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We conduct a detailed analysis of the full linear perturbations in the braneworld scenario within f(T) gravity. By decomposing the perturbations of the theory into the scalar, transverse vector, antisymmetric pseudotensor, and symmetric transverse-traceless tensor modes, we derive the quadratic action for each mode. The results indicate that there is a total of one scalar, one massless vector, and one tensor propagating degrees of freedom. Consequently, in comparison to general relativity, no additional degrees of freedom appear under the flat braneworld background in the linearized theory. For a thick brane model with f(T)=T+αT2, we find that it exhibits stability against linear perturbations.

The purpose of this study was to comprehensively analyze the genetic diversity of the Pekin duck conserved population with five generations and to evaluate the effectiveness of the current conservation strategy. In total, 277 Pekin duck conserved individuals and 40 Mallards as ancestral controls were collected. Each duck was sequenced at about 10X whole-genome coverage, while over 7.4 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in total were detected for genetic diversity analysis. Both the expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity values exceeded 0.3. The genetic differentiation (FST) values ranged from 0.007 to 0.039, and the Polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.29 to 0.34. These results indicate no significant differentiation between generations, and the genetic diversity remains high. In particular, the inbreeding coefficient has been strictly controlled and has not increased rapidly during the conservation. Overall, the inbreeding coefficient of the conserved Pekin duck population was higher than that of its wild ancestors, indicating that domestication has resulted in reduced genetic diversity. This is the first report using whole genome resequencing data to systematically evaluate the genomic dynamics across several generations in ducks. The results show that the strategy of free mating and random seed retention within sire families is effective for maintaining the genetic diversity of the conserved Pekin duck population.

BackgroundCerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is one of the most common inherited cerebral small vessel diseases caused by the NOTCH3 gene mutation. This mutation leads to the accumulation of NOTCH3 extracellular domain protein (NOTCH3ECD) into the cerebral arterioles, causing recurrent stroke, white matter lesions, and cognitive impairment. With the development of gene sequencing technology, cysteine-sparing mutations can also cause CADASIL disease, however, the pathogenicity and pathogenic mechanisms of cysteine-sparing mutations remain controversial.ObjectiveTo analyze the pathogenicity and pathological features of cysteine-sparing mutations in both in vitro and in vivo mouse models.MethodsA cysteine-sparing mutant of NOTCH3ECD R75Q was constructed by lentiviral transfection in vitro, and the NOTCH3 R75Q knock-in mouse model was constructed by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering in vivo. A cycloheximide pulse-chase experiment was used to analyze the degradation of NOTCH3 extracellular domain proteins, and the deposition characteristics of NOTCH3ECD were quantitatively analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. The characteristics of the smooth muscle cells and granular osmiophilic materials were observed using electron microscopy.ResultsWe elucidated that the NOTCH3 R75Q mutation is pathogenic. NOTCH3ECD R75Q was found to be resistant to protein degradation and more likely to cause abnormal aggregation of NOTCH3ECD, resulting in reduced cell activity in vitro. The NOTCH3 R75Q mouse model showed pathological characteristics of CADASIL, with age-dependent NOTCH3ECD, granular osmiophilic material, and degenerated smooth muscle cells detected in the brain.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the pathogenicity of NOTCH3 R75Q cysteine-sparing mutations in both in vitro and in vivo models. We demonstrate that NOTCH3ECD induced by NOTCH3 R75Q mutation has toxic effects on cells and reveal the deposition characteristics of NOTCH3ECD in the brain. This provides a feasible model and lays the foundation for further studies on the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of NOTCH3 cysteine-sparing mutations.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), as one of the malignant tumors with the highest incidence and mortality rates worldwide in recent years, originating primarily from the mucosal tissues of the colon or rectum, and has the potential to rapidly develop into invasive cancer. Its pathogenesis is complex, involving a multitude of factors including genetic background, lifestyle, and dietary habits. Early detection and treatment are key to improving survival rates for patients with CRC. However, the pervasive problem is that patients can become severely resistant to treatment, which greatly increases the complexity and challenge of treatment. Therefore, unraveling and overcoming the resistance of CRC has become a focus of research. Mitochondria, the energy centers of the cell, play a crucial role in cellular metabolism, energy supply, and the apoptosis process. In CRC, Mitochondrial dysfunction not only impairs normal cell function but also promotes tumor resistance. Therefore, a deep understanding of the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and the mechanisms of CRC development, as well as the mechanisms by which it promotes resistance to chemotherapy drugs, is crucial for the development of targeted therapies, enhancing drug efficacy, and improving treatment outcomes and quality of life for patients.

