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Through phrase transformation analysis on ceramics samples after applied laser shock wave, study was made on micro-structure and mechanical performance transformation and transformation laws. Thus conclusions were drawn through analysis as follows: tensile stress was caused on back surface of TZP ceramics sample by laser shock wave, and further transformation was generated under tensile stress in a way that about 48% tetragonal phrases t-ZrO2 transformed into monoclinic phrases m-ZrO2, which expanded volume of and gave rises to micro-cracks, and relief stress and micro-cracks caused will absorb the energy of main cracks, which can impede expansion of main cracks and realize the aim of phrase transformation toughening.

Aim To investigate the chemical constituents of Selaginella sinensis (Desv.) Spring. Methods Chromatographic separations on Diaion HP-20, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 were used. The structures of the isolates were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, as well as chemical methods. Results Eight compounds were obtained and their structures were identified as sinensioside A ( 1 ), syringaresinol-4- O-β -D-glucopyranoside ( 2 ), (+)-medioresinol-4- O-β -D-glucopyranoside ( 3 ), pinoresinol-4, 4′-di- O-β -D-glucopyranoside ( 4 ), quercetin ( 5 ), eucomic acid ( 6 ), shikimic acid ( 7 ), and 2, 3-dihydroamentoflavone ( 8 ). Conclusion Compound 1 is a new dihydrobenzofuran sesquilignan glycoside from Selaginella sinensis .

To explore the antibacterial activity and mechanism of total alkaloids and berberine from Coptidis Rhizoma on Aeromonas hydrophila, and determine the effect of total alkaloids and berberine from Coptidis Rhizoma on minimum inhibitory concentrations, permeability and fluidity of cell membrane, conformation of membrane proteins and virulence factors of A. hydrophila. The results showed that both total alkaloids and berberine from Coptidis Rhizoma had antibacterial activities on A. hydrophila, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 62.5 and 125 mg · L(-1), respectively. Total alkaloids and berberine from Coptidis Rhizoma could increase the fluidity of membrane, change the conformation of membrane porteins and increase the permeability of bacteria membrane by 24.52% and 19.66%, respectively. Besides, total alkaloids and berberine from Coptidis Rhizoma significantly decreased the hemolysis of exotoxin and the mRNA expressions of aerA and hlyA (P0.05, P0.01), the secretion of endotoxin and the mRNA expression of LpxC (P0.05, P0.01). The results suggested that the antibacterial activity of total alkaloids and berberine from Coptidis Rhizoma on A. hydrophila may be related to the bacteria membrane injury. They inhibited the bacterial growth by increasing membrane lipid fluidity and changing conformation of membrane proteins, and reduced the secretion of virulence factors of A. hydrophila to weaken the pathogenicity.

We present a pressure study of the electrical resistivity, ac magnetic susceptibility, and powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) of the recently discovered ${\text{BiS}}_{2}$-based superconductor ${\text{EuBiS}}_{2}\text{F}$. At ambient pressure, ${\text{EuBiS}}_{2}\text{F}$ shows an anomaly in the resistivity at around ${T}_{0}\ensuremath{\approx}280$ K and a superconducting transition at ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}0.3$ K. Upon applying hydrostatic pressure, there is little change in ${T}_{0}$ but the amplitude of the resistive anomaly is suppressed, whereas there is a dramatic enhancement of ${T}_{c}$ from 0.3 K to about 8.6 K at a critical pressure of ${p}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}1.4$ GPa. XRD measurements confirm that this enhancement of ${T}_{c}$ coincides with a structural phase transition from a tetragonal phase ($P4/nmm$) to a monoclinic phase ($P{2}_{1}/m$), which is similar to that observed in isostructural ${\text{LaO}}_{0.5}{\text{F}}_{0.5}{\text{BiS}}_{2}$. Our results suggest the presence of two different superconducting phases with distinct crystal structures in ${\text{EuBiS}}_{2}\text{F}$, which may be a general property of this family of ${\text{BiS}}_{2}$-based superconductors.

