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Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have become an important tool for investing in and developing public infrastructure and services. However, many developing countries have failed to attract sufficient private investment from the PPP market. This article uses data from 4,484 PPP projects across 130 developing countries to investigate if and how distinct types of government support can attract more private investment. Results showed that capital, revenue, and in-kind subsidies directly provided from governments attract more private capital, while indirect supports through government guarantee policies do not. The institutional quality of a country enhances the positive relationship between direct government support and private PPP investments. Further, risk allocation plays a mediating role between government supports and private investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governance plays a critical role in determining the success and failure of public–private partnerships (PPPs). We conducted a systematic review of case study literature on PPP governance and developed a governance framework consisting of 21 issues in four groups: institutional, organizational, contractual, and managerial. Then, we investigate the dynamics of governance issues, including the relative importance, interrelationships, and connections with PPP success and failure. Results suggest that PPPs should emphasize cooperation, trust, communication, capability, risk allocation and sharing, competition, and transparency in their governance. We also found that the governance practice of emphasizing dominant and direct factors and ignoring recessive and indirect ones has hindered PPPs' success. We conducted a systematic review of case study literature on PPP governance and developed a governance framework consisting 21 issues in 4 groups: institutional, organizational, contractual and managerial. Then, we investigate the dynamics of governance issues, including the relative importance, interrelationships, and connections with PPP success and failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public services have experienced a wave of privatisation reversal worldwide since 1990s. The debate about privatisation reversal has thus increased growing scholarly attention. To fully understand the reversal, this paper attempts to identify the reasons for reversal (why do actors engage in them), reveal the characteristics of reversal process (how does it happen), and evaluate the performance after reversal in urban bus transport field. The reversal of the privatised Shanghai public bus service was selected for illustration. The findings suggest that: (1) there exist various reversal reasons in different institutional environments, involving economic, political, and societal factors; (2) The reversal process is characterised by multi-actor interactions embedded in institutional environments; (3) The performance is improved after reversal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have become popular tools to deliver infrastructure and public services around the world. As an innovative public procurement approach, PPPs have drawn considerable attention from academic circles. In order to enhance our knowledge of PPPs, the authors conducted a systematic literature review of articles published in international journals of the Public Administration (PA) discipline. Four main topics in this discipline are identified by means of social network analysis, including PPP concept, risk sharing amongst PPP participants, the drivers of PPP adoption and PPP performance. Seven propositions about the four topics are summarized. Directions for future research are also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To report the surgical treatment of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia (CFD) with TP53 gene mutation., Methods: The patient was diagnosed with CFD by surgery at the age of 14 years. At the age of 35 years, the tumor recurred, and the patient took active treatment. The tumor was resected 4 times by neuroendoscopy due to recurrence in a short period. Meanwhile, genetic tests were performed on the patient. The patient's postoperative pathology indicated leiomyosarcoma and genetic testing indicated TP53 gene mutation., Results: Despite the active surgical treatment, the patient finally died of a malignant tumor. The prognosis of patients with CFD malignancy accompanied by TP53 gene mutation is poor, and its treatment is difficult., Conclusions: The prognostic benefit of surgical treatment for patients with CFD malignancy is limited. It is hoped that more genetic mutations will be identified and reported in patients with CFD malignancy, and long-term follow-up is necessary for patients with current fibrous dysplasia or CFD., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

This paper focuses on the study of the separation mechanism of oleanane and ursane pentacyclic triterpenoid isomers by a coordination chromatographic method. Based on the calculation analysis, beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and its derivatives were selected as the suitable agents. The experimental results showed that the resolution of madecassoside isomers with the addition of glucosyl-beta-cyclodextrin (Glu-beta-CD) to the mobile phase (11.95) was higher than that of the addition of beta-CD (9.61) or dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (DM-beta-CD) (9.89). The formation of 1:1 inclusion complexes was assumed. The apparent formation constants (K(F)) of pentacyclic triterpenes with beta-CD were determined by HPLC method. For asiaticoside-B, the K(F) value with the addition of Glu-beta-CD (2 534 L/mol) was larger than that with the addition of beta-CD (1 467 L/mol) or DM-beta-CD (1 373 L/mol). According to the infrared characteristic absorbing peaks and simulation, the methyl part of asiaticoside-B might enter into beta-CD cavity while the carbonyl group of asiaticoside-B might not enter into the cavity of beta-CD, and the large glycoside parts were kept outside, forming hydrogen-bond interaction with the exterior of beta-CD cavity. The results of the separation of oleanane and ursane pentacyclic triterpenoid isomers by coordination chromatography indicated that, the separation mechanism might be attributed to the steric differences (the place of methyl group in E cyclic), which lead to different chromatographic behaviors.