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This study aims to investigate the Joule effect, thermal radiation, and Coriolis effects in unsteady magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) micropolar flow over a 3-D unstable sheet. A magnetic field is typically applied to the surface; additionally, it is assumed that the fluid is conducting electricity. Other micro-rotations are also considered. The physical issue is resolved with the help of the fundamental equations, and the issue's complexity is reduced with the use of similarity variables. In the present approach, the homotopy analysis method (HAM) is employed. The heat, skin's friction factor, temperature, micro movements, and velocity associated with the emerging parameters and transfer rates are considered. The boundary layer thickness is increased as the parameter of vorticity increases. When the magnitude of the magnetic field increases, the skin friction coefficient decreases. The state variables are approximated up to six decimal places numerically. The numerical values of −f″(0) and −θ′(0) are computed to higher decimal places and compared with the available literature to validate the results. The outcomes obtained are compared with the available literature; the results here are corroborated, and the performance of the HAM is demonstrated.

Abstract Background Dengue fever caused by dengue virus is a tropical disease and is among the deadliest vector-borne diseases. The humid and hot summers of Pakistan support the probation of the vectors responsible for the transmission of viral and other parasitic diseases. Methodology A retrospective study, from 2012- 2019, of dengue infected individuals from the Punjab province of Pakistan was carried out to analyze epidemiology, clinical and laboratory findings of subjects with dengue virus infection. Data was derived from National Institute of Health (NIH) followed by Dengue control program of Pakistan, covering the incidence rate in 36 districts of Punjab and Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT) respectively. Patients data including the presence of dengue specific antigen or/and antibodies such as NS1 and IgG/IgM were observed. The study also included the analysis of demographic data, geographic data, and the month-wise distribution of dengue cases to examine seasonal trends. Results We analyzed 25,682 dengue infected individuals. The statistical analysis revealed a significant association between genders in which male population was more affected by dengue than females. It was also noted that the middle age group was the most affected age group while the highest number of cases were reported in October. Rawalpindi and Lahore were the most affected cities in Punjab province while Islamabad represented the highest number of cases during the recent outbreak in 2019. The IgM and IgG antibodies were highly prevalent among the infected patients. Conclusion Dengue is endemic in Pakistan, circulating throughout the year. Highest number of cases were observed in the month of October, September and November respectively. Association between climate change and vector-borne diseases need to be investigated in Pakistan as they significantly influence the timing and intensity of dengue and other disease outbreaks. Further exploration of hematological parameters is required to better diagnose and treat the disease. For the effective control of dengue outbreaks, awareness campaigns on sewage management and vector control along with social factors are strongly recommended for better control and eradication of the disease.

Objective: Hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease often exhibit inflammation characterized by elevated levels of C-reactive protein, Interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and they are shown to be associated with cardiovascular impairment and enhanced renal failure. This study aims to assess the impact of fish oil intake on inflammation indicators in adult hemodialysis patients. Methods: From the inception to December 2023, the datasets Cochrane Central, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Embase, and Pubmed were examined. Two authors independently searched, selected, and screened the literature. The pooled results are represented by weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals. To investigate the causes of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis was done. Sensitivity analysis was then used to evaluate the validity of the combined findings. Results: Thirteen randomized control trials studies were included. The pooled results showed that fish oil supplementation caused a significant reduction of the C-reactive protein level (WMD, −2.92 mg/L; 95% Confidence interval, −5.23, to −0.61; p = 0.01; I 2 = 99%), especially in patients with baseline C-reactive protein ⩾5 mg/L (WMD, −4.39 mg/L; 95% Confidence interval, −5.93 to 2.85; p 5 mg/L, responded to fish oil supplementation to reduce their C-reactive protein level; however, Interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels did not appear to be affected.

