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51. Multitask Deep Convolutional Neural Network with Attention for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Detection and Weak Localization of Pathological Manifestations in Chest X-Ray

Author

Wolde Feyisa, Degaga, Megersa Ayano, Yehualashet, Girma Debelee, Taye, Sisay Hailu, Samuel, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Debelee, Taye Girma, editor, Ibenthal, Achim, editor, Schwenker, Friedhelm, editor, and Megersa Ayano, Yehualashet, editor

Published
2024
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54. Mechanical dissipation by substrate-mode coupling in SiN resonators

Author

de Jong, Matthijs H. J., Wolde, Malte A. ten, Cupertino, Andrea, Gröblacher, Simon, Steeneken, Peter G., and Norte, Richard A.

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

State-of-the-art nanomechanical resonators are heralded as a central component for next-generation clocks, filters, resonant sensors and quantum technologies. To practically build these technologies will require monolithic integration of microchips, resonators and readout systems. While it is widely seen that mounting microchip substrates into a system can greatly impact the performance of high-Q resonators, a systematic study has remained elusive, owing to the variety of physical processes and factors that influence the dissipation. Here, we analytically analyze a mechanism by which substrates couple to resonators manufactured on them, and experimentally demonstrate that this coupling can increase the mechanical dissipation of nanomechanical resonators when the resonance frequencies of resonator and substrate coincide. More generally, we then show a similar coupling mechanism can exist between two adjacent resonators. Since the substrate-mode coupling mechanism strongly depends on both the resonator position on the substrate and the mounting of the substrate, this work provides key design guidelines for high-precision nanomechanical technologies.

Published
2022
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55. National-level and state-level prevalence of overweight and obesity among children, adolescents, and adults in the USA, 1990–2021, and forecasts up to 2050

Author

Ng, Marie, Dai, Xiaochen, Cogen, Rebecca M, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abdollahi, Arash, Abdullahi, Auwal, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abukhadijah, Hana J, Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther, Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmad, Noah, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed, Akrami, Ashley E, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, Al Ta'ani, Omar, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Aldhaleei, Wafa A, Algammal, Abdelazeem M, Ali, Waad, Al-Ibraheem, Akram, Alqahatni, Saleh A, Al-Rifai, Rami H, Alshahrani, Najim Z, Al-Wardat, Mohammad, Aly, Hany, Al-Zyoud, Walid A, Amiri, Sohrab, Anil, Abhishek, Arabloo, Jalal, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Ardekani, Ali, Areda, Demelash, Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse, Atreya, Alok, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Aziz, Shahkaar, Azzopardi, Peter S, Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah, Baig, Atif Amin, Bako, Abdulaziz T, Bansal, Kannu, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi, Bemanalizadeh, Maryam, Beran, Azizullah, Beyene, Habtamu B, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bilgin, Cem, Bleyer, Archie, Borhany, Hamed, Boyko, Edward J, Braithwaite, Dejana, Bryazka, Dana, Bugiardini, Raffaele, Bustanji, Yasser, Butt, Zahid A, Çakmak Barsbay, Mehtap, Campos-Nonato, Ismael, Cembranel, Francieli, Cerin, Ester, Chacón-Uscamaita, Pamela Roxana, Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chen, An-Tian, Chen, Guangjin, Chi, Gerald, Ching, Patrick R, Cho, So Mi Jemma, Choi, Dong-Woo, Chong, Bryan, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Cindi, Zinhle, Cini, Karly I, Columbus, Alyssa, Couto, Rosa A S, Criqui, Michael H, Cruz-Martins, Natalia, Da'ar, Omar B, Dadras, Omid, Dai, Zhaoli, Darcho, Samuel Demissie, Dash, Nihar Ranjan, Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Diaz, Daniel, Diaz, Michael J, Do, Thanh Chi, Dolatshahi, Mahsa, D'Oria, Mario, Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai, Doshi, Rajkumar Prakashbhai, Dowou, Robert Kokou, Dube, John, Dumuid, Dorothea, Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian, E'mar, Abdel Rahman, El Arab, Rabie Adel, El Bayoumy, Ibrahim Farahat, Elhadi, Muhammed, Eltaha, Chadi, Falzone, Luca, Farrokhpour, Hossein, Fazeli, Patrick, Feigin, Valery L, Fekadu, Ginenus, Ferreira, Nuno, Fischer, Florian, Francis, Kate Louise, Gadanya, Muktar A, Gebregergis, Miglas Welay, Ghadimi, Delaram J, Gholami, Ehsan, Golechha, Mahaveer, Golinelli, Davide, Gona, Philimon N, Gouravani, Mahdi, Grada, Ayman, Grover, Ashna, Guha, Avirup, Gupta, Rahul, Habibzadeh, Parham, Haep, Nils, Halimi, Aram, Hasan, Md. Kamrul, Hasnain, Md Saquib, Hay, Simon I, He, Wen-Qiang, Hebert, Jeffrey J, Hemmati, Mehdi, Hiraike, Yuta, Hoan, Nguyen Quoc, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hu, Chengxi, Huang, Junjie, Huynh, Hong-Han, Islam, Md. Rabiul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Jacob, Louis, Joseph, Abel, Kamarajah, Sivesh Kathir, Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem, Kantar, Rami S, Karimi, Yeganeh, Kazemian, Sina, Khan, Mohammad Jobair, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khanal, Praval, Khanmohammadi, Shaghayegh, Khatab, Khaled, Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad, Khormali, Moein, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kiconco, Sylvia, Kim, Min Seo, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kisa, Adnan, Kulimbet, Mukhtar, Kumar, Vijay, Kundu, Satyajit, Kurmi, Om P, Lai, Hanpeng, Le, Nhi Huu Hanh, Lee, Munjae, Lee, Seung Won, Lee, Wei-Chen, Li, An, Li, Wei, Lim, Stephen S, Lin, Jialing, Lindstedt, Paulina A, Liu, Xiaofeng, Lo, Justin, López-Gil, José Francisco, Lucchetti, Giancarlo, Luo, Lisha, Lusk, Jay B, Mahmoudi, Elham, Malakan Rad, Elaheh, Manla, Yosef, Martinez-Piedra, Ramon, Mathangasinghe, Yasith, Matozinhos, Fernanda Penido, McPhail, Steven M, Meles, Hadush Negash, Mensah, George A, Meo, Sultan Ayoub, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mini, GK, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad, Mocciaro, Gabriele, Mohamed, Jama, Mohamed, Mouhand F H, Mohamed, Nouh Saad, Mohammad, Ameen Mosa, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H, Momenzadeh, Kaveh, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Montazeri, Fateme, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Motappa, Rohith, Mullany, Erin C, Murray, Christopher J L, Naghavi, Pirouz, Najdaghi, Soroush, Narimani Davani, Delaram, Nascimento, Gustavo G, Natto, Zuhair S, Nguyen, Dang H, Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien, Nguyen, Phat Tuan, Nguyen, Van Thanh, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, Nikravangolsefid, Nasrin, Noor, Syed Toukir Ahmed, Nugen, Fred, Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet, Oancea, Bogdan, O'Connell, Erin M, Okeke, Sylvester Reuben, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olasupo, Omotola O, Olorukooba, Abdulhakeem Abayomi, Ostroff, Samuel M, Oulhaj, Abderrahim, Owolabi, Mayowa O, P A, Mahesh Padukudru, Parikh, Romil R, Park, Seoyeon, Park, Sungchul, Pashaei, Ava, Pereira, Gavin, Pham, Hoang Nhat, Pham, Tom, Philip, Anil K, Pradhan, Jalandhar, Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh, Pronk, Nicolaas P, Puvvula, Jagadeesh, Rafiei Alavi, Seyedeh Niloufar, Raggi, Catalina, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahmani, Bita, Rahmanian, Mohammad, Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Sowmya J, Rashedi, Sina, Rashid, Ahmed Mustafa, Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed, Rhee, Taeho Gregory, Rodrigues, Monica, Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia, Sabet, Cameron John, Sabour, Siamak, Saeed, Umar, Sagoe, Dominic, Saleh, Mohamed A, Samuel, Vijaya Paul, Samy, Abdallah M, Saravanan, Aswini, Sawhney, Monika, Sawyer, Susan M M, Scarmeas, Nikolaos, Schlaich, Markus P, Schuermans, Art, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Seylani, Allen, Shafie, Mahan, Shah, Nilay S, Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib, Shamshirgaran, Mohammad Ali, Sharfaei, Sadaf, Sharifan, Amin, Sharma, Anupam, Sharma, Manoj, Sheikh, Aziz, Shenoy, Rekha Raghuveer, Shetty, Premalatha K, Shibuya, Kenji, Shittu, Aminu, Shuval, Kerem, Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Singh, Jasvinder A, Smith, Amanda E, Solanki, Ranjan, Soliman, Sameh S M, Song, Yi, Soraneh, Soroush, Straif, Kurt, Szarpak, Lukasz, Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad, Tabche, Celine, Tanwar, Manoj, Tat, Nathan Y, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Thavamani, Aravind, Tran, Thang Huu, Trico, Domenico, Truyen, Thien Tan Tri Tai, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Udoh, Arit, Ullah, Sana, Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad, Vahdati, Sanaz, Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj, Vakilpour, Azin, Van den Eynde, Jef, Vinayak, Manish, Weerakoon, Kosala Gayan, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Wolde, Asrat Arja, Wonde, Tewodros Eshete, Xu, Suowen, Yang, Lin, Yano, Yuichiro, Yiğit, Arzu, Yon, Dong Keon, Yu, Chuanhua, Yuan, Chun-Wei, Zastrozhin, Michael, Zeariya, Mohammed G M, Zhong, Claire Chenwen, Zhu, Bin, Zhumagaliuly, Abzal, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zyoud, Sa'ed H, Kerr, Jessica A, Vollset, Stein Emil, and Gakidou, Emmanuela

