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Reading is an essential part of English learning and one of the basic elements of language proficiency. This paper proposes a joint analysis model based on multilayer perceptron, which uses an LSTM network model suitable for text processing. Using the BiLSTM network can obtain all the contexts before and after the current word and avoid the problems of gradient disappearance and gradient explosion that exist in ordinary recurrent neural networks. Two multilayer perceptrons are used, one for predicting lexical annotations and the other for predicting the relationship types of dependency arcs, and the model accuracy is further improved by continuously optimizing the parameters in the model. The English corpus is divided into a training set and a test set, and the prediction rate of the model in this paper reaches 96.02% in the English corpus. To test the effectiveness of this method for college English reading instruction, this model was implemented in the experimental class, while the traditional PWP teaching model was still used in the control class. The mean reading post-test score of the experimental class was 31.54, and the mean post-test score of the control class was 26.35. The mean reading post-test score of the experimental class was 7.7 points higher than the mean score of the pre-test. Therefore, the method in this paper is effective in teaching English reading and can improve college students’ reading performance.

Currently, college students are facing severe employment challenges. To address this, this study uses mental health education assessment data to explore how to optimize the employment guidance and management of college students in order to enhance their employability and psychological adaptability. Decision tree algorithm and improved K-means clustering algorithm are used to analyze the mental health assessment data in depth. Data mining techniques were used to identify students’ employment tendencies and psychological characteristics so as to develop personalized employment guidance strategies. It was found that the accuracy and effectiveness of career guidance can be effectively enhanced through a data-driven approach. Specifically, the accuracy of predicting employment tendency using the decision tree model reaches 85%, while the application of the improved K-means algorithm for clustering analysis of students’ psychological characteristics enables more precise customization of employment guidance strategies. Comprehensive data analysis and psychological assessment can significantly improve the quality of employment guidance for college students. Colleges and universities should pay attention to the use of mental health assessment data, combined with data mining technology, to optimize career guidance and management, in order to help students better adapt to the workplace and enhance their employment competitiveness.

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of bone formation caused by the ratio of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) in rabbit femur defect model, which provides a new idea for clinical treatment of bone defect. Methods Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were divided into model group, 1∶1 complex group (A-PRF∶β-TCP=1∶1), 2∶1 complex group (A-PRF∶β- TCP=2∶1) and 4∶1 complex group (A-PRF∶β- TCP=4∶1）, with 6 rabbits in each group. Femoral defect models were constructed in each group. In the composite group, the bone defect was filled with composite material, while in the model group, no material was filled. After 8 weeks, the animals were euthanized and specimens were collected. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular separation (Tb.SP) and trabecular number (Tb.N) in femoral defect tissue were measured by micro-CT and photographed. Hematoxylin - eosin staining was used to detect the pathological changes of new bone tissue. The morphological changes of the new bone tissue were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Determination of phospho-mitogen activated protein kinase p38 (p-p38MAPK), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and phospho-cysteine aspartic protease-3 (p-Caspase3) in newborn femur by ELISA. The mRNA expressions of osteoprotegerin (OPG), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and p38MAPK were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The expression of OPG, BMP-2, RANKL, p-p38MAPK and p-Caspase3 protein in the new bone tissue was observed by immunohistochemistry. Results In the model group, bone formation in the femoral defect area was slow and osteogenic quality was poor. Compared with the model group, the bone formation and neocapillaries of femoral defect area in the complex group was good, BMD, BV.TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N were increased, and Tb.Sp were decreased, the expressions of p-p38MAPK, CHOP and p-Caspase3 were decreased, and the mRNA and protein expressions of OPG and BMP-2 were increased. The mRNA expression of RANKL and p38MAPK was decreased. Apoptosis in new bone tissue of each group showed the lowest apoptosis rate in samples of the 2∶1 complex group (P

