Search

[Display omitted] • The first time using CBAM-CNN to predict particle size distribution during fluidized bed granulation. • The CBAM-CNN model was optimized by introducing Bayesian optimization and C-Mixup algorithms. • The performance of CBAM-CNN was compared to other classic models. • The modeling convenience of CBAM-CNN was evaluated. Monitoring the particle size distribution (PSD) is crucial for controlling product quality during fluidized bed granulation. This paper proposed a rapid analytical method that quantifies the D10, D50, and D90 values using a Convolutional Block Attention Module-Convolutional Neural Network (CBAM-CNN) framework tailored for deep learning with near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. This innovative framework, which fuses CBAM with CNN, excels at extracting intricate features while prioritizing crucial ones, thereby facilitating the creation of a robust multi-output regression model. To expand the training dataset, we incorporated the C-Mixup algorithm, ensuring that the deep learning model was trained comprehensively. Additionally, the Bayesian optimization algorithm was introduced to optimize the hyperparameters, improving the prediction performance of the deep learning model. Compared with the commonly used Partial Least Squares (PLS), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models, the CBAM-CNN model yielded higher prediction accuracy. Furthermore, the CBAM-CNN model avoided spectral preprocessing, preserved the spectral information to the maximum extent, and returned multiple predicted values at one time without degrading the prediction accuracy. Therefore, the CBAM-CNN model showed better prediction performance and modeling convenience for analyzing PSD values in fluidized bed granulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Control of symmetry breaking of materials provides large opportunities to regulate their properties and functions. Herein, we report breaking the symmetry of layered dipeptide crystals by utilizing CO 2 to induce the adjacent monomolecular layers to stack from the opposite to the same direction. The role of CO 2 is to cover the interlayer interaction sites and force the dipeptides to adsorb at asymmetric positions. Further, the dipeptide crystals exhibit far superior piezoelectricity after symmetry breaking and the piezoelectric voltage generated from the dipeptide-based generators becomes more than 500 % higher than before. This work reveals a potential route to engineer structures and properties of layered materials and provides a deep insight into the control of non-covalent interactions., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Polyoxometalates (POMs) have attracted much attention in the field of photochromic materials. However, POM-based photochromic supramolecular hydrogels with high transparency and good photochromic properties are seldom reported. In this work, a homogenous, optically transparent, injectable, and photochromic supramolecular hydrogel was fabricated through the coassembly of ammonium heptamolybdate (Mo 7 ) and an imidazolium-based zwitterionic amphiphile (3-(1-hexadecyl-3-imidazolio)propanesulfonate (C 16 IPS)). The balance between electrostatic attraction and repulsion of Mo 7 clusters and zwitterionic amphiphiles enables them to coassemble into a homogenous and transparent supramolecular hydrogel. By adjusting the molar ratio of C 16 IPS/Mo 7 , ordered spherical micelle-based hydrogels and aligned wormlike micelle-based hydrogels can be obtained. The incorporation of Mo 7 into hydrogels endows these hydrogels with excellent photochromic properties. Specifically, after coassembly with C 16 IPS, the photochromic ability of hydrogels is significantly enhanced compared with that of a pure aqueous solution of Mo 7 . These hydrogels exhibit great potential applications as photochromic materials for the recording of rewritable information., (© 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

The co-existence of electrostatic attraction and repulsion between zwitterionic amphiphile and anionic polyoxometalate (POM) promotes the formation of aqueous inorganic-organic coassemblies. Injectable, luminescent supramolecular hydrogels have been fabricated by using this novel and versatile technique. Hydrogels with different characteristics can be flexibly manipulated by adjusting the molar ratios of compounds. Interestingly, a linear relationship between the luminescence intensity and temperature accompanying the sol-gel transition was observed. In addition, the emission properties of the hydrogels were sensitive to external acid and base gasses. Such multi-stimuli responsive luminescent hydrogels provide an attractive pathway to construct intelligent optical soft materials, especially for biological sensors for which stimuli responsiveness is necessary., (© 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

A low-molecular-weight supramolecular hydrogel has been fabricated based on host-guest interactions between β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and an asymmetric gemini zwitterionic liquid (ZIL) containing an azobenzene and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. Reversible sol-gel phase transitions were triggered by light and temperature. The binding stoichiometry, mainly noncovalent interactions in the hydrogel, photo- and thermoresponsive mechanisms, and mode of inclusion in the complex were studied in detail by NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and control experiments. Interestingly, the β-CD in the complex can be photo-manipulated to shuttle along the guest molecule, accompanied by a change in the circular dichroism signals. Reversible switching of the conductivity accompanies the sol-gel phase transition, which demonstrates the stability of the supramolecular hydrogel and its potential application in multi-stimuli-responsive electric sensor materials., (© 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Gelation mechanism is of utmost importance to the rational design of supramolecular hydrogelators. Although both kinetic and thermodynamic controlled self-assembly processes have been widely studied in hydrogels, the formation relationship between crystalline and amorphous gel networks still remains ambiguous. Herein, a gelation transformation from a kinetic to a thermodynamic process was achieved by balancing the rigidity and flexibility of the inorganic-organic co-assemblies. By using polyoxometalates and zwitterionic amphiphiles, the transition morphologies between crystalline and amorphous hydrogel networks were evidenced for the first time, as ordered wormlike micelles. Given the versatile applications of hydrogels in biological systems and materials science, these findings may highlight the potential of inorganic-organic binary supramolecular hydrogelators and fill in the blank between kinetic and thermodynamic controlled gelation processes., (© 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)