Published
2024
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56. Global, regional, and national stillbirths at 20 weeks' gestation or longer in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Comfort, Haley, McHugh, Theresa A, Schumacher, Austin E, Harris, Ashley, May, Erin A, Paulson, Katherine R, Gardner, William M, Fuller, John E, Frisch, Meghan E, Taylor, Heather Jean, Leever, Andrew T, Teply, Corey, Verghese, Nicholas Alexander, Alam, Tahiya, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdissa, Daba, Abdoun, Meriem, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Mesfin, Abedi, Aidin, Abidi, Hassan, Abiodun, Olumide, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abrigo, Michael R M, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Adane, Mesafint Molla, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adema, Bulcha Guye, Adesina, Miracle Ayomikun, Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun Oluwaseun, Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Afzal, Saira, Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika, Agodi, Antonella, Agyemang-Duah, Williams, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Luai A, Ajami, Marjan, Akinosoglou, Karolina, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Albashtawy, Mohammed, Alemi, Sharifullah, Algammal, Abdelazeem M, Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed, Ali, Abid, Ali, Liaqat, Ali, Mohammed Usman, Alif, Sheikh Mohammad, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almazan, Joseph Uy, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Almidani, Louay, Almustanyir, Sami, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Aly, Hany, Aly, Safwat, Amani, Reza, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amhare, Abebe Feyissa, Amin, Tarek Tawfik, Amiri, Sohrab, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Anoushiravani, Amir, Ansar, Adnan, Anvari, Davood, Anwer, Razique, Appiah, Francis, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Areda, Demelash, Aregawi, Brhane Berhe, Artamonov, Anton A, Aryal, Umesh Raj, Asemi, Zatollah, Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh, Asgedom, Akeza Awealom, Ashraf, Tahira, Asresie, Melash Belachew, Atlaw, Daniel, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Atreya, Alok, Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Aujayeb, Avinash, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayatollahi, Haleh, Ayyoubzadeh, Seyed Mohammad, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azevedo, Rui M S, Azzam, Ahmed Y, B, Darshan B, Babaei, Mahsa, Badar, Muhammad, Badiye, Ashish D, Baghcheghi, Nayereh, Baghdadi, Soroush, Bagheri, Nasser, Bagherieh, Sara, Bahrami Asl, Farshad, Bai, Ruhai, Bakshi, Ravleen Kaur, Bam, Kiran, Banach, Maciej, Banke-Thomas, Aduragbemi, Bansal, Hansi, Bantie, Berihun Bantie, Barchitta, Martina, Bardhan, Mainak, Bashiri, Azadeh, Basiru, Afisu, Baskaran, Pritish, Batra, Kavita, Bayani, Mojtaba, Bayleyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew, Bedi, Neeraj, Begum, Tahmina, Behnoush, Amir Hossein, Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal, Bermudez, Amiel Nazer C, Beyene, Kebede A, Bhandari, Bharti Bhandari, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bodolica, Virginia, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brenner, Hermann, Bustanji, Yasser, Butt, Nadeem Shafique, Butt, Zahid A, Cadri, Abdul, Campos-Nonato, Ismael, Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia, Cembranel, Francieli, Cerin, Ester, Chacón-Uscamaita, Pamela Roxana, Charan, Jaykaran, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chauhan, Dhun, Chavula, Malizgani Paul, Chen, Simiao, Chi, Gerald, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Cho, William C S, Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Cruz-Martins, Natalia, Dadras, Omid, Dagnew, Gizachew Worku, Dalaba, Maxwell Ayindenaba, Dandona, Lalit, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Das, Jai K, Das, Saswati, Dash, Nihar Ranjan, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davletov, Kairat, Debela, Berhanu Gidisa, Debele, Aklilu Tamire, Derese, Msganaw, Deribe, Kebede, Dervišević, Emina, Dessie, Anteneh Mengist, Dhali, Arkadeep, Dhulipala, Vishal R, Dirac, M Ashworth, Dong, Wanyue, Dora, Bezabih Terefe, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Dutta, Sulagna, Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian, Ed-Dra, Abdelaziz, Edvardsson, Kristina, Eini, Ebrahim, Ekholuenetale, Michael, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Elgendy, Islam Y, Elhadi, Muhammed, Elshaer, Mohammed, Elsohaby, Ibrahim, Emeto, Theophilus I, Engelbert Bain, Luchuo, Esayas, Hawi Leul, Eshrati, Babak, Esposito, Francesco, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich, Faramarzi, Ali, Faro, Andre, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fekadu, Ginenus, Fischer, Florian, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gaal, Peter Andras, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Gajdács, Márió, Galali, Yaseen, Gallus, Silvano, Ganesan, Balasankar, Gazzelloni, Federica, Gebrehiwot, Mesfin, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Geda, Yohannes Fikadu, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed, Gheno, Gloria, Gialluisi, Alessandro, Gissler, Mika, Glasbey, James C, Glasstetter, Logan M, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Golinelli, Davide, Grivna, Michal, Guha, Avirup, Guicciardi, Stefano, Guo, Hanbing, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Haller, Sebastian, Halwani, Rabih, Hamidi, Samer, Handal, Alexis J, Haro, Josep Maria, Hartman, Nicholas Nathaniel, Hasan, Taufiq, Hasanpour- Dehkordi, Ali, Hasnain, Md Saquib, Hassanipour, Soheil, He, Wen-Qiang, Heidari, Mohammad, Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hessami, Kamran, Hezam, Kamal, Hiraike, Yuta, Holla, Ramesh, Hossain, Md Mahbub, Hosseinzadeh, Hassan, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hu, Chengxi, Huang, Junjie, Huda, M Mamun, Huda, Md Nazmul, Huynh, Hong-Han, Hwang, Bing-Fang, Iftikhar, Pulwasha Maria, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Immurana, Mustapha, Iranmehr, Arad, Iravanpour, Farideh, Iwagami, Masao, Iwu, Chidozie Declan, Iyasu, Assefa N, Jaafari, Jalil, Jafarzadeh, Abdollah, Jahrami, Haitham, Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar, Javadi, Nilofer, Javaheri, Tahereh, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, Jema, Alelign Tasew, Jokar, Mohammad, Joseph, Nitin, Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Zubair, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Karimi, Hanie, Kasraei, Hengameh, Kauppila, Joonas H, Kendal, Evie Shoshannah, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khalid, Nauman, Khamesipour, Faham, Khan, M Nuruzzaman, Khan, Maseer, Khan, Yusra H, Khatab, Khaled, Khatatbeh, Haitham, Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad, Khateri, Sorour, Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza, Khormali, Moein, Kim, Min Seo, Kim, Thanh V, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kochhar, Sonali, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Kompani, Farzad, Koohestani, Hamid Reza, Kosen, Soewarta, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Krishnamoorthy, Vijay, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kuchay, Raja Amir Hassan, Kuddus, Mohammed, Kumar, G Anil, Kurmi, Om P, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lahariya, Chandrakant, Laksono, Tri, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lasrado, Savita, Latief, Kamaluddin, Latifinaibin, Kaveh, Le, Thao