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51. Determination of continuous neutron energy spectra for dosimetric purposes

Author

R, Schmidt, W, Scobel, R, Sittig, and M, Bormann

Subjects
Neutrons, Radiation Dosage, Mathematics
Abstract

The energy distribution of 3H(d, n)4He neutrons from a neutron therapy facility has been studied in different depths in a lucite phantom with two methods. Thin foils of 8 different target materials with well-known excitation functions and reaction thresholds between 1.8 and 12.6 MeV for the reactions to be observed have been activated. Secondly, recoil proton spectra have been measured with a small stilbene crystal. In both cases neutron energy spectra have been determined with unfolding methods. The two techniques are compared with respect to the application in neutron dosimetry and for monitoring purposes in neutron therapy.

Published
1979

52. The CELSIUS/WASA detector facility

Author

Janusz Zabierowski, C. Bargholtz, D. Bogoslawsky, A. Bondar, H. Cal?n, H. Clement, L. Demir?rs, C. Ekstr?m, K. Fransson, C.-J. Frid?n, M. Gornov, V. Grebenev, J. Greiff, Y. Gurov, L. Gustafsson, B. H?istad, G. Ivanov, M. Jacewicz, E. Jiganov, A. Johansson, T. Johansson, S. Keleta, K. Kilian, N. Kimura, I. Koch, S. Kullander, A. Kupsc, L. Kurdadze, A. Kuzmin, A. Kuznetsov, P. Marciniewsk, B. Morosov, A. Nawrot, B. M. K. Nefkens, W. Oelert, S. Oreshkin, C. Pauly, Y. Petukhov, A. Povtorejko, J. P?tzold, D. Reistad, R. J. M. Y. Ruber, V. Sandukovsky, W. Scobel, T. Sefzick, R. Shafigullin, V. Sidorov, B. Shwartz, V. Sopov, J. Stepaniak, A. Sukhanov, V. Tchernychev, P-E. Tegn?r, P. Th?rngren Engblom, V. Tikhomirov, A. Turowiecki, G. Wagner, U. Wiedner, K. Wilhelmsen, Z. Wilhelmi, A. Yamamoto, H. Yamaoka, J. Zabierowski, and J. Zlomanczuk

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Degree Celsius, Detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Condensed Matter Physics, Mathematical Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Storage ring
Abstract

The 4π multidetector system for investigation of η-meson rare decays at the Uppsala CELSIUS storage ring is presented. A detailed description of the design, and achieved performance parameters is given.