The recent discovery of superconductivity in the quasi-one-dimensional compound ${\mathrm{K}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cr}}_{3}{\mathrm{As}}_{3}$, which consists of double-walled tubes of ${[{({\mathrm{Cr}}_{3}{\mathrm{As}}_{3})}^{2\ensuremath{-}}]}^{\ensuremath{\infty}}$ that run along the $c$ axis, has attracted immediate attention as a potential system for studying superconductors with reduced dimensionality. Here we report clear experimental evidence for the unconventional nature of the superconducting order parameter in ${\mathrm{K}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cr}}_{3}{\mathrm{As}}_{3}$, by precisely measuring the temperature dependence of the change in the penetration depth $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{\lambda}(T)$ using a tunnel-diode oscillator. Linear behavior of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{\lambda}(T)$ is observed for $T\ensuremath{\ll}{T}_{c}$, instead of the exponential behavior of conventional superconductors, indicating that there are line nodes in the superconducting gap. This is strong evidence for unconventional behavior and may provide key information for identifying the pairing state of this super-conductor.

This study compared proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) for prevention of low-dose aspirin (LDA)-related gastrointestinal (GI) erosion, ulcer and bleeding. Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and WanFang Data were searched from the date of their establishment to December 31, 2013. Randomized controlled trials comparing PPIs and H2RAs for prevention of GI injury associated with low-dose aspirin (LDA) were collected. Two reviewers independently abstracted studies and patient characteristics and appraised study quality using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.1 software. We included nine RCTs involving 1047 patients. The meta-analysis showed that PPIs were superior to H2RAs for prevention of LDA-associated GI erosion/ulcer [odds ratio (OR=0.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.16-0.50] and bleeding (OR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.14-0.59). In conclusion, PPIs were superior to H2RAs for prevention of LDA-related GI erosion/ulcer and bleeding. Higher quality, large, multicenter RCTs are needed to demonstrate the preventive effect of the two acid-suppressive drugs.

Free-radical solution copolymerization of itaconic acid and acrylonitrile was carried out in DMSO using azodiisobutyronitrile as an initiator, changing the feed rate of itaconic acid. The resulting polymerization solution was spun to form polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursors of carbon fibers. The precursors were treated with a CoSO 4 aqueous solution on-line. The structure and properties of untreated and treated PAN precursors and the resultant carbon fibers were characterized by SEM and TEM, a stabilization process, etc. It is suggested that CoSO 4 acts as a catalyst in the formation of a ladder structure and reduces the temperature of cyclization, and the carbon fibers developed from treated PAN fibers showed improvement in the tensile strength and the Young's modulus.

To study the effects of alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma on low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) mRNA expression and antihyperlipedemic levels. The LDLR mRNA expression were detected by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL-c) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in serum were measured at the first and last examination. The results show that, after the drug treatment, compared with the model group, each drug group showed a lipid-lowering effect. Especially, coptisine, palmatine, jatrorrhinze were significantly reduced TC, TG, LDL-c (P0.05, P0.01), and increased HDL-c (P0.01). In addition, they also increased mRNA expression of the LDLR in liver and HepG2 cells. The results showed that alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma can regulate lipid metabolism disorder, and coptisine have the best lipid-lowering effect.

AIM: To determine the preventive effect and safety of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in low-dose aspirin (LDA)-associated gastrointestinal (GI) ulcers and bleeding. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register from inception to December 2013, and checked conference abstracts of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of PPIs in reducing adverse GI events (hemorrhage, ulcer, perforation, or obstruction) in patients taking LDA. The preventive effects of PPIs were compared with the control group [taking placebo, a cytoprotective agent, or an H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA)] in LDA-associated upper GI injuries. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.1 software. RESULTS: We evaluated 8780 participants in 10 RCTs. The meta-analysis showed that PPIs decreased the risk of LDA-associated upper GI ulcers (OR = 0.16; 95%CI: 0.12-0.23) and bleeding (OR = 0.27; 95%CI: 0.16-0.43) compared with control. For patients treated with dual anti-platelet therapy of LDA and clopidogrel, PPIs were able to prevent the LDA-associated GI bleeding (OR = 0.36; 95%CI: 0.15-0.87) without increasing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (OR = 1.00; 95%CI: 0.76-1.31). PPIs were superior to H2RA in prevention of LDA-associated GI ulcers (OR = 0.12; 95%CI: 0.02-0.65) and bleeding (OR = 0.32; 95%CI: 0.13-0.79). CONCLUSION: PPIs are effective in preventing LDA-associated upper GI ulcers and bleeding. Concomitant use of PPI, LDA and clopidogrel did not increase the risk of MACE.

