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Novel molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation polymerization with sunset yellow as the template and [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride as the functional monomer. The molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and their specific surface area and thermal stability were measured. The molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles had a high adsorption capacity in wide pH range (pH 1-8) for sunset yellow. The adsorption equilibrium only needed 5 min, and the quantitative desorption was very fast (1 min) by using 10.0 mol/L HCl as the eluant. The maximum adsorption capacity of the molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for sunset yellow was 144.6 mg/g. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic were well consistent with Langmuir adsorption model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. The relative selectivity coefficients of the molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for tartrazine and carmine were 9.766 and 12.64, respectively. The prepared molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles were repeatedly used and regenerated ten times without significant absorption capacity decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the findings of a large-scale, multi-center study conducted in China on the safety and risk factors associated with subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) using a house dust mite (HDM) formulation. The study included 3,132 patients with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma who underwent SCIT. The results showed a low incidence of systemic reactions (SRs) during SCIT, with the majority of SRs being mild. Risk factors for SRs included asthma, disease duration exceeding five years, and high sensitization. The study emphasizes the importance of personalized therapy, early initiation of immunotherapy, and close monitoring to minimize SR risks. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: To evaluate the impact of smoking statuses on disease severity and subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) efficacy in allergic rhinitis (AR)., Study Design: Open observational cohort study., Setting: Tertiary referral center., Methods: Five hundred and five AR patients undergoing dust mite allergen SCIT were categorized into never smokers, former smokers, and current smokers. AR severity was assessed using widely employed questionnaires. The changes in questionnaire scores pre- and post-SCIT were evaluated for SCIT efficacy. The differences in disease severity and SCIT efficacy were compared for different smoking statuses among AR patients., Results: Compared to never smokers, former and current smokers exhibited higher proportion of male, alcohol, and asthma (P < .05). Current smokers had a greater prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis than former smokers (P < .05). Before SCIT, AR severity was similar across 3 groups, even after adjusting for confounders (P > .05). Current smokers reported lower SCIT efficacy in the first year (P < .05). By the third year, 3 groups showed comparable long-term efficacy (P > .05). However, current smokers experienced a significant decrease in benefits 2 years post-SCIT (P < .05) and lower improvement rates at the end of the 3-years SCIT period and 2 years following SCIT (P < .05)., Conclusion: AR patients across different smoking statuses demonstrated similar baseline disease severity and long-time SCIT efficacy. Active smoking was associated with increased asthma risk, delayed early SCIT efficacy perception, reduced improvement over 3 years, and diminished benefits 2 years after SCIT. Prompt smoking cessation is crucial to mitigate these effects., (© 2024 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation.)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-exacerbated respiratory disease （N-ERD） is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by eosinophilic inflammation, featuring chronic rhinosinusitis （CRS）, asthma, and intolerance to cyclooxygenase 1 （COX-1） inhibitors. The use of these medications can lead to an acute worsening of rhinitis and asthma symptoms. This condition has not yet received sufficient attention in China, with a high rate of misdiagnosis and a lack of related research. The Chinese Rhinology Research Group convened a group of leading young experts in otolaryngology from across the country, based on the latest domestic and international evidence-based medical practices to formulate this consensus.The consensus covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for N-ERD, including pharmacotherapy, surgery, biologic treatments, and desensitization therapy. The goal is to improve recognition of N-ERD, reduce misdiagnosis, and enhance treatment outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objective: To investigate the clinical features of neuroendocrine carcinoma of nose and skull base and the efficacy and prognosis of endoscopic resection. Methods: The clinical data of 7 patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma of nose and skull base treated by endoscopic surgery were retrospectively analyzed. According to the international TNM staging, there were 1 case of stage Ⅰ, 1 case of stage Ⅱ, 1 case of stage Ⅲ, 1 case of stage ⅣA and 3 cases of stage ⅣB. All patients were treated by endoscopic surgery, including 1 case of postoperative radiotherapy, 1 case of chemotherapy and 3 cases of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Results: During the follow-up of 9-58 months, 2 cases died after recurrence, 1 case had ipsilateral cervical lymph node metastasis（tumor-free survival after neck dissection）, and 4 cases had tumor-free survival at the last follow-up. Conclusion: At present, there is no standard treatment for neuroendocrine carcinoma of the nose and skull base. The comprehensive treatment based on complete resection of the tumor by endoscopic surgery is an effective and feasible treatment., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objective: To study surgical techniques and clinical applications of the intranasal endoscopic combined middle meatus and expand prelacrimal recess-maxillary ainus approach for orbital fracture treatment., Method: A retrospective clinical analysis of 3 patients whose admitted for orbital floor fractures or medial wall fractures operated by the intranasal endoscopic middle meatus with expand prelacrimal recess-maxillary ainus approach surgical treatment was studied, and the treatment effects and the postoperative complications were analyzed., Result: All patients had been followed up for 6 to 12 months. All cases of diplopia symptom were disappeared, enophthalmos were totally corrected, no cases of complication were found., Conclusion: Endonasal endoscopic combined middle meatus and expand prelacrimal recess-maxillary ainus approach for orbital fracture treatment have great and clear view. This approach with less tissue damage and high therapeutic effect makes the cost lower than other methods and complications will be decreased as well, it has a great advantage in the orbital fracture treatment.