53. A MEASUREMENT OF MULTI-JET RATES IN DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING AT HERA

Author

M. Schulz, M. Nyberg, Paul Newman, J. Harjes, T. Jansen, W. Hildesheim, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, S. Willard, G. Rädel, K. C. Hoeger, M. Korn, J. Garvey, B. Kuznik, V. Riech, C. A. Meyer, A. M. Fomenko, M. Winde, J. Feltesse, M. Arpagaus, Ph. Huet, Ch. Pichler, G. Weber, Armen Vartapetian, U. Straumann, C. Zeitnitz, M. Hapke, L. Johnson, Dave Sankey, P. Fuhrmann, R. L. Lander, H. Bärwolff, K. Rauschnabel, Wolfgang Lange, S. Levonian, J. M. Foster, R. C. W. Henderson, Daniel Johnson, J. Duboc, B. Stella, A. Rostovtsev, H. Greif, M. Rudowicz, I. Abt, E. Binder, N. Huot, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, R. Prosi, L. Goerlich, E. Evrard, Jean-Arcady Meyer, J. Gayler, M. Savitsky, G. D. Patel, W. Scobel, Max Klein, R. Gerhards, J. Turnau, K. Johannsen, Christophe Royon, Kerstin Borras, A. Semenov, E. Sanchez, E. Malinovski, M. Kuhlen, G. Grindhammer, P. E. Reimer, H. Meyer, S. Kermiche, K. Flamm, S. Eichenberger, A. Mavroidis, M. Steenbock, J. Cvach, B. Andrieu, David Schmidt, Th. Wolff, F. Linsel, J. Moreels, G. Siegmon, P. A. Smirnov, Alan Campbell, E. M. Hanlon, G. G. Winter, A. Wegner, Daniel Pitzl, D. Lüers, Pavel Staroba, R. Kaschowitz, D. Handschuh, J. Žáček, H. Ziaeepour, J. Kurzhöfer, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, H. Krehbiel, P. Steffen, F. Moreau, J. Hladký, N. Magnussen, J. Heatherington, C. Niebuhr, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, A. Valkárová, S. Riess, V. Nagovizin, A. W. E. Dann, P. I. P. Kalmus, N. Sahlmann, T. R. Ebert, P. Verrecchia, F. Brasse, H. Shooshtari, J. V. Morris, Winston Ko, W. von Schlippe, D. Feeken, G. Buschhorn, A. Jacholkowska, A. Fedotov, W. Schmitz, Günter Flügge, H. T. Phillips, J. P. Kubenka, P. Hill, J. Bán, H. Spitzer, E. Barrelet, T. Merz, Stephen Maxfield, C. Pascaud, Guenter Eckerlin, R. Vick, P. Biddulph, R. Ebbinghaus, D. Newton, V. Schröder, S. D. Kolya, S. Reinshagen, M. A. Jabiol, T. P. Yiou, E. Vogel, Y. Soloviev, Gregorio Bernardi, S. Prell, Anton Babaev, Nicolas Ellis, André Schöning, H. H. Kaufmann, A. B. Clegg, Andrew Mehta, C. Kiesling, Ch. Berger, Eckhard Elsen, M. Forbush, J. Riedlberger, S. Kasarian, Karlheinz Meier, N. Gogitidze, H. P. Wellisch, C. Thiebaux, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, A. Schwind, I. F. Fensome, U. Bassler, R. J. Ellison, J. Strachota, B. Delcourt, L. Büngener, S. Mani, Leith Godfrey, Michel Devel, Vincent Hedberg, G. Knies, A. De Roeck, Richard E. Taylor, R. Langkau, Mario David, T. Carli, H. U. Martyn, V. Milone, U. Stösslein, I. W. Walker, K. Rybicki, I. Herynek, Dusan Bruncko, R. Bernet, H. P. Beck, Stephen Burke, A. Lebedev, S. Egli, L. Urban, T. Kurča, M. Ruffer, B. Naroska, S. Orenstein, F. Ferrarotto, H. Genzel, A. Lindner, R. Nisius, L.A. Womersley, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, Grzegorz Nowak, C. Jacobsson, Peter Loch, M. Rietz, D. Haidt, L. N. Shtarkov, G. W. Noyes, P. Lanius, P. Ribarics, T. Greenshaw, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, R. Felst, J.P. Phillips, Volker Blobel, A. Walther, C. Leverenz, R. Eichler, C. Keuker, Rosario Martín, J. Ferencei, J. Ebert, C. Schmidt, P. Dingus, U. Braun, R. D. Appuhn, Leif J. Jönsson, P. Van Esch, M. Flieser, W. Zimmermann, M. Vecko, L. Del Buono, J. Stier, V. Andreev, M. Fleischer, J. Haack, Didier Lacour, D. Mercer, M. Eberle, J. P. Sutton, Claus Kleinwort, J. R. Smith, I. O. Skillicorn, H. B. Dreis, F. Charles, J. Marks, G. Heinzelmann, F. Ould-Saada, H. Lohmander, V. Tchernyshov, Y. Vazdik, L.R. West, V. Korbel, U. Kathage, I. Sheviakov, R. Herma, O. Hamon, E. Eisenhandler, W. Pilgram, G. Villet, Ch. Ley, S. Masson, Pierre Marage, U. Krüger, Peter Robmann, M. Gennis, M. Colombo, J. Martens, A. Bischoff, V. Brisson, F. Kole, S. Dagoret, Yves Sirois, B. Schwab, H. Küster, H. Bergstein, L. Smolik, U. Seehausen, G. Lindström, Murrough Landon, A. E. Wright, Th. Naumann, Petr Zavada, C. Gruber, H. Duhm, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, P. C. Bosetti, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, Pavel Murin, H. Grässler, J. D. Dowell, A. Courau, W. Flauger, J. Lipinski, M. Ibbotson, E. Gabathuler, E. Deffur, H. K. Nguyen, P. Kostka, O. Dünger, G. Franke, S. A. Murray, Laurent Favart, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, C. Dollfus, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, H. Itterbeck, S. Peters, Ulrich Goerlach, P. Goritchev, Martin Erdmann, U. Obrock, F. Niebergall, K. Gamerdinger, D. Neyret, G. Thompson, Steve McMahon, W.D. Dau, J. B. Dainton, A. Drescher, D. Düllmann, Claire Bourdarios, H. Henschel, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, G. Cozzika, F. Eisele, Stefan Valkar, Hannes Jung, C. Vallée, T. Ahmed, P. Baranov, Peter Schleper, Marc Besancon, A.S. Belousov, Sergey Rusakov, P. Truöl, I. Tichomirov, H. Hufnagel, C.D. Hilton, Mikhail Danilov, D. Lewin, R. Roosen, J. Martyniak, Frank Raupach, B. Fominykh, A. Buniatian, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, Emmanuel Monnier, Eckhart Fretwurst, S. M. Robertson, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, N. Wulff, V. Efremenko, P. Kasselmann, S. Mikocki, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, F. W. Büsser, G. Bertrand-Coremans, W. Braunschweig, R. Sell, I. R. Kenyon, L. Criegee, J. Formánek, U. Siewert, M. Zimmer, Vincent Boudry, Jean-Francois Laporte, A. Gellrich, F. Lamarche, Hermann Kolanoski, D. Clarke, John A Coughlan, Horst Oberlack, and A. Usik