Thi Thu, Lee, Munjae, Lee, Sang-woong, Lee, Wei-Chen, Lee, Yo Han, Lenzi, Jacopo, Li, Ming-Chieh, Li, Shanshan, Ligade, Virendra S, Lim, Stephen S, Liu, Gang, Liu, Jue, Liu, Xuefeng, Lorenzovici, László, Lotfizadeh, Masoud, M Afifi, Ahmed, Madureira-Carvalho, Áurea M, Magee, Laura A, Majeed, Azeem, Malakan Rad, Elaheh, Malhotra, Kashish, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Malik, Iram, Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain, Maravilla, Joemer C, Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio Rogerlândio, Martorell, Miquel, Marzan, Melvin Barrientos, Mathangasinghe, Yasith, Mattiello, Rita, Maugeri, Andrea, Mayeli, Mahsa, Mazaheri, Maryam, Mediratta, Rishi P, Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Kamran, Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, Meles, Hadush Negash, Mendez-Lopez, Max Alberto, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Minh, Le Huu Nhat, Mirfakhraie, Reza, Mirghafourvand, Mojgan, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mirza, Moonis, Mishio Bawa, Eric, Misra, Sanjeev, Mizana, Biru Abdissa, Mohamed, Nouh Saad, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, Sakineh, Mohammed, Ghada, Mohammed, Salahuddin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H, Molinaro, Sabrina, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moni, Mohammad Ali, Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli, Moraga, Paula, Morovatdar, Negar, Mosapour, Abbas, Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Parsa, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mughal, Faraz, Mulita, Admir, Mulita, Francesk, Muriithi, Moses K, Nair, Tapas Sadasivan, Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid, Nambi, Gopal, Nangia, Vinay, Nascimento, Gustavo G, Nauman, Javaid, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Nematollahi, Mohammad Hadi, Nguefack-Tsague, Georges, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Dang H, Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien, Nguyen, Hien Quang, Nguyen, Phat Tuan, Niazi, Robina Khan, Nikoobar, Ali, Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles, Noman, Efaq Ali, Nomura, Shuhei, Noreen, Mamoona, Nurrika, Dieta, Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe, Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet, Oancea, Bogdan, Obamiro, Kehinde O, Ogunsakin, Ropo Ebenezer, Okeke, Sylvester Reuben, Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul, Okonji, Osaretin Christabel, Okwute, Patrick Godwin, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun, Olatubi, Matthew Idowu, Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Ordak, Michal, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V, Osman, Wael M S, Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi, Otoiu, Adrian, Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Ouyahia, Amel, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pana, Adrian, Parija, Pragyan Paramita, Parikh, Romil R, Pashaei, Ava, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Patil, Shankargouda, Pawar, Shrikant, Pedersini, Paolo, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Prince, Pereira, Gavin, Pereira, Jeevan, Pereira, Marcos, Pereira, Maria Odete, Perianayagam, Arokiasamy, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petcu, Ionela-Roxana, Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily, Pezeshki, Parmida Sadat, Pham, Tom, Phan, My Kieu, Philip, Anil K, Pigeolet, Manon, Piracha, Zahra Zahid, Podder, Vivek, Poddighe, Dimitri, Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh, Raeisi Shahraki, Hadi, Raghav, Pankaja, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahmanian, Vahid, Raimondo, Ivano, Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rancic, Nemanja, Rao, Chythra R, Rao, Sowmya J, Rasella, Davide, Rashid, Ahmed Mustafa, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Rengasamy, Kannan RR, Renzaho, Andre M N, Rezaei, Nazila, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Robinson-Oden, Hannah Elizabeth, Roever, Leonardo, Rohloff, Peter, Ronfani, Luca, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Saad, Aly M A, Saadatian, Zahra, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema Ahmad, Sadeghi, Malihe, Saeb, Mohammad Reza, Saeed, Umar, Saghazadeh, Amene, Sagoe, Dominic, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Harihar, Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop, Saleh, Mohamed A, Salehi, Sana, Salem, Marwa Rashad, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanjeev, Rama Krishna, Sarikhani, Yaser, Sarode, Sachin C, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Saya, Ganesh Kumar, Saylan, Mete, Schlaich, Markus P, Schneider, Ione Jayce Ceola, Schuermans, Art, Sengupta, Pallav, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serban, Dragos, SeyedAlinaghi, SeyedAhmad, Seylani, Allen, Shafie, Mahan, Shah, Jaffer, Shah, Pritik A, Shahid, Samiah, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sham, Sunder, Shanawaz, Mohd, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharew, Mequannent Melaku, Sharma, Manoj, Shetty, Adithi, Shetty, B Suresh Kumar, Shetty, Pavanchand H, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shivalli, Siddharudha, Shool, Sina, Shorofi, Seyed Afshin, Shuja, Kanwar Hamza, Shuval, Kerem, Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen, Sidamo, Negussie Boti, Silva, João Pedro, Simpson, Colin R, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Paramdeep, Singh, Surjit, Skhvitaridze, Natia, Socea, Bogdan, Sohag, Abdullah Al Mamun, Soleimani, Hamidreza, Solomon, Yonatan, Song, Suhang, Song, Yi, Spartalis, Michael, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stergachis, Andy, Suleman, Muhammad, Sultana, Saima, Sun, Haitong Zhe, Sun, Jing, Szeto, Mindy D, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabatabai, Shima, Tabish, Mohammad, Taheri, Majid, Taheri Soodejani, Moslem, Tamuzi, Jacques Lukenze, Tan, Ker-Kan, Tarigan, Ingan Ukur, Tavakoli Oliaee, Razieh, Taye, Birhan Tsegaw, Tefera, Yibekal Manaye, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Teramoto, Masayuki, Tesfamariam, Wegen Beyene, Teye-Kwadjo, Enoch, Tharwat, Samar, Thavamani, Aravind, Thomas, Nihal, Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Tiyuri, Amir, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tripathy, Jaya Prasad, Tromans, Samuel Joseph, Ubah, Chukwudi S, Umair, Muhammad, Umakanthan, Srikanth, Unim, Brigid, Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj, Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel, Valenti, Mario, Valizadeh, Rohollah, Van den Eynde, Jef, Varthya, Shoban Babu, Veroux, Massimiliano, Verras, Georgios-Ioannis, Villani, Leonardo, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasily, Walde, Mandaras Tariku, Wang, Fang, Wang, Shu, Wang, Yanqing, Wang, Yanzhong, Wassie, Emebet Gashaw, Weerakoon, Kosala Gayan, Wolde, Asrat Arja, Xu, Xiaoyue, Yadav, Vikas, Yang, Lin, Yano, Yuichiro, Yehualashet, Sisay Shewasinad, Yi, Siyan, Yiğit, Arzu, Yiğit, Vahit, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Zaki, Nazar, Zamagni, Giulia, Zaman, Burhan Abdullah, Zastrozhin, Michael, Zhang, Haijun, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhao, Hanqing, Zhong, Claire Chenwen, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zuhriyah, Lilik, Hay, Simon I, Naghavi, Mohsen, Murray, Christopher J L, Dandona, Rakhi, and Kassebaum, Nicholas J