To investigate the effect of different parts, harvesting time and processing technologies on alkaloids content of Coptis chinensis adventitious root.The content of alkaloids were analyzed by HPLC.The content of total alkaloids in adventitious root harvested in different time was ranged from 2.5% to 2.9%, in which that of berberine and coptisine were the highest, reaching to 1%, and that of palmatine was only 0.1%. It suggested there was no significant difference of total alkaloids at different harvesting time. Nevertheless, the difference of the alkaloids content from different parts was much significant. The content of total alkaloid of adventitious root near to rhizome was about 4%, 2 times higher than that away from rhizome (only 2%). In addition, different processing technologies would affect alkaloids content obviously. There was hardly loss of alkaloids when the fresh adventitious root was washed with water, but it would decrease alkaloids content when the dried adventitious root was washed.Medicine value of Coptis chinensis adventitious root near to rhizome is higher than that away from rhizome. And fresh Coptis chinensis adventitious root can be washed with water.

The aim of this study was to investigated the pharmacological activities and safety of fibrous root of Rhizoma Coptidis (FRC). FRC not only protected Kunming mice from the minimal lethal dose of Escherichia coli, but also protected rabbits from hyperpyrexia induced by lipopolysaccharid (LPS). The acute toxicity study showed that oral medial lethal dose (LD50) of FRC was greater than 7000mg/kg body weight in Kunming mice. The sub-chronic toxicity study showed that the no-observed-adverse effect level (NOAEL) of FRC was 1.88g/kg body weight in Sprague-Dawley rats, whereas FRC at higher dose (3.76g/kg body weight) resulted in damage to liver and lung. Negative results were present in Ames test, mouse micronucleus test and mouse sperm abnormality test. These finding support the use of FRC in veterinary medicine.

Current work was conducted to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering effect of coptisine extracted from Rhizoma coptidis in Syrian golden hamsters. The safety results indicated that coptisine was a safe and low-toxic compound. Coptisine showed a beneficial effect in the abnormal serum lipid levels induced by a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFHC): at a concentration of 70.05 mg/kg, coptisine significantly led to a decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels by 26.70, 15.38, and 22.22 %, respectively, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) was increased by 41.74 % in serum of hamsters (p

A new lathyrane diterpene glycoside, named 3β, 7β, 15β-trihydroxy-14-oxolathyra-5E, 12E-dienyl-16- O -β- d -glucopyranoside, was isolated from Euphorbia helioscopia L. Its structure was established by spectroscopic techniques including 2D NMR.

A new phenylethanoid glycoside, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-β-phenylethoxy-O-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-2-O-acetyl-O-β- d -glucopyranoside, named lophanthoside A, was isolated from Rabdosia lophanthoides (Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don) Hara. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic evidences.

A new aryl glycoside, 3″-O-galloyl-benzyl-O-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β- d -glucopyranoside, was isolated from Euphorbia helioscopia L., and its structure was elucidated on the basis of various spectroscopic data analysis.

A new forsythenside, 4-hydroxy-4-[8-[[1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]-β- d -glucopyranosyl-6-]oxy]ethyl]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one, named forsythenside F, was isolasted from the plant of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl. The structure of the new compound was established on the basis of various spectroscopic analysis, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR techniques (HMBC and HSQC), and HR-ESI-MS.

A new lignanoside, (7 R ,8 S )-7,8-dihydro-7-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1′-formyl-3′-methoxyl-8-hydroxymethylbenzofuran-4- O -β- d -glucopyranoside (moellenoside A), was isolated from Selaginella moellendorffii Hieron. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic evidences.

A new sesquilignan, namely sinensiol A, was isolated from the plant of Selaginella sinensis (Desv.) Spring. Its structure was identified on the basis of various spectroscopic data analysis.

To optimize the processing technology of Coptidis Rhizoma and study the effects of different adjuvants on alkaloids during processing.The moistening time of adjuvants (A), processing temperature (B) and processing time (C) were investigated by using the single factor test method and L9 (3(4)) orthogonal experiment design with the contents of four alkaloids as indexes.The sequence of importance of the factors that affect the wine processed Coptidis Rhizoma (WC) was CBA, turmeric processed Coptidis Rhizoma (TC) and dogwood processed Coptidis Rhizoma (DC) was BAC.The optimal processing technology of WC, TC and DC are drying for 4 h at 130 degrees C after moistening for 90 min, drying for 3 h at 100 degrees C after moistening for 60 min and drying for 2 h at 160 degrees C after moistening for 90 min, respectively.