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Momentum transfer, Elementary particle, HERA, Electron, Deep inelastic scattering, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), Event generator
Abstract

Multi-jet production is observed in deep-inelastic electron proton scattering with the H1 detector at HERA. Jet rates for momentum transfers squared up to 500 GeV2 are determined using the JADE jet clustering algorithm. They are found to be in agreement with predictions from QCD based models.

56. Double-pionic fusion of nuclear systems and the "ABC" effect: approaching a puzzle by exclusive and kinematically complete measurements.

Author

Bashkanov M, Bargholtz C, Berłowski M, Bogoslawsky D, Calén H, Clement H, Demiroers L, Doroshkevich E, Duniec D, Ekström C, Fransson K, Geren L, Gustafsson L, Höistad B, Ivanov G, Jacewicz M, Jiganov E, Johansson T, Khakimova O, Keleta S, Koch I, Kren F, Kullander S, Kupść A, Lindberg K, Marciniewski P, Meier R, Morosov B, Pauly C, Pettersson H, Petukhov Y, Povtorejko A, Pricking A, Ruber RJ, Schönning K, Scobel W, Shwartz B, Skorodko T, Sopov V, Stepaniak J, Tegner PE, Thörngren-Engblom P, Tikhomirov V, Turowiecki A, Wagner GJ, Wolke M, Zabierowski J, Zartova I, and Złomanczuk J

Abstract

The ABC effect-a puzzling low-mass enhancement in the pipi invariant mass spectrum, first observed by Abashian, Booth, and Crowe-is well known from inclusive measurements of two-pion production in nuclear fusion reactions. Here we report on the first exclusive and kinematically complete measurements of the most basic double-pionic fusion reaction pn-->dpi;{0}pi;{0} at beam energies of 1.03 and 1.35 GeV. The measurements, which have been carried out at CELSIUS-WASA, reveal the ABC effect to be a (pipi)_{I=L=0} channel phenomenon associated with both a resonancelike energy dependence in the integral cross section and the formation of a DeltaDelta system in the intermediate state. A corresponding simple s-channel resonance ansatz provides a surprisingly good description of the data.

Published
2009
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57. Measurement of spin-correlation parameters ANN, ASS, and ASL at 2.1 GeV in proton-proton elastic scattering.

Author

Bauer F, Bisplinghoff J, Büsser K, Busch M, Colberg T, Demirörs L, Dahl C, Eversheim PD, Eyser O, Felden O, Gebel R, Greiff J, Hinterberger F, Jonas E, Krause H, Lehmann C, Lindlein J, Maier R, Meinerzhagen A, Pauly C, Prasuhn D, Rohdjess H, Rosendaal D, von Rossen P, Schirm N, Scobel W, Ulbrich K, Weise E, Wolf T, and Ziegler R

Abstract

At the Cooler Synchrotron COSY/Jülich spin-correlation parameters in elastic proton-proton (pp) scattering have been measured with a 2.11 GeV polarized proton beam and a polarized hydrogen atomic beam target. We report results for A(NN), A(SS), and A(SL) for c.m. scattering angles between 30 degrees and 90 degrees. Our data on A(SS)--the first measurement of this observable above 800 MeV--clearly disagrees with predictions of available pp scattering phase-shift solutions while A(NN) and A(SL) are reproduced reasonably well. We show that in the direct reconstruction of the scattering amplitudes from the body of available pp elastic scattering data at 2.1 GeV the number of possible solutions is considerably reduced.

Published
2003
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58. Exclusive measurement of the pp --> pppi(+)pi(-) reaction near threshold.