Bionanofluids containing biological nanoparticles suspended in base fluids exhibit altered dynamics due to coupled effects between the nanoparticles and fluid properties. More efficient cooling can enhance medical technology performance, reduce energy usage, and provide safer, more sustainable healthcare solutions. This work overcomes previous research limitations by elucidating the combined impacts of microorganisms and couple stress properties on the behavior of water-based bionanofluids containing copper nanoparticles, under inclined magnetic fields. Governing equations for momentum, energy, concentration, and microorganisms are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via similarity methods. The resulting ODE system is then solved semi-analytically using the Homotopy Analysis Method, revealing distinct profile behaviors. Additionally, quantitative indicators including skin friction for different values of M, λ,β, and Nr increased by 7.19%, 62.81%, 31.27%, and 21.32% respectively. Similarly Nusselt number for different values Qe , Ec, and Df decrease by 3.502 %, 2.5705%, and 2.447% respectively. Furthermore, Sherwood Numbers for different values of Sc, Kc, increased by 16.41%, and 4.133% respectively. Finally, Microorganisms for different values of Lb, Pe, and σ1 increase by 2.934%, 2.61%, and 1.172% respectively.

Objective: To determine one-month mortality in patients with ischemic stroke using Score for Early Ischemic Stroke Mortality. Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Jhelum Pakistan, from Jan 2020 to May 2021. Methodology: All patients with acute ischemic stroke, aged more than 18 years, of either gender, were consecutively enrolled. Mortality at 1 month in patients with ischemic stroke was noted along with the demographic and clinical characteristics (comorbidities, smoking status, clinical stroke at admission, and cause of the stroke). Mortality at 1 month was predicted by using Predicting Early Mortality of Ischemic Stroke score. Additionally, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Glasgow Coma Scale, and previous Modified Ranking Scale at admission was also recorded. Results: Among 160 patients, the Mean age was 66.07±9.92 years. 121(75.6%) patients were males and 39(24.4%) were females. Mortality at 1 month was observed in 26(16.3%) patients. A significant association of mortality at 1 month was observed with age (p

This research reports on the combined effects of heat and mass transfer (HMT) under the influences of the Soret and Dufour in natural convection steady 2D magnetohydrodynamic flow through the boundary layer in a porous vertical tube or duct. The current study is motivated by the significant applications of HMT in engineering processes such as casting and welding. The goal of this framework is to explore the assisting and opposing movements with HMT above a vertical porous channel under the influence of invariant suction and fluid dissipation which have not been reported in the earlier studies. The governing flow equations in terms of partial differential equations (PDEs) are altered to dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using dimensionless variables. Employing the BVP4C approach, the leading equations are solved numerically. The dual nature of solutions has been observed due to suction. Stability exploration has been provided to confirm a stable solution. A comparison between published and current studies shows outstanding agreement. Key parameter effects on flow characteristics are visually offered using graphs as well as tables. It is noteworthy that the influence of Soret effects becomes apparent in a suspended mixture of particles and fluids. These phenomena can be attributed to temperature differences, whereby the motion of fluid particles in the warmest region with the maximum energy level causes the particles to migrate towards the coldest region. Notably, the flow speed rate at the left plate is initially high and slowly diminishes near the right plate.

ABSTRACT The selection of an appropriate production system plays a crucial role in ensuring the health, welfare, and productivity of American Pekin ducks. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of various rearing production systems on the performance of American Pekin Ducks. A total of 180 straight run ducklings (10 days old) were randomly allocated into three experimental groups: intensive production system (IPS), free-range production system (FRPS), and pool with yard production system (PYPS). The distribution was carried out following a completely randomized design. We investigated the morphological parameters, growth performance, serum chemistry, meat cholesterol and triacylglycerol, cellular immunity, intestinal morphology, and carcass traits of Pekin ducks. The results indicate that PYPS birds exhibited significantly better morphometric parameters compared to IPS and FRPS ones. Ducks raised in PYPS had the highest growth rate till the 75th day as compared to those reared in IPS and FRPS. Triacylglycerol, total lipids, blood and meat fat and triacylglycerol were higher in IPS; whereas albumin, AG ratio, total proteins, glucose, and globulin were higher in PYPS. Similarly, cellular immunity (phagocytic activity, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes) was increased in PYPS. Intestinal morphology and overall carcass traits were better in birds reared under PYPS than in those of IPS and FRPS. American Pekin ducks raised in PYPS showed improved growth, serum chemistry, cellular immunity, and carcass traits. These results suggest that the PYPS could be a promising production system for raising ducks in sub-tropical regions.