All-inorganic CsPbI2Br inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn increasing attention because of their outstanding thermal stability and compatible process with tandem cells. However, relatively low open circuit voltage (Voc) has lagged their progress far behind theoretical limits. Herein, we introduce phenylmethylammonium iodide and 4-trifluoromethyl phenylmethylammonium iodide (CFPMAI) on the surface of a CsPbI2Br perovskite film and investigate their passivation effects. It is found that CFPMAI with a –CF3 substituent significantly decreases the trap density of the perovskite film by forming interactions with the under-coordinated Pb2+ ions and effectively suppresses the non-radiative recombination in the resulting PSC. In addition, CFPMAI surface passivation facilitates the optimization of energy-level alignment at the CsPbI2Br perovskite/[6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester interface, resulting in improved charge extraction from the perovskite to the charge transport layer. Consequently, the optimized inverted CsPbI2Br device exhibits a markedly improved champion efficiency of 14.43% with a Voc of 1.12 V, a Jsc of 16.31 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 79.02%, compared to the 10.92% (Voc of 0.95 V) efficiency of the control device. This study confirms the importance of substituent groups on surface passivation molecules for effective passivation of defects and optimization of energy levels, particularly for Voc improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Altered oceanic crust (AOC) is the largest contributor to the subducted sulfur (S) budget and its recycling modulates the redox evolution and S distribution in the mantle. However, the role of AOC in the deep cycling of S remains poorly constrained. Here we probe the primary S isotopes of Cenozoic intraplate basalts in eastern China by investigating sulfide inclusions in magmatic clinopyroxene megacrysts. These basalts were derived from the deep mantle metasomatized by melts derived from recycled AOC but show MORB‐like S isotopes (−0.9–0.9‰), suggesting that AOC‐derived melts transfer negligible sulfate and hardly change the δ34S and redox state of the deeper mantle. This contrasts with the generally high δ34S values of mantle wedge peridotites and primary arc magmas that reflect the slab addition of sulfate, indicating that S species and isotopes released from the subducted slab and associated fO2 are not constant and vary with subduction depth. Plain Language Summary: Subduction‐driven recycling of S plays a key role in the redox evolution of the mantle, the formation of ore deposits, and climatic impact through volcanic emission of SO2. Altered oceanic crust (AOC) is the largest contributor to the subducted S budget but the role of AOC in the deep cycling of S remains poorly constrained. Here we present high‐precision in‐situ S isotopes of sulfide inclusions in magmatic clinopyroxene megacrysts captured by Cenozoic intraplate basalts in eastern China, which were sourced from the deep mantle affected by melts derived from recycled AOC within the Pacific slab. The sulfide inclusions are not affected by magmatic differentiation or degassing and reveal the primary δ34S of intraplate basalts and their mantle sources. The mid‐ocean ridge basalts (MORB)‐like δ34S values in deep mantle sources indicate that AOC‐derived melts are mainly sulfide‐saturated and could not modify the δ34S and redox state of the deep mantle significantly. This is in contrast to the high δ34S values of mantle wedge peridotites and primary arc magmas that require the addition of sulfate from the slab or sulfur disproportionation at sub‐arc depth, suggesting that S species and isotopic composition of materials released from the subducted slab vary with subduction depth. Key Points: Sulfur isotopes of sulfide inclusions in clinopyroxene megacrysts reveal the primary δ34S of intraplate basaltsDeeply subducted oceanic crust hardly changes the δ34S and redox state of the mantleSulfur species and isotopes released from the subducted oceanic slab and associated fO2 are not constant and vary with subduction depth [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulsed magneto‐oscillation (PMO) has a high homogenization effect on continuous castings, but the heritability of it on hot‐rolled wire rods has not been studied. Recently, the effect of pulsed magneto‐oscillation on SCM435 cold heading steel billet and its hot‐rolled wire rod were investigated. A 180 mm × 180 mm ten‐strand continuous casting machine was used, with the first strand treated by pulsed magneto‐oscillation, and billets hot‐rolled to Φ6.5 mm wire rods. The results showed that compared with the billet without pulsed magneto‐oscillation treatment, the proportion of central equiaxed grain zone of pulsed magneto‐oscillation treated billet increased from 26.5% to 37.4%, and the secondary dendritic arm spacing of columnar was reduced. Futhermore, the segregation index ranges of Cr and Mn decreased by 47.1% and 33.3%, respectively. For the hot rolled wire rods, the solutes homogeneity and the mechanical properties of the rods produced by pulsed magneto‐oscillation treated billet were improved. And its banded structure was significantly refined, where the maximum band width was reduced from 35.4 μm to 12.3 μm. This study showed that the properties of wire rod could be significantly