Published
2024
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60. Constriction of actin rings by passive crosslinkers

Author

Cumberworth, Alexander and Wolde, Pieter Rein ten

Subjects
Physics - Biological Physics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Quantitative Biology - Subcellular Processes
Abstract

In many organisms, cell division is driven by the constriction of a cytokinetic ring, which consists of actin filaments and crosslinking proteins. While it has long been believed that the constriction is driven by motor proteins, it has recently been discovered that passive crosslinkers that do not turn over fuel are able to generate enough force to constrict actin filament rings. To study the ring constriction dynamics, we develop a model that includes the driving force of crosslinker condensation and the opposing forces of friction and filament bending. We analyze the constriction force as a function of ring topology and crosslinker concentration, and predict forces that are sufficient to constrict an unadorned plasma membrane. Our model also predicts that actin-filament sliding arises from an interplay between filament rotation and crosslinker hopping, producing frictional forces that are low compared to those of crosslinker-mediated microtubule sliding., Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures, resubmitted to PRL with analysis of dynamics included

Published
2022
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61. Path Weight Sampling: Exact Monte Carlo Computation of the Mutual Information between Stochastic Trajectories

Author

Reinhardt, Manuel, Tkačik, Gašper, and Wolde, Pieter Rein ten

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Molecular Networks, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Computer Science - Information Theory, Physics - Biological Physics
Abstract

Most natural and engineered information-processing systems transmit information via signals that vary in time. Computing the information transmission rate or the information encoded in the temporal characteristics of these signals, requires the mutual information between the input and output signals as a function of time, i.e. between the input and output trajectories. Yet, this is notoriously difficult because of the high-dimensional nature of the trajectory space, and all existing techniques require approximations. We present an exact Monte Carlo technique called Path Weight Sampling (PWS) that, for the first time, makes it possible to compute the mutual information between input and output trajectories for any stochastic system that is described by a master equation. The principal idea is to use the master equation to evaluate the exact conditional probability of an individual output trajectory for a given input trajectory, and average this via Monte Carlo sampling in trajectory space to obtain the mutual information. We present three variants of PWS, which all generate the trajectories using the standard stochastic simulation algorithm. While Direct PWS is a brute-force method, Rosenbluth-Rosenbluth PWS exploits the analogy between signal trajectory sampling and polymer sampling, and Thermodynamic Integration PWS is based on a reversible work calculation in trajectory space. PWS also makes it possible to compute the mutual information between input and output trajectories for systems with hidden internal states as well as systems with feedback from output to input. Applying PWS to the bacterial chemotaxis system, consisting of 182 coupled chemical reactions, demonstrates not only that the scheme is highly efficient, but also that the number of receptor clusters is much smaller than hitherto believed, while their size is much larger., Comment: 19 pages (+ 14 pages appendix), 9 figures

Published
2022
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63. Examining the Impact of a Field Trip in Nature on Students' Environmental Perceptions and Feelings of Empowerment: A Case Study from the ACMES STEM Summer Camp