Author

Brodowski W, Bilger R, Calén H, Clement H, Ekström C, Fransson K, Greiff J, Häggström S, Höistad B, Johanson J, Johansson A, Johansson T, Kilian K, Kullander S, Kupść A, Marciniewski P, Morosov B, Oelert W, Pätzold J, Ruber RJ, Schepkin M, Scobel W, Seluzhenkov I, Stepaniak J, Sukhanov A, Turowiecki A, Wagner GJ, Wilhelmi Z, Zabierowski J, and Zlomanczuk J

Abstract

The pp-->pp pi(+) pi(-) reaction has been measured exclusively near threshold at CELSIUS. The total cross sections are nearly an order of magnitude lower than expected from previous inclusive measurements. The differential cross sections reveal pp-->pp(*)(1440)-->pp sigma = pp(pi(+)pi(-))(I = l = 0) as the dominant process as well as significant contributions from p(*)-->Delta(++)pi(-)-->psigma. The observed anisotropy in the proton angular dependence is consistent with heavy-meson exchange. In the invariant mass spectra, no narrow structures of statistical relevance (3sigma) are found.

Published
2002
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60. BNCT as a boost for fast neutron therapy?

Author

Lüdemann L, Matzen T, Schmidt R, and Scobel W

Subjects
Algorithms, Cell Survival radiation effects, Humans, Mathematics, Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Fast Neutrons, Neoplasms radiotherapy, Radiotherapy, High-Energy methods
Abstract

The thermal neutron flux in a fast neutron therapy treatment unit is measured by a small ionization chamber coated inside with boron (10B). These measurements are compared with calculations of the thermal neutron flux made by a pencil beam algorithm, which can be used as a first approximation for treatment therapy planning. The additional dose for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) as a boost in a 14 MeV neutron generator is calculated from the measured thermal neutron flux.

Published
1996
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61. Determination of the thermal neutron flux in a fast neutron beam by use of a boron-coated ionization chamber.

Author

Lüdemann L, Matzen T, Matzke M, Schmidt R, and Scobel W

Subjects
Biophysical Phenomena, Biophysics, Boron, Humans, Phantoms, Imaging, Radiotherapy Dosage, Radiotherapy, High-Energy instrumentation, Technology, Radiologic, Water, Fast Neutrons therapeutic use, Radiometry instrumentation
Abstract

The thermal neutron distribution in slow and fast neutron beams is usually determined using the foil activation method. In this work a small magnesium walled ionization chamber, in which the inner surface of the wall has been coated with 10B to increase the sensitivity for thermal neutrons, is used to estimate the thermal neutron component of the beam. After calibration and determination of the directional response in a thermal neutron beam a comparison with foil activation at different depths in water was performed to investigate the reliability of the ionization measurements. The chamber was used in a computer controlled water phantom to measure the depth and lateral distribution of the thermal neutron dose. With this arrangement two-dimensional scans of the thermal neutrons could be performed quickly and with high accuracy.

Published
1995
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74. Neutron and gamma spectroscopy for clinical dosimetry.

Author

Schmidt R, Magiera E, and Scobel W

Subjects
Gamma Rays, Humans, Neutrons, Radiotherapy Dosage, Radiotherapy methods, Spectrum Analysis methods
Abstract

Neutron and photon energy spectra were measured in different depths and lateral positions in tissue-equivalent phantoms exposed to a therapeutical 14.1 MeV neutron beam. Intensity weighted mass energy absorption coefficients were derived for application in ionization chamber dosimetry in mixed neutron-gamma fields. The resulting relative depth doses show that on the beam axis for depths in excess of 20 cm, gamma radiation contributes with more than 10% to the total dose; off the axis outside the direct beam neutron and gamma doses are comparable. The differences between these doses and those neglecting the spectra distribution increase with depth and with the distance from the beam axis.

Published
1980
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75. Determination of continuous neutron energy spectra for dosimetric purposes.

Author

Schmidt R, Scobel W, Sittig R, and Bormann M

Subjects
Mathematics, Radiation Dosage, Neutrons
Abstract

The energy distribution of 3H(d, n)4He neutrons from a neutron therapy facility has been studied in different depths in a lucite phantom with two methods. Thin foils of 8 different target materials with well-known excitation functions and reaction thresholds between 1.8 and 12.6 MeV for the reactions to be observed have been activated. Secondly, recoil proton spectra have been measured with a small stilbene crystal. In both cases neutron energy spectra have been determined with unfolding methods. The two techniques are compared with respect to the application in neutron dosimetry and for monitoring purposes in neutron therapy.

Published
1979

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