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現在、中国社会は、世界規模のリスクのみならず、固有のリスクへの対応に迫られる複雑な時期に突入しているがゆえに、中国国内においてもリスク研究が重要視されてきた。しかし、本研究において、実証的な調査研究を支える理論研究を精査した結果、中国固有の社会・文化的コンテクストから論考する研究が少ないことが明らかとなった。一方で、圧縮された近代化や社会主義体制における市場経済化など中国独自の発展プロセスは、他国を参照しにくい特徴があるため、中国のリスク研究を整理しつつ、その固有の理論の発展を構想する必要性が浮上してきた。本稿では、多分野において展開される中国におけるリスク研究を概観した上で、とりわけ社会・文化的に構築される側面に依拠するリスクの捉え方の変容及びリスクが発生する背景の固有性を考察した。その結果、リスクの成因や特徴等を分析するといった社会の構造分析からリスクの多元的認知分析へと変化していることが明らかとなり、中でも、社会管理における政府の位置づけという中国固有の特徴との関連性が見出された。以上を踏まえ、今後の中国におけるリスク研究やガバナンス等に対する示唆を提示した。, Nowadays, it is often pointed out that Chinese society is entering a complex period of time when it is necessary to deal with not only global risks but also unique risks to China, so risk researches in China have be emphasized. However, in this research, it found when examining the theoretical studies that to support empirical research, there are few studies that are discussed from the socio-cultural context of China. Since China’s unique development process, such as compressed modernization and market economy in a socialist system, has characteristics that is difficult to refer to other countries, it has become necessary to organize its own risk researches and consider its own theoretical development. This paper gives an overview of China’s risk researches in multiple fields, and especially analyzes the transformation in the understanding of socio-culturally constructed risks and its unique backgrounds. As a result, it has become clear that the social structure analysis has be transformed into the multidimensional cognitive analysis of risk. And the relationship with the unique characteristic of China, which is the position of the government in social management, was found. Based on the above, suggestions for future risk research or risk governance could be presented.

Frame research, which has fl ourished since the 1980s, has been hailed as a new paradigm for studying the relationship between the media, public opinion formation, and social movements. This paper focuses on the use of frame theory in media research for two reasons. On the one hand, there is a need to rethink frame theory in the current situation of the rapid development of information technology. On the other hand, the possibility of new developments in frame theory can be seen from the progress of risk communication. In addition, this paper compares the situation of the use of frame theory in media studies in Japan and China. In Japan, research on risk communication and awareness formation has increased rapidly since the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident in 2011. In China, the rapid development of internet space, especially the activation of social media, has further complicated the structure that affects risk communication and perception, so new developments in frame theory are expected. As a result, in both Japan and China, the frame is used as a tool to analyze the social structure of reality or the process of structuring. In theoretical research, various themes have been examined, and a number of analyses have been made, but without reference to the characteristics of East Asian society, and without resulting in developments of the theory itself. In empirical research, the two countries have different emphases on frame production, content, and effect. From the broader perspective of communication studies, when examining framing effects, the two countries have different focuses on their relationship with public opinion or with personal cognition. Through the above analyses, frame theory has been widely used in such fi elds as media studies, cognitive psychology, and political communication studies, with many research results in each fi eld, but there still remain such issues, as the integration of frames in different fi elds. From the perspective of globalization, there exists a tendency toward intercultural communication; and the format of information exchange has been renewed with the advent of we-media, so the current framework of frame production, content, and effect has to be reconsidered. At the same time, risk communication has a natural relationship with framing behavior, so the new signifi cance of frame theory is expected to be realized through empirical research on risk communication.