improved by improving the homogeneity of the casting billet by pulsed magneto‐oscillation, and a good histogenetic effect was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a comprehensive and comparative analysis of extreme precipitation patterns from 1971 to 2015 in Nepal, a data scarce, but "hot spot" region in global climate change. We compare in‐situ observations and gridded precipitation data from the Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Toward Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE). Using 11 precipitation indices, we show that high‐intensity (RX1day, R95pTOT, R99pTOT) and frequency‐related indices (R10 mm, R20 mm) have decreased but annual maximum consecutive dry and wet days have increased. Observations affirm these trends found by the APHRODITE, but show smaller magnitudes likely due to differences in measurements at locations made below the 3,000 m elevation line. Spatially, the relatively dry western region has become wetter, and the relatively wet eastern region has become drier post‐2003. The weakening of the South Asia Monsoon circulation, particularly assessed by the Webster and Yang Monsoon Index, correlates strongly with extreme precipitation indices. Changes in upper‐level jet and associated lower‐level monsoon trough are identified as critical factors influencing the extreme precipitation trend post‐2003. This study is the first to confirm the efficacy of APHRODITE in providing spatial and temporal precipitation patterns in a data‐limited region. We conclude that monsoon weakened circulations and changes in regional wind fields play dominant roles in the long‐term temporal and spatial trends of extreme precipitation in Nepal. The reduced precipitation extremes in the wet eastern region may somewhat lessen severe flooding and erosion, but the drier western region may face heightened risks in precipitation‐related hazards in Nepal. Plain Language Summary: Precipitation is one of the most important components of the Earth's water cycles but is least predictable locally amid global climate change. Understanding the historical dynamics of extreme precipitation provides critical information for developing climate mitigation and adaptation strategies. This paper examines extreme precipitation patterns in Nepal from 1971 to 2015. Comparing observations on site and Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration data, the study identifies decreasing intense and frequent rainfall and increasing prolonged precipitation. On‐site data show similar trends to the integration data, but have smaller magnitudes. Post‐2003, the west and the east tend to get wetter and drier, respectively. The study links these changes to a weakened South Asia Monsoon circulation, particularly indicated by the Webster and Yang Monsoon Index. The shift in upper‐level jet and lower‐level monsoon trough are identified as key factors influencing extreme precipitation trends post‐2003. This study validates APHRODITE in data‐limited regions. The findings suggest that weakened monsoon circulations and changes in wind patterns significantly contribute to long‐term trends in extreme precipitation in Nepal. While reduced extremes in the wet eastern region may imply decreased flooding risks, but the drier western region may face increased hazards and ecosystem changes related to precipitation. Key Points: From 1971 to 2015, extreme precipitation events decreased in Nepal overall, with the west getting wetter and the east drier post‐2003The APHRODITE gridded reliably reproduces Nepal's extreme precipitationChanges in precipitation are the results of variations in monsoon intensity and shifts in wind patterns [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular detection is important in biosensing, food safety, and environmental surveillance. The high biocompatibility, superior mechanical stability, and low cost make plasmon-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) a promising sensing technique, the ultrahigh sensitivity of which is urgently pursued for realistic applications. As a proof of concept, we report a mechanochemical strategy, which combines the wrinkling and chemical functionalization, to fabricate a plasmon-free SERS platform based on 2D MnPS3 with a sub-attomolar detection limit. In detail, the formation of wrinkles in 2D MnPS3 enables a SERS substrate of the material to detect trace methylene blue molecules. The mechanism is experimentally revealed that the wrinkled structures contribute to the improvement of light-matter coupling. On this basis, decorating a wrinkled MnPS3 which has absorbed methylene blue with histamine dihydrochloride further lowers the detection limit to 10−19 M. Because the amino groups in histamine dihydrochloride molecules are crosslinkers that create more pathways to promote charge transfer between these substances. This work provides a guidance for the design of SERS sensors with single-molecule-level sensitivity. Here, the authors develop a plasmon-free SERS platform based on two-dimensional MnPS3 with sub-attomolar detection limit. Their strategy is based on a mechanochemical approach that combines wrinkling and chemical functionalization to boost SERS performance, making it relevant for biosensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]