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In this study, gardenia yellow solution is used to dye 100% cotton fabric. The dyeing rate curve and adsorption isotherms were recorded to explore the thermodynamic model and to calculate the corresponding parameters. A definite concentration of gardenia yellow solution was placed under the xenon arc lamp for irradiation to test its photodegradability. Absorbance of the solution was measured at different degradation times and the corresponding varying curve of the absorbance was drawn to explore the photodegradation reaction order of the natural colorant and consistent parameters were calculated. The experimental results proved that the dyeing of cotton fabric with gardenia yellow colorant followed the pseudo second order kinetic model whereas adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir model and the photodegradation process followed the second order kinetic model. Values of different parameters were calculated: reaction rate constant k = 2.26 × 10–3 (mg · L−1)1−m h−1, the correlation coefficient R 2 = 0.994, and half decay time t1/2 = 5.82 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dendrobium catenatum, which grows on the semi humid rocks in the mountains, has been at the top of the 'Nine Immortals of China' since ancient times. It is a kind of yin tonic medicine and its main active component is polysaccharide. Cellulose synthase-like D(CslD) genes were predicted to catalyse the biosynthesis of 1,4-β-d-glycan backbone of hemicelluloses, which plays fundamental roles in plant development. To investigate the role of CslD in the development of D. catenatum, eight CslD genes (DcCslD1,2a,2b,3a,3b,4a,4b,5) were identified. The results of protein prediction and analysis showed that CslD2a/2b/4a/4b proteins were acidic proteins. All the proteins had obvious hydrophobic or hydrophilic regions, and had transmembrane structure. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the DcCslD family could be divided into group I, II, III and IV. DcCslD proteins had a typical Cellulose synthase domain and similar protein structures to the CslDs of other plants. Their promoter regions contain cis regulatory elements related to stress and hormone response. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the identified DcCslDs were differentially expressed in roots, stems and leaves. Most of them were highly expressed in stems and leaves. The environmental stresses examination showed that the expression levels of DcCslD5 were closely associated with drought-recovery treatment; the expression levels of DcCslD1, DcCslD2a, DcCslD2b, DcCslD3a and DcCslD5 were significantly influenced by low temperature. This study systematically analyzed the sequence characteristics of CslD protein of D. catenatum, which can provide reference for further study on the function of CslD protein in the polysaccharide metabolism of D. catenatum. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2021.1941252. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton (Gossypium) seed fibers can be divided into lint (long) or fuzz (very short). Using fiberless (fuzzless-lintless) mutants, the lint initiation gene Li3 was identified by map-based cloning. The gene is an R2R3-MYB transcription factor located on chromosome D12 (GhMML3_D12). Sequence analysis revealed that li3 is a loss-of-function allele containing a retrotransposon insertion in the second exon that completely blocks the gene's expression. The genetic loci n2 and n3 underlying the recessive fuzzless phenotype in Gossypium hirsutum were also mapped. The genomic location of n3 overlapped with that of the dominant fuzzless locus N1 , and n3 appeared to be a loss-of-function allele caused by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation in the coding region of GhMML3_A12. The n2 allele was found to be co-located with li3 and originated from G. babardense. n2 and li3 are possibly the multiple alleles of the GhMML3_D12 gene. Genetic analysis showed that Li3 and N3 are a pair of homologs with additive effects for the initiation of fibers (fuzz or lint). In addition, the presence of another locus was speculated, and it appeared to show an inhibitory effect on the expression of GhMML3. These findings provide new information about the genetic factors affecting the initiation of fibers in cotton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study a new type of organic phosphonic compound named LKS-610, a kind of reducing agent, was used to cleave disulfide bonds in wool fibers. Research into the extraction of keratin from wool and processing into useful textile materials is a hot topic in the field of textiles. Wool fibers are rich in disulfide bonds which are the main chemical cross-linkage to maintain the fiber's secondary structure. If the disulfide bonds between molecular chains can be sufficiently disrupted, it will facilitate to obtain the keratin solution suitable for the regenerated materials preparation. The reaction mechanism and effect were analyzed through scanning electron microscopic test (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy test (XPS) and amino acid content test. After a period of processing time, the valence state of sulfur element on fiber surface changed significantly; this result shows that the disulfide bonds reacted with LKS-610 reagent and generated thiol groups. Amino acid analysis demonstrated that for wool fibers treated for 60 min at 80℃, the quality percentage of cystine in wool was reduced from 10.09% to 1.05%, the majority of disulfide bonds had been cleaved. In this case, fiber scales were almost completely stripped and the cortical layer was not significantly damaged but became prone to swelling. This indicated that LKS-610 reagent could disrupt the disulfide bonds in the wool thoroughly and efficiently, and reduce these bonds to thiol groups. Wool fibers pretreated by LKS-610 reagent can be dissolved readily to prepare keratin solution; this keratin solution with high dissolution ratio and large molecular weight can be used in research into modification and preparation of regenerated protein materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton fiber is an indispensable raw material in the textile industry. Fiber length is an important fiber quality index, and the research on fiber length is also quite abundant. However, on the same ovule, there are only a few studies on the difference in fiber length development between the micropylar end and the chalazal end of the ovule. We elucidate the mechanism of fiber length differences at both ends of the ovule through the phenomics, transcriptome, and metabolome. The results show that 20, 25, and 30 days post anthesis (DPA) are the pivotal stages to causing the difference in fiber length at two ends of the ovules. Through the KEGG annotation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), it was found that flavonoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis are enriched in DEGs, and similar conclusions were drawn in the analysis of differential abundant metabolites (DAMs). The results of in vitro culture of ovules showed that chlorogenic acid in the flavonoid pathway and scopolin downstream of the phenylpropanoid pathway have significant effects on fiber growth. Our research provide insights into the mechanism of cotton fiber elongation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton ( Gossypium ) seed fibers can be divided into lint (long) or fuzz (very short). Using fiberless (fuzzless-lintless) mutants, the lint initiation gene Li 3 was identified by map-based cloning. The gene is an R2R3-MYB transcription factor located on chromosome D12 ( GhMML3_D12 ). Sequence analysis revealed that li 3 is a loss-of-function allele containing a retrotransposon insertion in the second exon that completely blocks the gene's expression. The genetic loci n 2 and n 3 underlying the recessive fuzzless phenotype in Gossypium hirsutum were also mapped. The genomic location of n 3 overlapped with that of the dominant fuzzless locus N 1 , and n 3 appeared to be a loss-of-function allele caused by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation in the coding region of GhMML3_A12 . The n 2 allele was found to be co-located with li 3 and originated from G. babardense . n 2 and li 3 are possibly the multiple alleles of the GhMML3_D12 gene. Genetic analysis showed that Li 3 and N 3 are a pair of homologs with additive effects for the initiation of fibers (fuzz or lint). In addition, the presence of another locus was speculated, and it appeared to show an inhibitory effect on the expression of GhMML3 . These findings provide new information about the genetic factors affecting the initiation of fibers in cotton., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Chen, Li, Zhu, Fang, Zhao, Guo, Wang, Yuan, Lu, Liu, Yao and Zhang.)