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Introduction: correlates of physical activity (PA) have not been explored in adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). Understanding correlates of PA could provide information to develop strategies to increase levels of PA in this target population. Objective: the aim of this study was to identify potential correlates of PA in adolescents with DS. Method: information about levels of PA and their potential correlates was collected in 98 adolescents with DS (63 males, aged 11-20 years) using accelerometers and proxy-reported questionnaires. Analysis of covariance and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine correlates of PA. Result: our findings showed that participant's age and socioeconomic status were associated with levels of PA as non-modifiable correlates. Also, parental support, father PA, television-viewing time with siblings and with friends were associated with levels of PA as modifiable correlates. Discussion and conclusion: both modifiable and non-modifiable factors are associated with levels of PA in adolescents with DS. Therefore, a better understanding of correlates of PA could contribute to develop strategies on PA promotion in adolescents with DS.

Introduction: Previous studies suggest that the physical environment is associated with youth physical activity levels. Objective: The present study aimed at assessing the reliability and validity of an adapted version of the ALPHA environmental questionnaire (short version) to adults for application with Spanish youth. Methods: The reliability was evaluated in a sample (n = 190, 80 girls, 14.08 ± 1.38 years) using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Weighted kappa. In other sample (n = 140, 61 girls, 13.03 ± 1.40 years) the validity was assessed using the Spearman correlation (rho) for its association with self-reported and objective (accelerometers) physical activity (PA). Results: The test-retest reliability showed ICC = 0.69 for the total questionnaire score, ranging from κ = 0.42 to 0.77 for individual items. The total score showed significant correlations with PA reported by PACE questionnaire (rho = 0.18, p = 0.040), the Finnish Physical Activity Index (rho = 0.26, p = 0.002) and active commuting for girls (rho = 0.34, p = 0.010), as well as vigorous PA measured by accelerometry (rho = 0.18, p = 0.038). Discussion: The adapted version of the ALPHA environmental questionnaire has moderate to good reliability and acceptable validity to assess environmental factors that may influence PA in youth. Introducción: Estudios anteriores sugieren que el entorno físico está asociado con los niveles de actividad física de la juventud. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar la fiabilidad y validez de una versión adaptada del cuestionario ambiental ALPHA de adultos (versión corta) para su aplicación en población juvenil española. Métodos: La fiabilidad del cuestionario se evaluó en una muestra (n=190; 80 chicas; 14.08±1.38 años) mediante el Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase (CCI) y el índice Kappa ponderado. En otra muestra (n=140; 61 chicas; 13.03±1.40 años), se evaluó la validez del cuestionario mediante la asociación con la actividad física (AF), tanto autoreportada como medida con acelerometría, a través de la correlación de Spearman (rho). Resultados: La fiabilidad test-retest mostró un CCI = 0.69 para la puntuación total del cuestionario, y un coeficiente Kappa de κ = 0.42 a 0.77 en los ítems individuales. La puntuación total mostró correlaciones significativas con la AF autoreportada mediante el cuestionario PACE (rho = 0.18; p = 0.040), el Índice Finlandés de Actividad Física (IFAF) (rho = 0.26, p = 0.002) y el transporte activo (rho = 0.34, p = 0.010 en chicas), así como con la AF vigorosa medida con acelerometría (rho = 0.18; p = 0.038). Discusión: La versión adaptada del cuestionario ambiental ALPHA, presenta una fiabilidad de moderada a buena y una aceptable validez para evaluar los factores ambientales que pueden influir en la práctica de AF de los jóvenes.

Introduction: Previous studies suggest that the physical environment is associated with youth physical activity levels. Objective: The present study aimed at assessing the reliability and validity of an adapted version of the ALPHA environmental questionnaire (short version) to adults for application with Spanish youth. Methods: The reliability was evaluated in a sample (n = 190, 80 girls, 14.08 ± 1.38 years) using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Weighted kappa. In other sample (n = 140, 61 girls, 13.03 ± 1.40 years) the validity was assessed using the Spearman correlation (rho) for its association with self-reported and objective (accelerometers) physical activity (PA). Results: The test-retest reliability showed ICC = 0.69 for the total questionnaire score, ranging from κ = 0.42 to 0.77 for individual items. The total score showed significant correlations with PA reported by PACE questionnaire (rho = 0.18, p = 0.040), the Finnish Physical Activity Index (rho = 0.26, p = 0.002) and active commuting for girls (rho = 0.34, p = 0.010), as well as vigorous PA measured by accelerometry (rho = 0.18, p = 0.038). Discussion: The adapted version of the ALPHA environmental questionnaire has moderate to good reliability and acceptable validity to assess environmental factors that may influence PA in youth.

Introduction: "Obesity" is considered a feature of youth with DS but whether "low physical fitness" is also a feature is unknown. Objective: The aim of this case-control study was to compare the levels of fatness and fitness in adolescents with and without DS. Methods: Participants included 17 (5 girls) adolescents with DS aged 12-18 years and a control group of 94 (45 girls) adolescents without DS aged 12-16 years. The ALPHA health-related fitness test battery for children and adolescents was selected to assess fatness and fitness in both groups. Results: There were no differences in levels of fatness between groups (all P > 0.27). Adolescents with DS had lower levels of fitness in all the tests than adolescents without DS (all P < 0.001). Conclusion: Adolescents with DS have similar levels of fatness and lower levels of fitness than their peers without DS. Introducción: La obesidad es considerada una característica de los jóvenes con SD, sin embargo se desconoce si la "baja condición física" también lo es. Objetivo: Comparar los niveles de obesidad y condición física en adolescentes con y sin SD. Métodos: Participaron 17 adolescentes (5 niñas) con SD de 12 a 18 años y un grupo control de 94 (45 niñas) adolescentes sin SD de 12-16 años de edad. La batería de condición física ALPHA relacionada con la salud para niños y adolescentes fue seleccionada para evaluar la obesidad y la condición física en ambos grupos. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias en los niveles de obesidad entre grupos (P > 0,27). Los adolescentes con SD tuvieron niveles más bajos de condición física en todos los test en comparación con los adolescentes sin SD (P < 0,001). Conclusión: Los adolescentes con SD tienen niveles similares de obesidad y menores de condición física que sus compañeros sin SD.