Objective: To explore a new method for horizontal segment of uncinate process classification from image of nasal sinus., Methods: On the level of horizontal segment of uncinate process of nasal sinus high resolution CT (HRCT) coronal scan. A vertical line and a parallel line were drawn started from the fornix top of the inferior meatus and orbital floor. The uncinate process which suited in the 'Cross' regional was divided into four types by these lines. These were: intra-superior, intra-inferior and extra-superior, extra-inferior. According to this method, 119 patients with chronic sinusitis which were divided into these four types by the imaging classification for horizontal segment of uncinate process operated by functional endoscopic sinus surgery, and the treatment effects and the postoperative complications were analyzed., Results: These 119 chronic sinusitis patients (238 sides uncinated process) were divided into four types by the imaging classification for uncinated process. The amount of intra-superior types was 66.0% (157/238), the amount of intra-inferior types was 16.8% (40/238), the amount of extra-superior types was 13.9% (33/238), and the amount of extra-inferior types was 3.4% (8/238). Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was performed according to this classification. All maxillary sinus natural ostium were found. Two cases occured orbital board damage (one was intra-superior, the other was extra-inferior)., Conclusion: The imaging classification for horizontal segment of uncinate process demonstrates a guiding significance for us to predict the difficulty of the operation and prevent the complications.

Radioresistance continues to be a major problem in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study aimed to identify novel proteins associated with NPC radio-resistance. We used a mass spectrometry driven-proteomic strategy to identify novel proteins associated with NPC radio-resistance, and differential proteins were subsequently processed by bio-informatic analysis. As a result, twelve proteins were identified with aberrant expression in radioresistant (RR) NPC tissues compare to radiosensitive (RS) NPC tissues. Among these proteins, ERp29, Mn-SOD, HSP27 and GST ω1 were found to be significantly up-regulated in RR NPC tissues, and ERp29 was selected for further validation. Immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed that ERp29 was overexpressed in RR NPC tissues compared with RS NPC tissues. To prove the role of ERp29 in the induction of NPC radioresistance, ERp29 was down-regulated in the ERp29 enriched NPC cells CNE-1 and 6-10B by specific shRNA. Radiosensitivity was measured using cell proliferation assay and clonogenic survival assay, and cell apoptosis was measured using flow cytometric analysis. We found that ERp29 knockdown attenuated CNE-1 and 6-10B cell radioresistance and enhanced cell apoptosis. These results suggest that ERp29 associates with radioresistance in NPC, and ERp29 could be a potential biomarker for predicting NPC response to radiotherapy.

Objective: To investigate the allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis, to find common allergens of Changsha and to provide statistic basis for a reasonable prevention and treatment., Method: The allergens in 1437 patients with allergic rhinitis in Changsha were detected by skin prick test., Result: Eight hundred and ninety-eight (62.49%)of 1437 cases presented positive reaction. Among positive cases in inhalation group, the most common allergen was flour mite (98.33%), then were house dust mite (94.54%), mycetes II (19.27%) and weed (18.37%). Shrimp (35.41%) was the most common allergens in food group. And in childhood, adolescence and adulthood prick-positive cases, the ratio of more than 2 positive allergens were about 8.57%,18.04%, 19.15%., Conclusion: The study shows that the flour mite and house dust mite are the most common allergens in Changsha.

Objective: To evaluate the imaging characteristics of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of skull base., Method: Two patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of skull base in our hospital were reported, meanwhile the imaging characteristics were summarized and analyzed with the related literature., Result: The imaging feature of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of skull base was equal or low signal on MR T2-weighted and not obviously enhanced. The width of the soft tissue invaded in intracalvarium appeared much bigger than the width of bone destruction, and the lesion infiltrated along the dural surface., Conclusion: Characteristic imaging appearance of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of skull base have the significance in diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Objective: To explore the methods and feasibility of the transnasal endoscopic reconstruction of the nasal-skull base defect to manage the cerebrospinal fluid leaks using intranasal autologous grafts., Method: Ninety six nasal-skull base defect patients with cerebrospinal fluid leaks were managed under endoscope with intranasal autologous materials. The repair materials and methods for the management of the cerebrospinal fluid leaks were tailored based on the different location and size of nasal-skull base defect. Eighteen cases with nasal-skull base defects less than 0.5 cm in diameter were repaired by an overlay technique using free mucoperiosteal graft from the middle turbinate. Thirty five patients with defects in the ethmoid roof and ethmoid plate ranging in size from 0.5 to 1.0 cm in diameter were repaired by an overlay technique using a pedicled middle turbinate flaps. Twelve cases with defects in the sellar clivus ranging in size from 0.5 to 1.0 cm in diameter were repaired by an overlay technique using a pedicled septal mucoperiosteal grafts. Nineteen cases with a diameter of 1.0 to 1.5 cm defects were repaired using free septal cartilage and mucoperiosteal grafts. Seven cases with defects in the ethmoid roof and ethmoid plate ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 cm in diameter were repaired using a pedicled middle turbinate and ethmoid plate flaps. Five sellar clival defect cases ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 cm in diameter were repaired using ethmoid plate and pedicled septal mucoperiosteal flaps., Result: Six months to 6 years' follow up indicated that two patient developed postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks one year and two years after operation, respectively. One was successfully managed by conservative treatment. The other was successfully repaired by second surgery. Three patients developed transient postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak that was spontaneous recovered without special treatment. No other new postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks occurred., Conclusion: We concluded that transnasal endoscopic reconstruction of the nasal-skull base defect is a highly effective method for managing the cerebrospinal fluid leak with the advantage of easily obtaining the intranasal autologous materials. The autologous materials should be varied based on different size and location of the skull base defects.