Author

Archana Prasad, Pankaj Lal, Bernabas Wolde, Michelle Zhu, Bharat Kumar Samanthula, and Nicole Panorkou

Abstract

Nearly 80% of the total American population lives within the urban sprawl, where rapid urbanization has contributed to an immense reduction of green space. Loss of woods, fields, and other green areas, in conjunction with adolescent preference for indoor and screen-based activities, has led to decreased time spent outdoors. However, studies show that time spent outdoors can lead to reduced rates of depression and anxiety, measurable decreases in blood pressure, and improvements in mood and confidence. With an increase in rates of anxiety seen in adolescents over the past decade, spending time in the wilderness may prove to be an accessible method of anxiety mitigation. This study uses data collected from pre-post surveys (n=41) conducted during a STEM summer day camp field trip to Stokes State Forest in northwestern New Jersey to determine how exposure to nature contributes to adolescents' environmental perceptions and feelings of empowerment, while also addressing critical methodological gaps that exist in previous studies. Respondents, who were of ages 10-13 at the time of data collection, were asked about their previous experiences of participating in nature-based activities, feelings of being in the natural environment, and concerns about the future. Results show that after the field trip ended, students felt more optimistic about the future and that they believed more strongly that human activity damaged the environment. A regression analysis indicates positive relationships between feelings of optimism and empowerment after the day in the forest, grade, and week attended, suggesting that younger children benefitted more than older children and that their camp mentor expertise, played a large influence on the campers. These results can be helpful for recognizing the value of adolescent's nature-based experiences in improving their environmental perceptions.

Published
2023

64. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990–2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050

