably in situ or invasive) & Category V (Malignant) respectively. Specificity, sensitivity, diagnostic accuracy, negative and positive predictive value of FNAC were calculated and cyto-histopathological correlation assessed wherever possible. Results Out of 468 breast lesions reported on FNAC, the category wise distribution was - Category I, II, III, IV & V accounting for 23(4.9%), 342(73.07%), 7(1.5%), 11(2.35%) and 85(18.16%) respectively. Histopathology was performed in 331/468 cases with cyto histological concordance of 98.4% and a type agreement rate of 90.9%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy was 98.90%, 99.16%, 97.82%, 99.58% and 99.09% respectively. Conclusion FNAC is a simple, reliable, cost effective, first line diagnostic procedure for all breast lumps. In collaboration with physical examination and imaging studies (triple approach), FNAC is a highly sensitive diagnostic tool. Adopting a universally acceptable standardized reporting system for breast cytology can enhance the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce new concepts of (α,β)-admissible Geraghty type generalized F-contraction and to prove that some fixed point results for such mappings are in the perspective of partial b-metric space. As an application, we inaugurate new fixed point results for Geraghty type generalized graphic F-contraction defined on partial metric space endowed with a directed graph. On the other hand, one more application to the existence and uniqueness of a solution for the first-order periodic boundary value problem is also provided. Our findings encompass various generalizations of the Banach contraction principle on metric space, partial metric space, and partial b-metric space. Moreover, some examples are presented to illustrate the usability of the new theory.

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (Ca ex PA) is a malignant neoplasm arising from primary or recurrent benign pleomorphic adenoma. It is rare with an annual incidence rate of 0.17 tumors per million. Histopathology remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of Ca ex PA, with only a handful of cases reported on cytology. In our case a 66-year-old male presented with the right parotid mass for 5 years rapidly increasing for the last 3 months. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears showed malignant tumor cells in clusters along with benign myoepithelial cells in chondromyxoid background. Histopathologically, highly pleomorphic malignant epithelial cells in sheets along with foci of comedonecrosis and areas corresponding to benign pleomorphic adenoma were observed on careful scrutiny. Immunohistochemistry revealed positivity for cytokeratin (CK 7) and gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15) while CK5/6 and high molecular weight CK (34 βE12) were negative in the malignant tumor cells. So, the final impression was Ca ex PA with salivary duct carcinoma as malignant component. We hereby report this case to highlight the significance of FNAC in the diagnosis of Ca ex PA which can be easily missed on cytopathology. However, it is important to corroborate the cytological findings with clinical suspicion of malignancy as well as radiology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:651-654. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the endometrial cavity. Scar endometriosis, also known as spontaneous abdominal wall endometriosis, is an unusual clinical presentation which often goes unnoticed. It usually develops after pelvic operations. The incidence has been estimated to be only 0.03%–0.15% of all cases of endometriosis. It can be either asymptomatic or present as abdominal wall pain at the site of surgical incision. It is most commonly diagnosed clinically or on ultrasonography. The treatment of choice predominantly remains surgical excision. We present a case of a 24-year-old female (known case of bicornuate uterus) who presented with chief complaints of abdominal pain for 1 month and 6 months after metroplasty. The patient was clinically diagnosed as a case of scar endometriosis with rudimentary horn and fistulous tract and taken up for surgery. Both the scar tissue and fistulous tract were removed and histopathology revealed only endometrial glands without stroma or hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Diagnosis of scar endometriosis was established on positive immunohistochemistry for estrogen and progesterone receptor in endometrial glands. Timely diagnosis and surgical excision of scar endometriosis along with close follow-up are necessary to prevent complications and recurrence.

A primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is a rare entity occurring most commonly in the 2nd and 3rd decade and is very rare in patients over 40 years of age. PNET is a round cell malignancy of presumably primitive neuroectodermal tissue or migratory neural crest cells arising from soft tissue or bone. PNET occurring outside the central nervous system is called peripheral PNET (p PNET) and most commonly involves the trunk and extremities Here we present a case of PNET diagnosed in an elderly male who presented with a soft tissue mass in the gluteal region. The histopathology with ancillary techniques including immunohistochemistry and molecular studies helped in establishing the diagnosis of PNET. They are characterized by translocation leading to the fusion of Ewing’s Sarcoma (EWS) gene on 22q12 with any of the member of the ETS (E 26 transformation specific or E -twenty – six) family of transcription factors with the most frequent being t (11;22) (q24;12). Intensive multiagent chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment as it has great potential for metastatic spread. The prognosis of adults with Ewing’s sarcoma (ES)/PNET is not well known, however, some reports suggested that adults with ES/PNET have a poorer prognosis than children. Cytology is the first line of diagnosis for RCT. However, the type-specific diagnosis or final diagnosis of p PNET is based on histopathology aided with IHC and other ancillary techniques.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 03 July’21 Page: 358-361