Stroke rehabilitation faces challenges in attaining enduring improvements in hand motor function and is frequently constrained by interventional limitations. This research aims to present an innovative approach to the integration of cognitive engagement within visual feedback incorporated into fully immersive virtual reality (VR) based games to achieve enduring improvements. These innovative aspects of interaction provide more functional advantages beyond motivation to efficiently execute repeatedly hand motor tasks. The effectiveness of virtual reality games incorporated with innovative aspects has been investigated for improvements in hand motor functions. A randomized controlled trial was conducted, a total of (n=56) subacute stroke patients were assessed for eligibility and (n=52) patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. (n=26) patients were assigned to the experimental group and (n=26) patients were assigned to the control group. VR intervention involves four VR based games, developed based on hand movements including flexion/extension, close/open, supination/pronation and pinch. All patients got therapy of 24 sessions, lasting 4 days/week for a total of 6 weeks. Five clinical outcome measures were Fugl- Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity, Action Research Arm Test, Box and Block Test, Modified Barthel Index, and Stroke-Specific Quality of Life were assessed to evaluate patients’ performance. Results revealed that after therapy there was significant improvement between the groups (p

Abstract Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated higher performance results when compared to traditional approaches for implementing robust myoelectric control (MEC) systems. However, the delay induced by optimising a MEC remains a concern for real-time applications. As a result, an optimised DNN architecture based on fine-tuned hyperparameters is required. This study investigates the optimal configuration of convolutional neural network (CNN)-based MEC by proposing an effective data segmentation technique and a generalised set of hyperparameters. Firstly, two segmentation strategies (disjoint and overlap) and various segment and overlap sizes were studied to optimise segmentation parameters. Secondly, to address the challenge of optimising the hyperparameters of a DNN-based MEC system, the problem has been abstracted as an optimisation problem, and Bayesian optimisation has been used to solve it. From 20 healthy people, ten surface electromyography (sEMG) grasping movements abstracted from daily life were chosen as the target gesture set. With an ideal segment size of 200 ms and an overlap size of 80%, the results show that the overlap segmentation technique outperforms the disjoint segmentation technique (p-value

Drought is considered as one of the major abiotic stresses affecting rice production under rainfed ecologies of Bangladesh hampering the country's self-sufficiency in rice production through reduced crop yield and quality. In the present study, we studied the effect of two species of plant growth promoting Trichoderma v iz; Trichoderma asperelloides and Trichoderma brevicompactum on rice plant development under drought stress and their role in inducing tolerance to drought at physiological and biochemical level. Results reveal that both species are capable of inducing plant tolerance to drought stress when tested on drought tolerant (BRRI dhan56) and drought susceptible (IR64) varieties. As the number of drought stress days increased, there was an increase in root length of both the varieties but increase in root length was more in BRRI dhan56 as compared to IR 64 when seeds of both varieties were primed with Trichoderma. There was significant change in proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), total Phenolic content (TFC), H2O2 content in Trichoderma treated versus non-treated plants for both varieties. These biochemical changes were verified with the expression of aquaporin (AQU), dehydrin (DHN) and DREB genes in both rice varieties treated with both Trichoderma species. Interaction studies of Trichoderma species with two rice genotypes suggested that AQU-2 expressed more in tolerant variety (BRRI dhan56) when primed with Trichoderma asperelloides whereas, both Trichoderma spp. up regulated the expression of DHN-4 and DREB genes in both rice genotypes under drought conditions. The present findings suggest that the both Trichoderma asperelloides and Trichoderma brevicompactum are most effective in improving drought tolerance in rice, and its prospective application will contribute to the advancement of rice genotypes to sustain crop productivity under drought stress.