Author

Naghavi, Mohsen, Vollset, Stein Emil, Ikuta, Kevin S, Swetschinski, Lucien R, Gray, Authia P, Wool, Eve E, Robles Aguilar, Gisela, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Smith, Georgia, Han, Chieh, Hsu, Rebecca L, Chalek, Julian, Araki, Daniel T, Chung, Erin, Raggi, Catalina, Gershberg Hayoon, Anna, Davis Weaver, Nicole, Lindstedt, Paulina A, Smith, Amanda E, Altay, Umut, Bhattacharjee, Natalia V, Giannakis, Konstantinos, Fell, Frederick, McManigal, Barney, Ekapirat, Nattwut, Mendes, Jessica Andretta, Runghien, Tilleye, Srimokla, Oraya, Abdelkader, Atef, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abualruz, Hasan, Abubakar, Usman, Abukhadijah, Hana J, Aburuz, Salahdein, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Achalapong, Sureerak, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Adzigbli, Leticia Akua, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Agodi, Antonella, Ahlstrom, Austin J, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Ibrar, Ahmed, Mohammed, Ahmed, Saeed, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed, Al Awaidy, Salah, Al Thaher, Yazan, Alalalmeh, Samer O, AlBataineh, Mohammad T, Aldhaleei, Wafa A, Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed, Alhaji, Nma Bida, Ali, Abid, Ali, Liaqat, Ali, Syed Shujait, Ali, Waad, Allel, Kasim, Al-Marwani, Sabah, Alrawashdeh, Ahmad, Altaf, Awais, Al-Tammemi, Alaa B., Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A, Alzoubi, Karem H, Al-Zyoud, Walid Adnan, Amos, Ben, Amuasi, John H, Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrews, Jason R, Anil, Abhishek, Anuoluwa, Iyadunni Adesola, Anvari, Saeid, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Apostol, Geminn Louis Carace, Arabloo, Jalal, Arafat, Mosab, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Areda, Demelash, Aremu, Abdulfatai, Artamonov, Anton A, Ashley, Elizabeth A, Asika, Marvellous O, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Awoke, Tewachew, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azam, James Mba, Aziz, Shahkaar, Azzam, Ahmed Y., Babaei, Mahsa, Babin, Francois-Xavier, Badar, Muhammad, Baig, Atif Amin, Bajcetic, Milica, Baker, Stephen, Bardhan, Mainak, Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat, Basharat, Zarrin, Basiru, Afisu, Bastard, Mathieu, Basu, Saurav, Bayleyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew, Belete, Melaku Ashagrie, Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja, Beloukas, Apostolos, Berkley, James A, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhuyan, Soumitra S, Bielicki, Julia A, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Brown, Colin Stewart, Browne, Annie J, Buonsenso, Danilo, Bustanji, Yasser, Carvalheiro, Cristina G, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Cenderadewi, Muthia, Chadwick, Joshua, Chakraborty, Sandip, Chandika, Rama Mohan, Chandy, Sara, Chansamouth, Vilada, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaudhary, Anis Ahmad, Ching, Patrick R, Chopra, Hitesh, Chowdhury, Fazle Rabbi, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chutiyami, Muhammad, Cruz-Martins, Natalia, da Silva, Alanna Gomes, Dadras, Omid, Dai, Xiaochen, Darcho, Samuel D, Das, Saswati, De la Hoz, Fernando Pio, Dekker, Denise Myriam, Dhama, Kuldeep, Diaz, Daniel, Dickson, Benjamin Felix Rothschild, Djorie, Serge Ghislain, Dodangeh, Milad, Dohare, Sushil, Dokova, Klara Georgieva, Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai, Dowou, Robert Kokou, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Dunachie, Susanna J, Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian, Eckmanns, Tim, Ed-Dra, Abdelaziz, Eftekharimehrabad, Aziz, Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus, El Sayed, Iman, Elhadi, Muhammed, El-Huneidi, Waseem, Elias, Christelle, Ellis, Sally J, Elsheikh, Randa, Elsohaby, Ibrahim, Eltaha, Chadi, Eshrati, Babak, Eslami, Majid, Eyre, David William, Fadaka, Adewale Oluwaseun, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Fahim, Ayesha, Fakhri-Demeshghieh, Aliasghar, Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo, Fasina, Modupe Margaret, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Feasey, Nicholas A, Feizkhah, Alireza, Fekadu, Ginenus, Fischer, Florian, Fitriana, Ida, Forrest, Karen M, Fortuna Rodrigues, Celia, Fuller, John E, Gadanya, Muktar A, Gajdács, Márió, Gandhi, Aravind P, Garcia-Gallo, Esteban E, Garrett, Denise O, Gautam, Rupesh K, Gebregergis, Miglas Welay, Gebrehiwot, Mesfin, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Geffers, Christine, Georgalis, Leonidas, Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed, Golechha, Mahaveer, Golinelli, Davide, Gordon, Melita, Gulati, Snigdha, Gupta, Rajat Das, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Vijai Kumar, Habteyohannes, Awoke Derbie, Haller, Sebastian, Harapan, Harapan, Harrison, Michelle L, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hasan, Ikramul, Hasan, Rumina Syeda, Hasani, Hamidreza, Haselbeck, Andrea Haekyung, Hasnain, Md Saquib, Hassan, Ikrama Ibrahim, Hassan, Shoaib, Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei, Mahgol Sadat, Hayat, Khezar, He, Jiawei, Hegazi, Omar E, Heidari, Mohammad, Hezam, Kamal, Holla, Ramesh, Holm, Marianne, Hopkins, Heidi, Hossain, Md Mahbub, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hussein, Nawfal R, Huy, Le Duc, Ibáñez-Prada, Elsa D, Ikiroma, Adalia, Ilic, Irena M, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Ismail, Faisal, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Iwu, Chidozie Declan, Iwu-Jaja, Chinwe Juliana, Jafarzadeh, Abdollah, Jaiteh, Fatoumatta, Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, Reza, Jamora, Roland Dominic G, Javidnia, Javad, Jawaid, Talha, Jenney, Adam W J, Jeon, Hyon Jin, Jokar, Mohammad, Jomehzadeh, Nabi, Joo, Tamas, Joseph, Nitin, Kamal, Zul, Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem, Kantar, Rami S, Kapisi, James Apollo, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khalid, Nauman, Khamesipour, Faham, Khan, Ajmal, Khan, Mohammad Jobair, Khan, Muhammad Tariq, Khanal, Vishnu, Khidri, Feriha Fatima, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Khusuwan, Suwimon, Kim, Min Seo, Kisa, Adnan, Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Krapp, Fiorella, Krumkamp, Ralf, Kuddus, Mohammed, Kulimbet, Mukhtar, Kumar, Dewesh, Kumaran, Emmanuelle A P, Kuttikkattu, Ambily, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Landires, Iván, Lawal, Basira Kankia, Le, Thao Thi Thu, Lederer, Ingeborg Maria, Lee, Munjae, Lee, Seung Won, Lepape, Alain, Lerango, Temesgen Leka, Ligade, Virendra S, Lim, Cherry, Lim, Stephen S, Limenh, Liknaw Workie, Liu, Chaojie, Liu, Xiaofeng, Liu, Xuefeng, Loftus, Michael J, M Amin, Hawraz Ibrahim, Maass, Kelsey Lynn, Maharaj, Sandeep B, Mahmoud, Mansour Adam, Maikanti-Charalampous, Panagiota, Makram, Omar M, Malhotra, Kashish, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Mandilara, Georgia D, Marks, Florian, Martinez-Guerra, Bernardo Alfonso, Martorell, Miquel, Masoumi-Asl, Hossein, Mathioudakis, Alexander G, May, Juergen, McHugh, Theresa A, Meiring, James, Meles, Hadush Negash, Melese, Addisu, Melese, Endalkachew Belayneh, Minervini, Giuseppe, Mohamed, Nouh Saad, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Syam, Mokdad, Ali H, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli, Moore, Catrin E, Moradi, Yousef, Mossialos, Elias, Mougin, Vincent, Mukoro, George Duke, Mulita, Francesk, Muller-Pebody, Berit, Murillo-Zamora, Efren, Musa, Sani, Musicha, Patrick, Musila, Lillian A, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naghavi, Pirouz, Nainu, Firzan, Nair, Tapas Sadasivan, Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid, Natto, Zuhair S, Nauman, Javaid, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Nchanji, G Takop, Ndishimye, Pacifique, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Nguyen, QuynhAnh P, Noman, Efaq Ali, Nwakanma, Davis C, O'Brien, Seamus, Ochoa, Theresa J, Odetokun, Ismail A, Ogundijo, Oluwaseun Adeolu, Ojo-Akosile, Tolulope R, Okeke, Sylvester Reuben, Okonji, Osaretin Christabel, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olivas-Martinez, Antonio, Olorukooba, Abdulhakeem Abayomi, Olwoch, Peter, Onyedibe, Kenneth Ikenna, Ortiz-Brizuela, Edgar, Osuolale, Olayinka, Ounchanum, Pradthana, Oyeyemi, Oyetunde T, P A, Mahesh Padukudru, Paredes, Jose L, Parikh, Romil R, Patel, Jay, Patil, Shankargouda, Pawar, Shrikant, Peleg, Anton Y, Peprah, Prince, Perdigão, João, Perrone, Carlo, Petcu, Ionela-Roxana, Phommasone, Koukeo, Piracha, Zahra Zahid, Poddighe, Dimitri, Pollard, Andrew J, Poluru, Ramesh, Ponce-De-Leon, Alfredo, Puvvula, Jagadeesh, Qamar, Farah Naz, Qasim, Nameer Hashim, Rafai, Clotaire Donatien, Raghav, Pankaja, Rahbarnia, Leila, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Ramadan, Hazem, Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran, Ramesh, Pushkal Sinduvadi, Ramteke, Pramod W, Rana, Rishabh Kumar, Rani, Usha, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Rathish, Devarajan, Rattanavong, Sayaphet, Rawaf, Salman, Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed, Reyes, Luis Felipe, Roberts, Tamalee, Robotham, Julie V, Rosenthal, Victor Daniel, Ross, Allen Guy, Roy, Nitai, Rudd, Kristina E, Sabet, Cameron John, Saddik, Basema Ahmad, Saeb, Mohammad Reza, Saeed, Umar, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Saengchan, Weeravoot, Safaei, Mohsen, Saghazadeh, Amene, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop, Sahu, Maitreyi, Saki, Morteza, Salam, Nasir, Saleem, Zikria, Saleh, Mohamed A, Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo, Samy, Abdallah M, Saravanan, Aswini, Satpathy, Maheswar, Schumacher, Austin E, Sedighi, Mansour, Seekaew, Samroeng, Shafie, Mahan, Shah, Pritik A, Shahid, Samiah, Shahwan, Moyad Jamal, Shakoor, Sadia, Shalev, Noga, Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib, Shamshirgaran, Mohammad Ali, Shamsi, Anas, Sharifan, Amin, Shastry, Rajesh P, Shetty, Mahabalesh, Shittu, Aminu, Shrestha, Sunil, Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar, Sideroglou, Theologia, Sifuentes-Osornio, Jose, Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues, Simões, Eric A F, Simpson, Andrew J H, Singh, Amit, Singh, Surjit, Sinto, Robert, Soliman, Sameh S M, Soraneh, Soroush, Stoesser, Nicole, Stoeva, Temenuga Zhekova, Swain, Chandan Kumar, Szarpak, Lukasz, T Y, Sree Sudha, Tabatabai, Shima, Tabche, Celine, Taha, Zanan Mohammed-Ameen, Tan, Ker-Kan, Tasak, Nidanuch, Tat, Nathan Y, Thaiprakong, Areerat, Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan, Tigoi, Caroline Chepngeno, Tiwari, Krishna, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tran, Thang Huu, Tumurkhuu, Munkhtuya, Turner, Paul, Udoakang, Aniefiok John, Udoh, Arit, Ullah, Noor, Ullah, Saeed, Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj, Valenti, Mario, Vos, Theo, Vu, Huong T L, Waheed, Yasir, Walker, Ann Sarah, Walson, Judd L, Wangrangsimakul, Tri, Weerakoon, Kosala Gayan, Wertheim, Heiman F L, Williams, Phoebe C M, Wolde, Asrat Arja, Wozniak, Teresa M, Wu, Felicia, Wu, Zenghong, Yadav, Mukesh Kumar Kumar, Yaghoubi, Sajad, Yahaya, Zwanden Sule, Yarahmadi, Amir, Yezli, Saber, Yismaw, Yazachew Engida, Yon, Dong Keon, Yuan, Chun-Wei, Yusuf, Hadiza, Zakham, Fathiah, Zamagni, Giulia, Zhang, Haijun, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zumla, Alimuddin, Zyoud, Sa'ed H. H, Zyoud, Samer H, Hay, Simon I, Stergachis, Andy, Sartorius, Benn, Cooper, Ben S, Dolecek, Christiane, and Murray, Christopher J L