Objective Granulomatous mastitis is a rare inflammatory condition of the breast clinically mimicking breast carcinoma and pyogenic abscess, thereby creating a diagnostic dilemma. Tuberculous mastitis is a rare clinical entity accounting for approximately 3% of all mammary lesions. All cases of granulomatous mastitis diagnosed cytologically over a period of 3 years were evaluated to ascertain the cases with tuberculous etiology. Material and method Fine needle aspiration cytology of the breast lump was performed and all the cytological parameters were evaluated. Wherever histopathology was available, the diagnosis was confirmed on Hematoxylin & Eosin stained sections and the Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) stain was applied. Results A total of 10 cases of granulomatous mastitis were diagnosed on cytology during the 3-year period. On cytological smears, four cases showed presence of ill-formed granulomas and one case had scattered epithelioid histiocytes; however, the rest of the cases had well-formed granulomas. Finally, four out of ten cases were labeled as tuberculous mastitis based on the ZN stain/Tuberculosis-Polymerase chain reaction (TB-PCR) and the other six cases were granulomatous mastitis. Conclusion Cytology plays a significant role in the diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis. This study re-emphasizes the role of the cytopathologist in the accurate and early diagnosis of these lesions so that unnecessary surgery can be avoided, and also highlights the fact that all granulomatous mastitis cases are not tuberculous.

Objective: As fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the primary tool for evaluation of breast lesions, it is essential to segregate lesions with low and high risk of malignancy. To address this, Masood proposed a cytological scoring system for categorization, Masood’s Scoring Index (MSI), which was modified later (Modified Masood’s Scoring Index [MMSI]). This study analyses the effectiveness of MMSI over MSI and assesses the concordance between cytological scoring and histopathology. Study Design: All breast FNACs over a period of 2 years were categorized based on MSI and MMSI by 2 reviewers independently. The agreement rate along with specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy were calculated. Correlation and concordance analyses between cytological and histopathological categories were conducted. Results and Discussion: Out of 415 cases of breast FNACs, histopathology was available for 310 for which MSI and MMSI were evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy were 95, 100, 100, 97.6 and 98.3%, respectively. The difference between the concordance rate of MSI and of MMSI for various cytological categories was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: MMSI has a better concordance with histopathological diagnosis than MSI. MMSI can serve as a uniform standardized scoring system for breast cytology for better categorization of proliferative breast diseases.

Primary malignant spindle cell tumors are rare constituting 1.0% of breast malignancies. Spindle cell lesions occurring in soft tissues can occur in breast with overlapping morphologies. It can present as benign lesion and have inconclusive cytological findings, so easily missed if not properly dealt with. Stromal sarcoma should be diagnosed only after thorough sectioning and negative staining for p63, broad spectrum, and high molecular weight keratin. We present a case of right breast lump. Cytological features revealed fibro histiocytic lesion. There were no areas of necrosis, hemorrhage, or calcification. Histopathologically, it showed partially encapsulated tumor with cells arranged in sheets, composed of oval to epithelioid cells with spindling at places with moderate pleomorphism (mitotic activity 6–7/10 hpf). Differential diagnosis of primary stromal sarcoma, metaplastic sarcoma, and phyllodes was made. Immunohistochemistry revealed vimentin positivity with focal positivity of S-100. Desmin, cytokeratin and smooth muscle actin, p63, ER, PR, and Her2-neu were negative. A final diagnosis of primary breast sarcoma of neural origin was established with the help of histopathology and immunohistochemistry. To conclude, it is of utmost importance to identify primary stromal sarcomas as they are known to spread very rapidly and have a poor prognosis.