In the title complex, bis{μ-1-[(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole}disilver(I) dinitrate, [Ag2(C10H9N5)2](NO3)2, the AgI ion is nearly linearly coordinated [N—Ag—N angle is 155.72 (14)°] by two 1-[(1H-benzimidazole-1-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole (bmt) ligands. In addition, two bmt ligands link two AgI ions, forming a dinuclear unit with an Ag...Ag distance of 5.0179 (15) Å. The whole complex is generated by an inversion centre. The dinuclear units and the NO3− counter-ions are connected by N—H...O hydrogen bonds and weak Ag...O interactions [2.831 (5), 2.887 (5) and 2.908 (5) Å], leading to a three-dimensional structure.

Two new dihydrobenzofuran lignanosides, (7R,8S)-4,3',9'-trihydroxyl-3-methoxyl-7,8-dihydrobenzofuran-1'-propylneolignan-9-O-(6-O-syringoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, named lophanthoside B (1) and (7R,8S)-4,9,9'-trihydroxyl-3-methoxyl-7,8-dihydrobenzofuran-1'-propylneolignan-3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), an enantiomer of umbroside, along with four known dihydrobenzofuran lignans (3-6), were isolated from 50% acetone extract of Rabdosia lophanthoides (Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don) Hara. Their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS experiments.

Two new secolignans, 3,4-trans-3-hydroxymethyl-4-[bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]butyrolactone (1) and 2,3-trans-3,4-trans-2-methoxy-3-hydroxymethyl-4-[bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]tetrahydrofuran (2), together with six known compounds, were isolated from the whole grass of Selaginella sinensis (Desv.) Spring. Their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS experiments.

Cephalotaxine (1), the major alkaloid isolated from Cephalotaxus species, has attracted considerable attention due to the promising antitumor activity of several of its derivatives and its unique structural features. Herein we describe a highly efficient formal synthesis of 1 employing the [2,3]-Stevens rearrangement−acid lactonization sequence as a key transformation from readily available (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acetic acid, methyl prolinate, and allyl bromide.

To separate and identify the chemical constituents from the leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera (Linn.) Vent, various columns including Diaion HP-20, Toyopearl HW-40C, Sephadex LH-20, silica gel were employed for the isolation and purification of compounds from the leaves of B. papyrifera. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by their physiochemical characteristics and spectral data. Nineteen compounds were isolated from the leaves of B. papyrifera and their structures were identified as apigenin (1), apigenin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), chrysoerid-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), apigenin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranuronide (4), vitexin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), luteolin (6), 5,7,4'-trihydroxyl-6-C-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1--2)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl flavone (7), 5,7,4'-trihydroxyl-8-C-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1--2)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl flavone (8), saponaretin (9), vitexin (10), benzyl benzoate-2, 6-di-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (11), (2R, 3R, 5R, 6S, 9R)-3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-beta-ionol-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (12), (2R, 3R, 5R, 6S, 9R)-3-hydroxyl-5,6-epoxy-acetyl-beta-ionol-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (13), ficustriol (14), (6S, 9S)-roseoside (15), 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha,6alpha-epoxy-beta-ionone-2alpha-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (16), icariside B1 (17), sammangaoside A (18), 3-hydroxy-5alpha,6alpha-epoxy-beta-ionone (19). Compounds 11, 12 and 13 are new compounds, the others are isolated from this genus Broussonetia for the first time.

Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi. was extracted for two times with 70% ethanol and the 70% ethanol-extracts was condensed. Various column chromatography with AB-8 macroreticular resin, Toyopearl HW-40, pharmadex LH-20, and silica gel were employed for the isolation and purification of the 70% ethanol-extracts from Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi. Five compounds were isolated and their structures were identified by physiochemical properties and spectral analysis (UV, IR, MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HMQC, HMBC, etc.): (4R)-3-[ 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl]-4-(4-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl) but-2-en-4-olide (1), 4', 8-dimethoxyl-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl isoflavone (2), eicosanoic acid (3), hexadecanoic acid (4), tetracosanoid acid-2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (5). Compound 1 was a new compound, and compounds 2, 3, 4 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

To study the chemical constituents of the water-extracts of the pine needles of Pinus massoniana Lamb..Pine needles were collected in Xixia country and extracted with boiling water for two times and the water-extracts were concentrated. The crude extract of pine needles was fractionated into four fractions by Et2O, EtOAc and n-BuOH. Various column chromatography with D-101 macroreticular resin, Toyopearl HW-40 and silica gel were employed for the isolation and purification of compounds from the n-BuOH fraction of pine needles. The structures of the compounds were identified by physiochemical properties and spectral analysis (UV, IR, MS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, DEPT, HMQC, HMBC, etc.).Four compounds were isolated from the n-BuOH fraction of water-extracts, and their structures were identified as 3-methoxyl-9'-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-4':7,5':8-diepoxyneoligan-4,9-diol (massonianoside E, I), 4,4',8,8',9-pentahydroxyl-3,3'-dimethoxyl-7,9'-monoepoxylignan (II), umbelliferon (III), 4-(4'-hydroxyl-3'-methoxylbenzyl)-2-butanone (IV).Compound I is a new compound, and compounds II, III and IV were isolated from this plant for the first time.