Published
2024
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67. Risk assessment tools for bleeding in patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism: an analysis of the PLATO-VTE study

Author

Guman, Noori A.M., Becking, Anne-Marie L., Weijers, Suzanne S., Kraaijpoel, Noémie, Mulder, Frits I., Carrier, Marc, Jara-Palomares, Luis, Di Nisio, Marcello, Ageno, Walter, Beyer-Westendorf, Jan, Klok, Frederikus A., Vanassche, Thomas, Otten, Johannes M.M.B., Cosmi, Benilde, Peters, Mike J.L., Wolde, Marije ten, Delluc, Aurélien, Sanchez-Lopez, Veronica, Porreca, Ettore, Bossuyt, Patrick M.M., Gerdes, Victor E.A., Büller, Harry R., van Es, Nick, and Kamphuisen, Pieter W.

Published
2024
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70. Synthetic biology approaches to exploring property-function relationships of reflective proteins for adaptive colouration and repellence

Author

Wolde-Michael, Emmanuel, Scrutton, Nigel, Takano, Eriko, and Blaker, Jonny

Abstract

Through natural selection, nature has optimised highly complex systems, processes, and structures to achieve a broad range of functions. Materials produced in nature have evolved to efficiently perform functions such as structural support, signal transduction, actuation, sensing, light harvesting, charge transfer, self-assembly, and self-replication. Taking inspiration from natural design principles, architectures, and other heavily optimised features can provide a template for the design of biomimetic functional materials (responsive, autonomous, self-healing, etc.) for a variety of uses. In the same light, photonic structures in nature have been fine-tuned for over 520 million years to yield a remarkable array of hierarchical micro- and nanostructures for various light-matter interactions. In this regard, cephalopods (squid, octopus, and cuttlefish) have mastered the ability to rapidly and precisely tune their dermal colouration, patterning, and texture for both camouflage and signalling. This neurochemically-modulated ability allows for unparalleled adaptive camouflage through a complex, layered system of optically-active, proteinaceous nanostructures (collectively known as chromophores) which reflect, filter, and scatter incident light. Since the discovery of the highly-reflective, self-assembling protein known as reflectins - the active component of chromophores - many have taken to exploiting these proteins for the fabrication of optically-active materials. In this context, this thesis describes the utilisation of synthetic biology approaches, synthetic and analytical chemistry techniques, and materials fabrication and characterisation methods to investigate reflectin properties, design, fabricate, and characterise reflectin-based materials, and develop novel materials exploiting reflectin properties. The angle-dependent optical properties of several reflectin thin-films were characterised over the UV-Vis-NIR region, with previously unreported angle-dependent reflectance properties revealed. Through the design and fabrication of a bio-inspired multilayer reflector, this angle-dependence was subsequently modulated while conserving single-layer optical properties. The design, fabrication, and characterisation of a novel method to control the optical properties of reflectin-based thin-films was then described; photo-induced isomerism. Following this, we report our investigations into the optical properties of cellulose nanocrystal films, the integration of reflectins into these materials, and the characterisation of reflectin/cellulose humidity-responsive materials. We describe the characterisation of full-length reflectin assembly properties alongside its corresponding N-terminal motif, and our efforts to modulate reflectin hydrophobicity via post-translational modification and post-fabrication hydrophobic-treatment. Finally, due to their relatively high proton conductivity, we investigate reflectins as a potential platform for neural tissue engineering, revealing how covalent functionalization with native reflectin enhances proton/ion conduction, promotes enhanced metabolic activity and proliferation, and supports differentiation of analogue neuronal NG108-15 cells. Together, these findings may represent a key step towards the development of the next-generation of reflectin-based materials. Further investigating the design space, including thin-film structure and morphology, thickness and bilayer interactions, concentration and formulation, and methods of fabrication will facilitate the development of the next-generation of advanced optical materials for adaptive colouration.

Published
2022

74. The Resistance Movement of the Mareko People against the Fascist Aggression and Occupation in South-central Ethiopia

Author

Tesfaye Getachew, Yohannes and Wolde-Michael Jima, Buruk

Subjects
Aggression, Mareko people, resistance, occupation, collaboration, Italian rule
Abstract

The primary objective of the present paper is to explore the patriotic resistance movement of the Mareko people of south-central Ethiopia against Italy’s colonialist aggression and five-year occupation between 1935 and 1941. The paper also uncovers the role played by the Mareko people and other ethno-linguistic individual freedom fighters who opposed the Fascist administration within the Mareko woreda (district). Though the then governor of the Dobena sub-district and his officers became the leading collaborators (banda) with the Fascist administrators, the majority of the Mareko people strongly resisted these detractors. Like other nations, nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia, the estimated 110 Mareko marched against the invaders at the battle of Maychew in 1936 despite enduring major casualties. Acknowledging the local spiritual leadership of Wärѐqѐ Märeyamѐ and Qegnazmach Tuji Anjilo, this paper celebrates the local Mareko defiance in staving off the encroaching Italian regime’s divide and rule tactics specifically, and retaliatory colonialism in general.