The study of network representations of physical, biological, and social phenomena can help us better understand their structure and functional dynamics as well as formulate predictive models of these phenomena. However, due to the scarcity of real-world network data owing to factors such as cost and effort required in collection of network data and the sensitivity of this data towards theft and misuse, engineers and researchers often rely on synthetic data for simulations, hypothesis testing, decision making, and algorithm engineering. An important characteristic of infrastructure networks such as roads, water distribution and other utility systems is that they can be (almost fully) embedded in a plane, therefore to simulate these system we need realistic networks which are also planar. While the currently-available synthetic network generators can model networks that exhibit realism, they do not guarantee or achieve planarity. In this paper we present a flexible algorithm that can synthesize realistic networks that are planar. The method follows a multi-scale randomized editing approach generating a hierarchy of coarsened networks of a given planar graph and introducing edits at various levels in the hierarchy. The method preserves the structural properties with minimal bias including the planarity of the network, while introducing realistic variability at multiple scales. Reproducibility: All datasets and algorithm implementation presented in this work are available at https://bit.ly/2CjOUAS

As a growing number of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus are resistant to most antibiotics, new treatment options that are effective against these drug-resistant strains are desperately needed. The majority of the linkages in the cell wall peptidoglycan of M. abscessus are synthesized by nonclassical transpeptidases, namely, the l , d -transpeptidases. Emerging evidence suggests that these enzymes represent a new molecular vulnerability in this pathogen. Recent studies have demonstrated that inhibition of these enzymes by the carbapenem class of β-lactams determines their activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Here, we studied the interactions of β-lactams with two l , d -transpeptidases in M. abscessus , namely, Ldt Mab1 and Ldt Mab2 , and found that both the carbapenem and cephalosporin, but not penicillin, subclasses of β-lactams inhibit these enzymes. Contrary to the commonly held belief that combination therapy with β-lactams is redundant, doripenem and cefdinir exhibit synergy against both pansusceptible M. abscessus and clinical isolates that are resistant to most antibiotics, which suggests that dual-β-lactam therapy has potential for the treatment of M. abscessus . Finally, we solved the first crystal structure of an M. abscessus l , d -transpeptidase, Ldt Mab2 , and using substitutions of critical amino acids in the catalytic site and computational simulations, we describe the key molecular interactions between this enzyme and β-lactams, which provide an insight into the molecular basis for the relative efficacy of different β-lactams against M. abscessus .

Primary neuroendocrine tumours of the cervix are extremely rare, with an incidence of only 0.5–1%; as such, these entities can present a clinical and diagnostic challenge. Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the cervix are highly aggressive tumours that have a tendency to metastasise. We report a 44-year-old woman who presented to the Gynaecology Clinic of the Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College & Hospital, Faridabad, India, in 2016 with menorrhagia. Based on a clinical examination, she was provisionally diagnosed with a cervical fibroid. However, a biopsy revealed features of a small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix which was subsequently confirmed via immunohistochemistry. An accurate diagnosis of a neuroendocrine carcinoma is vital as it forms the basis for treatment decisions as well as informing predictions for long-term survival.

Nowadays, everyone in their life so stressed that the person is mentally not well. Generally, people do not want to seek out the eternal solution for it. People go for an immediate solution so that they can easily find an answer for his or her illnesses or issue. Mostly, people choose drugs, so instantly can either disregard or can ignore the emotions of oneself during that issue. Drug abuse is not only a crucial public health issue in India but also worldwide. Z-drugs are currently new for the criminals to use for the various criminal acts, which will incorporate child abuse, drug-facilitated sexual assaults (DFSA), and various other crimes. The Z-drugs like zolpidem, zopiclone, and zaleplon hailed because of the innovative hypnotics, an improvement to standard benzodiazepines in the management of a sleeping disorder. Z-drugs have critical mesmerizing impacts by diminishing rest idleness and improving sleep quality; however, the span of sleep might not substantially be expanded. Improper prescribing is another method of controlled drug diversion. This problem differs from doctor shopping and prescription fraud; therein, the latter situations involve abusers attempting to deceive or mislead those medical professionals who are doing their jobs responsibly. Presently, sexual abuse is being worked out in many various ways, and every person in public or offenders knows that if some suspicious item utilized, they can effectively be caught. In this way, sedative-hypnotic currently Z-drugs are accessible and can be utilized for abuse, and nobody will be able to recognize the mans-rea of an individual, whether the person could be a close relative or a stranger. The objective of this work is to meticulously study the Z-drugs and their use and abuse in society. Z-drugs are modern-day replacement of benzodiazepines, which are somewhere being utilized illegally, which could be a considerable concern nationwide.

