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The ferromagnetic glass ceramics in the system SiO 2 -B 2 O 3 -Fe 2 O 3 -SrO were prepared via four different fabrication methods, i.e., fiber-drawing, melt-quenching, natural-cooling, and annealing, without performing any nucleation and crystallization heat treatments. The influences of chemical composition and fabrication method on the spontaneous crystallization of magnetite were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The X-ray diffraction patterns show the presence of nanometric magnetite crystals in the glass matrix, and the increasing boron oxide can promote the spontaneous crystallization of magnetite. The estimated size of crystallized magnetite varies between 12 and 50 nm. The magnetic properties of the glass ceramics derived from the four fabrication methods were analyzed using a Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Agilent HP8722ES vector network analyzer and Mössbauer spectra. We find that both the saturation magnetization (M S ) and coercivity (H jc ) depend on the chemical composition and fabrication method. The calorimetric measurements were carried out using Orton Standard Dilatometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abnormal timing of pubertal development is a risk factor for addictive disorders among adolescents. However, whether the precocious or late puberty has influence on addiction in adults remains unclear. Based on the data of 336,398 European participants in the UK Biobank, we explored the associations between secondary sexual characteristics (SSCs) outset time abnormality and addiction with observational analyses. Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was conducted to test for the genetic correlation between them. For significant genetic associations, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were further performed for causal inferences. The genetic instruments were derived from genome-wide association studies of early menarche (N = 165,862), late first facial hair grows (N = 141,210) and late voice broke (N = 138,461). Observational analyses detected several significant associations between SSCs outset time abnormality and addiction, such as early menarche vs addiction to any substance or behavior (OR = 1.37, PFDR = 3.31 × 10−4) and late first facial hair grows vs alcohol addiction (OR = 1.24, PFDR = 2.40 × 10−15). MR analyses found genetically predicted early menarche was causally associated with higher risk of tobacco addiction (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.15–1.58, PIVW = 0.0002) and addiction to any substance or behavior (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.12–1.73, PIVW = 0.003). Our findings suggest the prevention and treatment for precocious puberty might be protective factors for addiction in female adults. Early preventive interventions for addictive behaviors are needed for females at high risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferromagnetic glass-ceramics and glass fibers were obtained by the melt-method from the glass system SiO 2 -CaO-Al 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -Fe 2 O 3 without performing any nucleation and crystallization heat treatments. Glass-ceramics and glass fibers were characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, magnetic measurements, and thermal expansion instrument. The influence of alumina content on the spontaneous crystallization of magnetite, magnetism properties and thermal expansion performances in glass were investigated. We examined the crystallization behavior of the glasses and found that the spontaneous crystallization capacity of magnetite and magnetism properties in base glass increases with increasing the content of alumina. The ferromagnetic glass fibers containing magnetite nano-crystals are also obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Searching the high rate Fe 3 O 4 -based materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is still a great challenge. Here we tackle this problem by developing a facile and green method which uses the natural cotton as a biotemplate and a activity biocarbon source. By this new method, we synthesized the mesoporous biocarbon fibers adhered with Fe 3 O 4 /Fe nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 /Fe/MBCFs). Fe 3 O 4 /Fe/MBCFs are a highly stable anode material for high-rate LIBs due to its excellent cycling performance at higher current and fast charging feature. This anode shows a high reversible capacity of 472 mAh g −1 after 500 cycles and can be rapidly charge to 100% in 28.3 min. After 160 cycles at varied current densities from 1 A g −1 to 10 A g −1 , it still delivered a high discharge capacity of 524.6 mAh g −1 and an ultra-high coulombic efficiency close to 100%. This is attributed to the synergistic effects of several factors including the unique mesoporous hybrid construction, the graphitized biocarbon fibers and the chemical bonding between Fe 3 O 4 and Fe nanoparticles. This work is instructive for fabrication and design of nanostructured electrodes with extraordinary properties from biomass renewable resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Healthy sleep score demonstrated inverse associations with MD. • Healthy sleep pattern was associated with a reduced risk of MD when compared to those with poor sleep pattern at each group of physical activity, coffee intake, tea intake and genetic risk. • Encouraging healthy sleep pattern might be a great contributor to reducing the global burden of MD. Sleep behaviors were believed to be associated with mental disorders (MD). However, the underlying mechanism of such association relationship, especially the role of multiple lifestyle factors in it remains unclear. A total of 402,290 participants from UK Biobank who don't have MD at baseline were included. They were divided into poor, intermediate and healthy sleep patterns according to the sleep score, which was calculated based on the data collecting from five sleep behaviors. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the associations between sleep behaviors and MD. The associations were further estimated when taking lifestyle factors such as physical activity, coffee intake, tea intake and genetic susceptibility into account. Healthy sleep pattern was associated with lower risk of overall MD status (HR,0.41, 95%CI,0.39–0.43), depressive disorders (HR,0.34, 95%CI,0.31–0.37) and anxiety disorders (HR,0.46, 95%CI,0.41–0.79), compared with poor sleep pattern. And in each subgroup of physical activity, tea intake, coffee intake, age and genetic risk scores (GRS), healthy sleep pattern could partly offset the risk of diseases. Our study suggested healthy sleep behaviors could diminish the negative effect from genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors on the risk of MD, highlighting the benefit of healthy sleep pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]