Civil engineering infrastructures are increasingly becoming exposed to seismic loads, and at such a stage there is an increased need for alternative methods to fortify and enhance the resilience. The present study deals with the intricate linkage of internet of things (IoT) devices and the resilience of structures in a seismically affected zone. From the literature, the role of adaptive structural control, data acquisition and transmission, early warning systems, integration with building standards and codes, and real-time analytics and monitoring have been found to be the topmost aspects of ensuring resilience to seismic events. The seismically affected area of concern provides an in-depth analysis of the practical applications of the IoT in buildings in a seismic area. A survey was distributed to 239 respondents, and a very solid 58.99 % response rate proved the interest and participation of the respondents in the study. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), the researchers frame a measurement model which is applied to analyze the reliability and validity of the IoT constructs. Further, the bootstrap resampling mechanisms are adopted to test the five hypotheses rigorously. The findings establish robust connections between adaptive structural control, data acquisition, early warning systems, integration with building codes and standards, real-time monitoring and analytics, and IoT, contributing to enhanced seismic resilience. Infrastructure developers can draw management implications from these findings, while empirical researchers can utilize the verified framework to guide future studies.

Catalyst-assisted amine regeneration has emerged as a prominent strategy for enhancing the desorption rate of CO2 from amine solutions at lower temperatures (

Epilepsy is one of the most common, severe, chronic, potentially life-shortening neurological disorders, characterized by a persisting predisposition to generate seizures. It affects more than 60 million individuals globally, which is one of the major burdens in seizure-related mortality, comorbidities, disabilities, and cost. Different treatment options have been used for the management of epilepsy. More than 30 drugs have been approved by the US FDA against epilepsy. However, one-quarter of epileptic individuals still show resistance to the current medications. About 90% of individuals in low and middle-income countries do not have access to the current medication. In these countries, plant extracts have been used to treat various diseases, including epilepsy. These medicinal plants have high therapeutic value and contain valuable phytochemicals with diverse biomedical applications. Epilepsy is a multifactorial disease, and therefore, multitarget approaches such as plant extracts or extracted phytochemicals are needed, which can target multiple pathways. Numerous plant extracts and phytochemicals have been shown to treat epilepsy in various animal models by targeting various receptors, enzymes, and metabolic pathways. These extracts and phytochemicals could be used for the treatment of epilepsy in humans in the future; however, further research is needed to study the exact mechanism of action, toxicity, and dosage to reduce their side effects. In this narrative review, we comprehensively summarized the extracts of various plant species and purified phytochemicals isolated from plants, their targets and mechanism of action, and dosage used in various animal models against epilepsy.

Global-scale energy use has contributed to worldwide environmental issues, including climate change, global warming, and air and haze pollution. Home appliances are commonly used products that consume a lot of energy. This study aims to empirically assess the factors that lead to pro-environmental consumer behavior in households under the influence of haze pollution. The relationship among the variables of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) (attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, purchase intention, and purchase behavior), the norm activation model (NAM) (ascription of responsibility, awareness of consequences, personal norms), and additional psychological variables such as green trust and environmental concern has been examined. In addition, the moderating role of herd mentality on consumer purchasing has also been assessed. A non-probability-based purposive sampling technique has been employed to gather data from 429 respondents. The results from PLS-SEM show that haze pollution stimulates the usage of energy-saving appliances. Environmental concern positively affects consumers' intentions to purchase energy-efficient household appliances, and green trust positively influences environmental concern. Subjective norms, attitudes, perceived consumer effectiveness, and environmental concern shape purchase intention. Personal norms are influenced by the awareness of consequences and the ascription of responsibility. The influence of these factors on consumers' pro-environmental behavior is evident in purchasing energy-efficient household appliances to minimize haze and mitigate associated environmental issues. This study proposes strategies to persuade individuals to purchase energy-efficient household equipment based on the empirical findings.