Background: Uterine leiomyoma with lymphoid infiltration is an extremely rare variant of leiomyoma. To the best of our knowledge, only 20 cases have been reported till date in the literature. Pathogenesis of this entity is not very clear. The various hypotheses which have been proposed to explain the etiopathogenesis include reactive alterations due to intrauterine pessaries, hormonal therapy or immune response dysregulation.Case report: We hereby report a case of a 44 year old female who presented with abnormal uterine bleeding. A small intramural leiomyoma was found which on pathological examination turned out to be leiomyoma with lymphoid infiltration.Conclusions: The importance of recognition this peculiar histological variant is to avoid possible misinterpretation as malignant lymphoma, inflammatory pseudotumororpyomyoma. In our case the lymphoid infiltration was reactive which was confirmed on immunohistochemistryInternational Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 03 July’19. Page: 162-164

Altun, Ishak/0000-0002-7967-0554 WOS: 000423212100006 The aim of this paper is to inaugurate power graphic (F, psi)-contraction pair and to establish fixed point results for such mappings defined on partial b-metric spaces endowed with a graph. It is mentioning that, first time, we launch a class of fixed point results in the frame of partial b-metric spaces involving a graph. Results of this paper extend and generalize known results from metric, partial metric, and partial b-metric spaces in partial b-metric spaces with a graph. Further, appropriate examples are presented to emphasize the utility of the obtained results. At the end, an attempt to correlate the given work with application is turned out as solution for an integral equation.

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (Ca ex PA) is a malignant neoplasm arising from primary or recurrent benign pleomorphic adenoma. It is rare with an annual incidence rate of 0.17 tumors per million. Histopathology remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of Ca ex PA, with only a handful of cases reported on cytology. In our case a 66-year-old male presented with the right parotid mass for 5 years rapidly increasing for the last 3 months. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears showed malignant tumor cells in clusters along with benign myoepithelial cells in chondromyxoid background. Histopathologically, highly pleomorphic malignant epithelial cells in sheets along with foci of comedonecrosis and areas corresponding to benign pleomorphic adenoma were observed on careful scrutiny. Immunohistochemistry revealed positivity for cytokeratin (CK 7) and gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15) while CK5/6 and high molecular weight CK (34 βE12) were negative in the malignant tumor cells. So, the final impression was Ca ex PA with salivary duct carcinoma as malignant component. We hereby report this case to highlight the significance of FNAC in the diagnosis of Ca ex PA which can be easily missed on cytopathology. However, it is important to corroborate the cytological findings with clinical suspicion of malignancy as well as radiology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:651-654. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common problem affecting the women of reproductive age group and may also have a significant impact on their physical, social, and emotional aspects directly affecting their quality of life. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) devised a universally acceptable system of nomenclature and classification, namely PALM–COEIN classification of AUB in the year 2011. The objective of the present study was to analyze the structural (PALM) and functional (COEIN) component of FIGO system in the Indian scenario. Materials and Methods: Three hundred patients with complaints of AUB were taken. A clinical diagnosis according to PALM–COEIN system was made after thorough history and clinical examination. Additional investigations if required were done, and endometrial sampling or hysterectomy was done whichever indicated. A histological diagnosis was made, and each case was allocated a category according to PALM–COEIN classification. A clinicopathological correlation was done in the hysterectomy cases for structural causes (PALM). Results: Leiomyoma (30%) was the most common cause of AUB closely followed by adenomyosis (29.66%) overall. The clinicopathological correlation in hysterectomy cases was good with concordance rate of 85.03%. The concordance between clinical and pathological diagnoses for AUB-L, AUB-A, AUB-M, and AUB-A, L was statistically significant with P < 05 in positive cases. However, additional finding of adenomyosis was diagnosed in 48.2% of the cases apart from primary clinical diagnosis. Conclusion: A good clinicopathological correlation was seen in the cases when classified according to PALM–COEIN classification. The system also provides for consideration of multiple etiologies contributing toward AUB both clinically and histopathologically. However, histopathology remains the cornerstone in establishing the accurate diagnosis as the cases without specific symptoms can be missed clinically.