Published
2022

75. Robust replication initiation from coupled homeostatic mechanisms

Author

Berger, Mareike and Wolde, Pieter Rein ten

Subjects
Physics - Biological Physics
Abstract

The bacterium Escherichia coli initiates replication once per cell cycle at a precise volume per origin and adds an on average constant volume between successive initiation events, independent of the initiation size. Yet, a molecular model that can explain these observations has been lacking. Experiments indicate that E. coli controls replication initiation via titration and activation of the initiator protein DnaA. Here, we study by mathematical modelling how these two mechanisms interact to generate robust replication-initiation cycles. We first show that a mechanism solely based on titration generates stable replication cycles at low growth rates, but inevitably causes premature reinitiation events at higher growth rates. In this regime, the DnaA activation switch becomes essential for stable replication initiation. Conversely, while the activation switch alone yields robust rhythms at high growth rates, titration can strongly enhance the stability of the switch at low growth rates. Our analysis thus predicts that both mechanisms together drive robust replication cycles at all growth rates. In addition, it reveals how an origin-density sensor yields adder correlations., Comment: 12 pages and 5 figures, resubmitted for Nature Communications, added updated Supplemental Material

Published
2021
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76. Energetic constraints on filament mediated cell polarization

Author

Wierenga, Harmen and Wolde, Pieter Rein ten

Subjects
Physics - Biological Physics, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Quantitative Biology - Subcellular Processes
Abstract

Cell polarization underlies many cellular processes, such as differentiation, migration, and budding. Many living cells, such as budding yeast and fission yeast, use cytoskeletal structures to actively transport proteins to one location on the membrane and create a high density spot of membrane-bound proteins. Yet, the thermodynamic constraints on filament-based cell polarization remain unknown. We show by mathematical modeling that cell polarization requires detailed balance to be broken, and we quantify the free-energy cost of maintaining a polarized state of the cell. Our study reveals that detailed balance cannot only be broken via the active transport of proteins along filaments, but also via a chemical modification cycle, allowing detailed balance to be broken by the shuttling of proteins between the filament, membrane, and cytosol. Our model thus shows that cell polarization can be established via two distinct driving mechanisms, one based on active transport and one based on non-equilibrium binding. Furthermore, the model predicts that the driven binding process dissipates orders of magnitude less free-energy than the transport-based process to create the same membrane spot. Active transport along filaments may be sufficient to create a polarized distribution of membrane-bound proteins, but an additional chemical modification cycle of the proteins themselves is more efficient and less sensitive to the physical exclusion of proteins on the transporting filaments, providing insight in the design principles of the Pom1/Tea1/Tea4 system in fission yeast and the Cdc42 system in budding yeast., Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures

Published
2021
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77. MasakhaNER: Named Entity Recognition for African Languages

Author

Adelani, David Ifeoluwa, Abbott, Jade, Neubig, Graham, D'souza, Daniel, Kreutzer, Julia, Lignos, Constantine, Palen-Michel, Chester, Buzaaba, Happy, Rijhwani, Shruti, Ruder, Sebastian, Mayhew, Stephen, Azime, Israel Abebe, Muhammad, Shamsuddeen, Emezue, Chris Chinenye, Nakatumba-Nabende, Joyce, Ogayo, Perez, Aremu, Anuoluwapo, Gitau, Catherine, Mbaye, Derguene, Alabi, Jesujoba, Yimam, Seid Muhie, Gwadabe, Tajuddeen, Ezeani, Ignatius, Niyongabo, Rubungo Andre, Mukiibi, Jonathan, Otiende, Verrah, Orife, Iroro, David, Davis, Ngom, Samba, Adewumi, Tosin, Rayson, Paul, Adeyemi, Mofetoluwa, Muriuki, Gerald, Anebi, Emmanuel, Chukwuneke, Chiamaka, Odu, Nkiruka, Wairagala, Eric Peter, Oyerinde, Samuel, Siro, Clemencia, Bateesa, Tobius Saul, Oloyede, Temilola, Wambui, Yvonne, Akinode, Victor, Nabagereka, Deborah, Katusiime, Maurice, Awokoya, Ayodele, MBOUP, Mouhamadane, Gebreyohannes, Dibora, Tilaye, Henok, Nwaike, Kelechi, Wolde, Degaga, Faye, Abdoulaye, Sibanda, Blessing, Ahia, Orevaoghene, Dossou, Bonaventure F. P., Ogueji, Kelechi, DIOP, Thierno Ibrahima, Diallo, Abdoulaye, Akinfaderin, Adewale, Marengereke, Tendai, and Osei, Salomey

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

We take a step towards addressing the under-representation of the African continent in NLP research by creating the first large publicly available high-quality dataset for named entity recognition (NER) in ten African languages, bringing together a variety of stakeholders. We detail characteristics of the languages to help researchers understand the challenges that these languages pose for NER. We analyze our datasets and conduct an extensive empirical evaluation of state-of-the-art methods across both supervised and transfer learning settings. We release the data, code, and models in order to inspire future research on African NLP., Comment: Accepted to TACL 2021, pre-MIT Press publication version

Published
2021

88. Prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus infection and associated factors in children aged under five years with severe acute respiratory illness and influenza-like illness in Ethiopia

Author

Tayachew, Adamu, Teka, Gizaw, Gebeyehu, Ayele, Shure, Wolde, Biru, Mengistu, Chekol, Leuleseged, Berkessa, Tsegaye, Tigabu, Eyasu, Gizachew, Lehageru, Agune, Admikew, Gonta, Melaku, Hailemariam, Aster, Gedefaw, Ergetu, Woldeab, Adane, Alemu, Ayinalem, Getaneh, Yimam, Lisanwork, Leuel, Yibeltal, Kalkidan, Abate, Ebba, Abayneh, Aschalew, Wossen, Mesfin, Hailu, Mesay, and Workineh, Firehiwot

Published
2024
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94. Particle Diffusivity and Free-Energy Profiles in Inhomogeneous Hydrogel Systems from Time-Resolved Penetration Profiles

Author

Wolde-Kidan, Amanuel, Herrmann, Anna, Prause, Albert, Gradzielski, Michael, Haag, Rainer, Block, Stephan, and Netz, Roland R.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

A combined experimental/theoretical method to simultaneously determine diffusivity and free-energy profiles of particles that penetrate into inhomogeneous hydrogel systems is presented. As the only input, arbitrarily normalized concentration profiles from fluorescence intensity data of labeled tracer particles for different penetration times are needed. The method is applied to dextran molecules of varying size which penetrate into hydrogels of polyethylene-glycol (PEG) chains with different lengths that are covalently cross-linked by hyperbranched polyglycerol (hPG) hubs. Extracted dextran bulk diffusivities agree well with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy data obtained separately. Scaling laws for dextran diffusivities and free energies inside the hydrogel are identified as a function of the dextran mass. An elastic free-volume model that includes dextran as well as PEG linker flexibility describes the repulsive dextran-hydrogel interaction free energy, which is of steric origin, quantitatively and furthermore suggests that the hydrogel mesh-size distribution is rather broad and particle penetration is dominated by large hydrogel pores. Particle penetration into hydrogels is for steric particle-hydrogel interactions thus suggested to be governed by an elastic size-filtering mechanism that involves the tail of the hydrogel pore-size distribution.

Published
2020
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