本稿は、大阪ビジネスパーク地区（以下OBP地区とする）を事例として、ビジネスエリアの再活性化に資するエリアマネジメントのあり方を検討する。OBP地区は、1986年に「まち開き」を迎えたビジネスエリアであり、民間のまちづくり団体によって整備されたビジネスエリアとして我が国において先駆的な事例として知られている。しかし、近年、梅田をはじめとする近隣の新興ビジネスエリアとの競争において劣勢に立たされ、OBP地区のエリアマネジメントを担う大阪ビジネスパーク協議会（以下OBP協議会とする）では同地区の相対的な魅力の低下が問題視され、再活性化が喫緊の課題になっている。しかしながら、こうしたエリアの再活性化という課題はOBP地区に特有のものではない。再活性化はあらゆるエリアマネジメント団体が直面する共通の課題であり、OBP地区はそれが最初期の事例であるがゆえにこの課題を先取りしている。本稿はシステム思考などのフレームワークを活用しながらOBP地区の現状を分析し、課題の解決案を示す。そしてこのOBP地区の事例から、ビジネスエリアを再活性化させるための一般的な知見を得ることを目指すものである。, No matter how attractive a business area is, over time the building will age and lose its competitiveness against emerging business areas. In order to revitalize the area, it is necessary to create new value in the area by utilizing the resources possessed by the area and collaborating with various stakeholders. This paper is aimed to examine the ideal way of area management that contributes to the revitalization of the business area, by using the Osaka Business Park (OBP) area as an example. As research methods, literature reviews, material collection and an interview with the OBP Council and the Takenaka Corporation, who is one of developers of the OBP district, were conducted. Based on these findings, systems thinking framework was used to identify the fundamental issues that need to be resolved in order to promote the revitalization of the OBP district, and then a solution would be proposed. As a result, it can be seen as a fundamental issue that the current OBP Council has not established collaborative relationships among stakeholders. With that in mind, this paper submitted a solution to build a new learning center in the OBP and examined the possibility of forming collaborative relationships in this district.

Food waste, as a kind of municipal waste, is a concern for environmental issues and biomass sources in worldwide. In China, food waste is usually classified as urban garbage. The food waste consists of nutrition compounds such as sugar, fiber, proteins, oil, salt, etc., which can be converted into energy material or some chemicals. Up to now, the resource utilization of food waste has gradually become the mainstream disposal method. In this chapter, we discuss the situation of food waste problems, theories, and technologies in conversion of food waste into biofuel and biocarbon. This chapter also reviews conversion of food waste components by biotransformation, hydrothermal process, and lipid exchange reaction into, respectively, methane, biodiesel, and biocarbon.

Collision of lymphoma and Warthin’s tumor (WT) is extremely uncommon, especially T-cell lymphoma. Here we present a 69-year-old woman who had terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT) negative T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) from heterotopic Warthin’s tumor in cervical lymph nodes, in which only cervical lymph nodes enlarged initially and quickly progressed to systemic lesions.

Vypočítáme tepelnou vodivost a elektrický odpor pevného hcp Fe na tlaky a teploty jádra Země. Získáváme tepelné a elektrické vodivosti, které jsou v souladu s experimenty, které uvádějí přiměřenou chybu. Předpovídaná tepelná vodivost je snížena z předchozích odhadů, které zanedbávají rozptyl elektronů a elektronů. We compute the thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity of solid hcp Fe to pressures and temperatures of Earth’s core. We obtain thermal and electrical conductivities that are consistent with experiments considering reasonable error. The predicted thermal conductivity is reduced from previous estimates that neglect electron-electron scattering.

Rationale and Objectives Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) of breast can provide functional information on the vascular and structural compartments of tissues in regions identified during simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). NIRS can be acquired during dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) to accomplish image-guided spectroscopy of the enhancing regions, potentially increasing the diagnostic specificity of the examination and reducing the number of biopsies performed as a result of inconclusive MRI breast imaging studies. Materials and Methods We combine synergistic attributes of concurrent DCE-MRI and NIRS with a new design of the clinical NIRS breast interface that couples to a standard MR breast coil and allows imaging of variable breast sizes. Spectral information from healthy volunteers and cancer patients is recovered, providing molecular information in regions defined by the segmented MR image volume. Results The new coupling system significantly improves examination utility by allowing improved coupling of the NIR fibers to breasts of all cup sizes and lesion locations. This improvement is demonstrated over a range of breast sizes (cup size A through D) and normal tissue heterogeneity using a group of eight healthy volunteers and two cancer patients. Lesions located in the axillary region and medial-posterior breast are now accessible to NIRS optodes. Reconstructed images were found to have biologically plausible hemoglobin content, oxygen saturation, and water and lipid fractions. Conclusions In summary, a new NIRS/MRI breast interface was developed to accommodate the variation in breast sizes and lesion locations that can be expected in clinical practice. DCE-MRI–guided NIRS quantifies total hemoglobin, oxygenation, and scattering in MR-enhancing regions, increasing the diagnostic information acquired from MR examinations.