Objective: To assess the orientation of dental practitioners in understanding the probable relationship between COVID-19 and periodontal infection and the measures they took toward periodontal health during the pandemic. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted, including registered dentists in Moradabad. The questionnaire provided was a self-administered, closed-ended questionnaire with 26 questions, shared via an online survey link utilizing Google Forms. The data collected was tabulated and statistically evaluated. Results: The participants implemented many preventive measures in their daily lives against COVID-19, such as hand washing, frequent hand sanitization, face shields, mouth masks, social distancing not, being in overcrowded places, using HEPA filters and different combinations of protective measures against COVID-19. 82.23% of participants learned from the official websites of organizations like the Ministries of Health, WHO, and professional organizations about COVID-19. Conclusion: Most participants endorsed oral hygiene measures and the use of mouthwashes by their patients, yet a significant number of dental surgeons needed to be made aware of a probable correlation between COVID-19 infection and chronic periodontitis.

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of hyperlipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with microalbuminuria attending a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Jhelum Pakistan, from Jan 2020 to Feb 2021. Methodology: All patients aged 30 years or above with type 2 DM mellitus presented with or without microalbuminuria were consecutively enrolled. Hyperlipidemia was defined based on the presence of an elevated lipid profile. This information, along with baseline and other predicting factors, was noted. Results: Of 236 patients, hyperlipidemia was observed in 107(45.3%) patients with type 2 DM having microalbuminuria. The odds of hyperlipidemia were 53% less likely among patients aged ≤59 years than that of patients aged>59 years [aOR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.27-0.85], 47% less likely among patients with ≤7 years of diabetes duration as compared to >7 years of duration of diabetes [aOR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.29-0.96], and 75% less likely among patients with ≤140 mm Hg SBP as compared to the patients with >140 mm Hg SBP [aOR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.14-0.46]. Conclusion: In the current study, hyperlipidemia was observed to be considerably higher in patients with type 2 DM having microalbuminuria. Moreover, elderly patients, longer diabetes duration, and elevated blood pressure are some of the risk factors reported in our patients.

Dalam menghadapi era transformasi digital, masih terjadi ketimpangan pada kondisi keterampilan, akses dan fasilitas teknologi informasi dan komunikasi di Indonesia. Perlu dilakukan pengelompokan wilayah untuk mengetahui daerah yang masih tertinggal, sebagai bahan evaluasi untuk pemerataan pembangunan. Pengelompokan wuilayah dilakukan dengan membandingkan Metode Partitioning dan Hierarchical Clustering. Algoritma Partitioning Clustering yang digunakan adalah K-Means Clustering, dengan jumlah klaster optimum yang dihasilkan sebanyak 4. Algoritma Hierarchical Clustering yang digunakan adalah Agglomerative Ward, dengan nilai koefisien 0.864. Pengelompokan dengan metode Agglomerative Ward menghasilkan jumlah klaster optimum sebanyak 3. Metode Hierarchical Clustering lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode Partitioning, dengan Nilai Silohuette sebesar 0,37.

Abstract The study focuses on the behavior of an electrically conducting non-Newtonian fluid with couple stress properties, using water-based bionanofluid. The fluid is analyzed as it flows across a porous stretching/shrinking sheet within its own plane. This Study also explores the Bejan Number and Entropy Generation. To facilitate this investigation, the governing nonlinear partial differential equations undergo a transformation, wherein they are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations through a suitable similarity transformation. An ideal strategy has been employed to achieve the desired results from the modeled challenge. The Homotopy Analysis Method is applied to determine the solution of the system of differential equations. The convergence of the applied method and their comparison with the numerical method are described through graphs and tables. The main features of the different profiles are briefly described. Graphs are used to analyze the impact of the Bejan number, concentration, temperature, velocity profile, and entropy production rate. Tables present the characteristics of skin friction, Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers for various limitations. The stretching and ambient fluid velocities should fluctuate linearly as the distance from the stagnation point increases. A rise in the magnetic and porosity parameters is accompanied by an increase in the velocity profile. While the velocity profile falls off as a Couple of fluid parameters are increased. The phenomenon of temperature boost is observed to be positively correlated with the increase in Brownian motion parameter while exhibiting no significant dependence on other parameters such as Brinkman number, Prandtl number Lewis number and Thermophoresis parameter. Entropy generation increases with the Brinkman number while decreasing with the radiation parameter and diffusion parameter as is plainly demonstrated.