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54. A Diagnostic Tool for Identifying Immune Status to COVID-19

Author

K, Clarke, A, Stewart, E, Sinclair, Labeed F, Hughes M, and Dunn-Walters D

Abstract

During times of hospitalization, isolation and lockdown, the COVID-19 pandemic was and continues to be physically and mentally challenging to the global population. The necessity for a quick, easily adoptable, and relatively inexpensive tool to determine a person’s immune status to COVID-19 became increasingly urgent and relevant to everyday decisions. The 3DEP device, developed at the University of Surrey, is a machine which characterises the electrophysiological properties of cells using the phenomenon of dielectrophoresis. In a collaboration of researchers in FEPS and FHMS, we investigated whether the electrical properties of white blood cells, characterised by the 3DEP, could be used to differentiate individuals who had not been exposed to COVID-19 and those who had, either through infection or by vaccination. White blood cells were isolated from the whole blood of a total of 12 different donors, consisting of four donor cohorts: never had COVID (n=8), recovered from COVID (n=4), one vaccine dose (n=2) and two vaccine doses (n=2). Isolated cell samples were stimulated with the covid spike protein for three hours, after which their electrical properties were characterised using the 3DEP. On analysis of spectra generated by the 3DEP, a threshold value for one data point differentiated individuals who had and had not been exposed to COVID-19 with a sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 100%. However, limitations of this experiment include whether the difference in the electrophysiological properties of white blood cells were due to immune responses to the covid spike protein specifically, or non-specific interactions with a molecule in the buffer. Current experiments aim to investigate differences in the electrical properties of white blood cells when exposed to the buffer, the covid spike protein and a hepatitis B protein. This will determine if the difference in donor cohorts previously reported is a specific response to COVID-19 or not.

Published
2022
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61. Operator and Institutional Requirements for Transcatheter Mitral Valve Therapies in Australia: a CSANZ and ANZSCTS Position Statement.

Author

Muller D.W.M., Almeida A., Camuglia A., Walters D., Passage J., Scalia G.M., Bhindi R., Lo S., Bennetts J., Walton A., Muller D.W.M., Almeida A., Camuglia A., Walters D., Passage J., Scalia G.M., Bhindi R., Lo S., Bennetts J., and Walton A.

Abstract

This expert Position Statement is a description of the requirements for Accreditation for transcatheter mitral valve therapy (TMVT) in Australia. The requirements include the need for a multidisciplinary Heart Team review of individual cases, mandatory reporting of outcome data to a national TMVT Registry, and accreditation of individuals and institutions by the Conjoint Accreditation Committee, the assigned accreditation authority.Copyright © 2021 Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons (ANZSCTS) and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ)

Published
2022

62. Pandemic, Epidemic, Endemic: B Cell Repertoire Analysis Reveals Unique Anti-Viral Responses to SARS-CoV-2, Ebola and Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Author

Stewart, A, Sinclair, E, Ng, J, O'Hare, J, Page, A, Serangeli, I, Margreitter, C, Orsenigo, F, Longman, K, Frampas, C, Costa, C, Lewis, H, Kasar, N, Wu, B, Kipling, D, Openshaw, P, Chiu, C, Baillie, J, Scott, J, Semple, M, Bailey, M, Fraternali, F, Dunn-Walters, D, Stewart, Alexander, Sinclair, Emma, Ng, Joseph Chi-Fung, O'Hare, Joselli Silva, Page, Audrey, Serangeli, Ilaria, Margreitter, Christian, Orsenigo, Federica, Longman, Katherine, Frampas, Cecile, Costa, Catia, Lewis, Holly-May, Kasar, Nora, Wu, Bryan, Kipling, David, Openshaw, Peter Jm, Chiu, Christopher, Baillie, J Kenneth, Scott, Janet T, Semple, Malcolm G, Bailey, Melanie J, Fraternali, Franca, Dunn-Walters, Deborah K, Stewart, A, Sinclair, E, Ng, J, O'Hare, J, Page, A, Serangeli, I, Margreitter, C, Orsenigo, F, Longman, K, Frampas, C, Costa, C, Lewis, H, Kasar, N, Wu, B, Kipling, D, Openshaw, P, Chiu, C, Baillie, J, Scott, J, Semple, M, Bailey, M, Fraternali, F, Dunn-Walters, D, Stewart, Alexander, Sinclair, Emma, Ng, Joseph Chi-Fung, O'Hare, Joselli Silva, Page, Audrey, Serangeli, Ilaria, Margreitter, Christian, Orsenigo, Federica, Longman, Katherine, Frampas, Cecile, Costa, Catia, Lewis, Holly-May, Kasar, Nora, Wu, Bryan, Kipling, David, Openshaw, Peter Jm, Chiu, Christopher, Baillie, J Kenneth, Scott, Janet T, Semple, Malcolm G, Bailey, Melanie J, Fraternali, Franca, and Dunn-Walters, Deborah K

Abstract

Immunoglobulin gene heterogeneity reflects the diversity and focus of the humoral immune response towards different infections, enabling inference of B cell development processes. Detailed compositional and lineage analysis of long read IGH repertoire sequencing, combining examples of pandemic, epidemic and endemic viral infections with control and vaccination samples, demonstrates general responses including increased use of IGHV4-39 in both Zaire Ebolavirus (EBOV) and COVID-19 patient cohorts. We also show unique characteristics absent in Respiratory Syncytial Virus or yellow fever vaccine samples: EBOV survivors show unprecedented high levels of class switching events while COVID-19 repertoires from acute disease appear underdeveloped. Despite the high levels of clonal expansion in COVID-19 IgG1 repertoires there is a striking lack of evidence of germinal centre mutation and selection. Given the differences in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality with age, it is also pertinent that we find significant differences in repertoire characteristics between young and old patients. Our data supports the hypothesis that a primary viral challenge can result in a strong but immature humoral response where failures in selection of the repertoire risk off-target effects.

Published
2022

70. Changes in "Middle School Journal" Content Over 30 Years

Author

Bickmore, Dana L., Fiske, Angela G., Lowe, Cynthia L. Altman, Mullen, Timothy M., Paisley, Wendel L., Parker, Audra K., Pate, P. Elizabeth, Pinnow, Rachel J., Robinson, Donna M., Rogan, R. P., Stoner, Dawn A., Stratton, Pamela W., Torrence, Nicole L., and Walters, D. Bradford

Published
2003

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