Leprosy has ceased to be a public health problem world wide, after the successful implementation of effective chemotherapy (MDT) and use of control measures. However, new cases of leprosy continue to occur. Mycobacterium leprae cannot be grown in any acceptable culture medium and besides the wild armadillos, there is no known animal reservoir for leprosy. The transmission of leprosy is believed to be due to a large extent by droplet discharge of bacilli through nose and mouth and to a lesser extent by direct contact of susceptible host with a patient for long duration. The exact role of the environment in the transmission dynamics is still speculative. In the present study, we have tried to detect viable M. leprae from soil samples in endemic areas by using molecular methods. Eighty soil samples were collected from villages of this area, DNA and RNA of M. leprae extracted and identified using specific M. leprae primers. PCR amplification was done and real-time RT-PCR was used to detect viable M. leprae. DNA targeting the 16S region of M. leprae was detected in 37.5%, whereas M. leprae RNA targeting the same region was detected in 35% of these samples. Of the total 80 samples, 40 were collected from residential areas of leprosy patients whereas 40 samples were from no-patient areas. Fifty-five percent positivity for 16S rRNA of M. leprae was observed from the "patient" area in comparison to 15% positivity from the "no-patient" area (p < 0.001). This study thus provides valuable information of presence of viable M. leprae in soil specimens, which would be of use in investigating the transmission dynamics in leprosy.

This study is an attempt to generate genetic database for endogamous population of Rajputs of Delhi India Genetic polymorphism at eleven Short Tandem Repeat STR loci F A FESFPS vWA D S D S D S HPRTB F B CSF PO TH and TPOX was examined in unrelated Rajputs individuals to evaluate their significance in human identification There was no evidence for departures from HWE P gt at all loci except locus HPRTB All the loci showed high polymorphism with great power of exclusion The combined matching probability MP of the eleven STR system was x indicating that the system has a much stronger inter individual discriminating power The eleven loci showed a combined power of discrimination PD of The data suggests that these loci are useful for identity testing forensics and for solving paternity cases among the Rajput population in Delhi India

Background: Lamellar bodies are present in amniotic fluid and their quantity increases with increased gestational age. Preterm premature rupture of the membranes (P-PROM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy and is a major cause of preterm deliveries and thus the important cause of RDS. Fetal pulmonary maturity can be assessed by direct or indirect measurement of surfactant phospholipids secreted by the fetal lungs into amniotic fluid. Lamellar body count (LBC) has been introduced as an alternative to other methods.Methods: The study’s prime aim is to establish LBC as a predictor of RDS in P-PROM. We included pregnant women with P-PROM and gestational age between 28 weeks and 37 weeks and singleton live pregnancy. The lamellar body counting from amniotic fluid was done with the use of a standard hematology cell counter, sysmex KX-21. There was statistically significant co-relation between lamellar body count and period of gestation (by applying ANOVA).Results: Lamellar body counts were significantly less in cases of RDS as compared to non RDS cases.Conclusions: LBC count was selected among all other tests because the test can be performed with equipment found in most clinical analysis laboratories and is reliable in predicting fetal lung maturity.

Background: Thalassemia can easily be prevented by awareness, education, screening, premarital genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis. There are only a handful of articles on knowledge and awareness about thalassemia among general population or parents of thalassaemic children. Aims and objectives was to evaluate the level of awareness, knowledge and attitudes of medical students towards thalassemia as well as to analyse the differences if any between the first year and second year MBBS students and their correlation with various socio-demographic parameters.Methods: This was an institutional based cross sectional observational descriptive study regarding knowledge and attitude of first and second year MBBS students about thalassemia using a pre-designed, structured, self-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 17. Values of p

The simultaneous separation of fluoride, phosphates and triclosan ions (F − , PO 4 3− , P 2 O 7 4− , Cl 2 H 7 C 13 O 2 ) in a dentifrice formulation using a coupled ion chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography system is described. The anion species are separated from the other components of a given dentifrice formulation using a Dionex IonPac AS11 (250 × 4.0 mm) analytical column. A sodium hydroxide (200 m M to 100% water) gradient mobile phase is used to elute the fluoride and phosphate species from the column within 7 min using a Dionex Anion Self-Regenerating Suppressor (ASRS-I 4 mm). The separation of anions and triclosan was carried out using a two-mobile phase system that simultaneously injected a 15-μl sample into the 200 m M NaOH to 100% water ion chromatography gradient system as well as a 10-μl sample into the water-acetonitrile (40:60) isocratic HPLC system. The anion species are then quantitated using a conductometric detector (0–30μS). Triclosan is separated from the other components of the dentifrice formulation using a Waters Nova- Pak C 18 , 4 μm, 150 × 3.9 mm HPLC column. A water-acetonitrile (40:60) mobile phase is used to elute the triclosan from the column within 6 min. The triclosan analyte is then quantitated using ultraviolet detection at 280 nm and 0.005 AUFS. All analytes are quantitated using the Dionex AI-450 chromatography software program (release 3.30).