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Asserts that getting students to apply their knowledge in new situations is important, noting that reaching this goal generally requires that students have a large share of knowledge of the relevant topic. Describes rote versus inflexible knowledge, explaining that inflexible knowledge is the normal foundation for expertise and discussing how inflexible knowledge becomes flexible. Suggestions for teachers include using examples and distinguishing between rote and inflexible knowledge. (SM)

Presents insights from cognitive science regarding the allocation of students' study time as they learn new material, offering evidence for the spacing effect (which suggests that spacing study time leads to better memory of material). A sidebar notes ways to apply research on the spacing effect in the classroom (e.g., discourage cramming for tests and take advantage of down time for practice). (SM)

Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences (Basic Books, 1983) Multiple Intelligences: The Theory into Practice (Basic Books, 1993) Intelligence Reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st Century (Basic Books, [...]

Interest in bridging social psychology and neuroscience has seen a significant upsurge. Much of this interest has centered on brain localization--the attempt to relate psychological events to locations of brain events. Although many articles have sought to localize brain activity that supports social behavior, scant attention has been paid to the specific methods to be used in integrating brain localization data into psychological theory. The authors describe 4 strategies psychologists can use to integrate brain localization data and psychological theory, and they consider whether social psychology presents special considerations in the use of these strategies. They conclude that brain localization offers a useful tool for some but not all problems in social psychology, and they discuss the types of problems for which it may and may not prove useful.

The article focuses on the importance of critical thinking skills. It mentions that students who learned the critical thinking principles performed better on a test that required evaluation of psychology evidence. It also mentions that students encounter standard problems that are best solved in a particular way.

Given the complexity and generalizability of motor skills, it is difficult to account for learning in this area without incorporating the concept of unconscious abstraction. A model based solely on association does not seem to account for data in this domain; specifically, instances that require learners to execute a practiced motor skill in a novel situation.

The article offers a research on the effect of lack of sleep in teenagers. It states that sleep deprive students show worse performance mood behavior change and being anxious and depress. It also discusses the biological change that shows on sleep deprive students and some intervention to help teenagers sleep