To study the chemical constituents from the water-extracts of pine needles of Pinus massoniana Lamb.Chromatographic techniques were used to separate and purify compounds. Their physico-chemical properties and spectral data (UV, IR, MS, 1H-1H, 13C-1H NMR, DEPT, HMBC etc.) were used to elucidate the structures.Three lignans were isolated from the n-BuOH fraction of water-extracts. Their structures were identified as (7S,8R)-3',4,9'-tridihydroxy-4-methoxy- 9-O-shikimoyl-7,8-dihydrobenzofuran-1'-propylneolignan (massonianoid A, I), (7S,8R)-4,9-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-7,8- dihydrobenzofuran-1'-propylneolignan (II) and 4,4',8-trihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy-9-lignanolide (III).Compound I is a new compound. While II and III were isolated from this plant for the first time.

To prepare solid lipid nanoparticles by microemulsion technique.Stearic acid was used as the oil phase, lecithin as surfactant, alcohol as cosurfactant and distilled water as the aqueous phase. Microemulsion was prepared by mixing the above component in proper ratio. The corresponding pseudoternary phase diagram monitored Microemulsion formation field of different lecithin/alcohol. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were prepared by dispersing warm microemulsion in cold water under magnetic stirring. Then appropriate microemulsions that can contain more water phase and suitable oil phase were selected to prepare SLN. The influence of formulation, process variables on the preparation and quality of SLN were studied. Based on the investigation of single factors, orthogonal design was used to optimize SLN formulation and preparation process, and more, the reproducibility of the optimized results were studied.The results showed that the device temperature (Ti), water temperature (Tw), and delivery rate (Rd) were the key factors that influence the preparation process of SLN, and Tw was extremely important. The ratio of microemulsion formulation, the ratio of microemulsion and distilled water had also influence on its quality.Microemulsion technique can be used to prepare solid lipid nanoparticles.

A self-learning fractal interpolation algorithm to construct synthetic fields with statistical properties close to real turbulence is proposed. Different from our previous work [Phys. Rev. E 84 (2011) 026328, 82 (2010) 036311], the position mapping and stretching factors between the adjacent large and small scales are learned from the initial information. Using this method, a turbulence-like field with K41 spectra and without dissipation is constructed well through a coarse grid velocity signal from one experiment's data. After filtering the interpolated signal appropriately, the probability distribution of velocity, velocity structure functions and the anomalous scaling law of the synthetic field are close to those of the original signal.

In the title complex, [Zn(SO4)(C9H8N6)(H2O)4]·2H2O, the ZnII ion is six-coordinated by one N atom from a 1-[(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole ligand and five O atoms from one monodentate sulfate anion and four water molecules in a distorted octahedral geometry. The sulfate tetrahedron is rotationally disordered over two positions in a 0.618 (19):0.382 (19) ratio. In the crystal, adjacent molecules are linked through O—H...O and O—H...N hydrogen bonds involving the cation, the anion, and the coordinated and uncoordinated water molecules into a three-dimensional network.

Direct melt/solid polycondensation of lactic acid (LA) was carried out to obtain high molecular weight poly(lactic acid) (PLA) by a process using various catalysts in the first-step melt polycondensation, and followed solid polycondensation by using p-toulenesulfonic acid monohydrate (TSA) as the catalyst in the second step. Effects of various catalysts and reaction temperature on the molecular weight and crystallinity of resulting PLA polymers were examined. It was shown that SnCl2·2H2O/TSA, SnCl2·2H2O/succinic anhydride, and SnCl2·2H2O/maleic anhydride binary catalysts should be effective binary catalysts to obtain high molecular weight PLA of more than 1.2 × 105. A conventional melt spinning method was used to spin PLA fibers, which displayed tensile strength of (382.76 ± 1.41) MPa and tensile modulus of (4.36 ± 0.07) GPa.