ABSTRACT Objective In the past 5 years, a large number of serological assays for large‐scale detection of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) antigen emerged. Serological assays for SARS‐CoV‐2 were needed to support clinical diagnosis and epidemiological investigations. However, there were limited data on the diagnostic accuracy of these serological assays. We aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of 11 commercial serological assays for coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) by taking the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assays as the reference standard, which served as the control arm to conduct an indirect comparison of diagnostic accuracy for 11 different SARS‐CoV‐2 serological assays. Methods This meta‐analysis was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 reporting guideline. Electronic searches were performed using the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese Biological Medicine Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG, and Chinese Weipu (VIP) databases. Fifty‐seven articles, including 11 serologic‐based IgG, IgM, and total antibodies assays for SARS‐CoV‐2, published before June 2024, were included in this meta‐analysis. The main outcome of this meta‐analysis used to evaluate the performance of 11 assays included pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (AUC), and summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC). The R software was used for adjusted indirect comparison to calculate the relative diagnostic odds ratio (RDOR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and indirect comparison forest plots showed the results. Results A total of 57 articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in our meta‐analysis. The pooled DOR and the AUC for access SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG were 564.28 (95% CI 229.58−1386.91) and 1.00, and as for EDI novel coronavirus COVID‐19 IgG those were 85.27 (95% CI 53.99−134.68) and 0.95, for EDI novel coronavirus COVID‐19 IgM were 49.42 (95% CI 16.47−148.30) and 0.86, for iFlash‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG were 652.31 (95% CI 362.32−1174.41) and 0.97, for iFlash‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM were 36.72 (95% CI 12.42−108.54) and 0.76, for MAGLUMI 2019‐nCoV IgG were 145.44 (95% CI 59.37−356.30) and 0.90, for MAGLUMI 2019‐nCoV IgM were 21.59 (95% CI 14.27−32.67) and 0.59, for ortho‐clinical anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG were 719.46 (95% CI 262.34−1973.13) and 1.00, for ortho‐clinical anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 total were 1104.60 (95% CI 395.64−3083.99) and 1.00, for Siemens SARS‐CoV‐2 total (COV2T) were 1143.37 (95% CI 316.49−4130.62) and 0.99, for Wantai SARS‐CoV‐2 total Ab were 1014.98 (95% CI 618.48−1665.66) and 1.00. The pooled DOR for assays‐based IgG (n = 43), assays‐based total antibody (n = 35), and assays‐based IgM (n = 20) was 242.88 (95% CI 157.66−374.16), 1215.90 (95% CI 547.14−2702.07), and 40.99 (95% CI 22.63−74.25). The diagnostic accuracy of assays‐based total antibody performed better than those of assays‐based IgG and assays‐based IgM; assays‐based IgG performed better than assays‐based IgM. Conclusion This study suggested that the Siemens SARS‐CoV‐2 total (COV2T), ortho‐clinical anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 total, and Wantai SARS‐CoV‐2 total had the best overall diagnostic accuracy. The diagnostic efficacy of the assays‐based total antibody had statistically significantly higher accuracy than those of assays‐based IgG and assays‐based IgM for COVID‐19.

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) derived kinetic parameters with high spatiotemporal resolution in discriminating malignant from normal prostate tissues.MethodsFifty patients with suspicious of malignant diseases in prostate were included in this study. Regions of interest (ROI) were manually delineated by experienced radiologists. Voxel-wise kinetic parameters were produced with the following tracer kinetic models (TKMs): Tofts model, extended Tofts model (ETM), Brix’s conventional two-compartment model (Brix), adiabatic tissue homogeneity model (ATH), and distributed parameter model (DP). The initial area under the signal-time curve (IAUC) with an uptake integral approach was also included. Mann–Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the capability of distinguishing tumor lesions from normal tissues. A p-value of 0.05 or less is considered statistically significant. ROI based parameters correlation analysis between DP and ETM were performed.Results624 lesions and 269 normal tissue ROIs were obtained. Thirty parameters were derived from the six kinetic models. Except for PS from Brix, statistically significant differences between lesions and normal tissues (P 0.65). The correlation coefficient between Ktrans from ETM and PS from DP is 0.751.ConclusionMTT, Vp and PS from DP, Ktrans from ETM and Tofts, E and PS from ATH, F from Brix and IAUC parameters can be used to differentiate malignant lesions from normal tissues in the prostate.

Ecosystem water-use efficiency (WUE) is a crucial indicator for evaluating carbon and water cycles. Although greening and climate change have significantly altered the WUE in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems, the roles of physiological and ecological processes are not fully understood. To address this, WUE is broken down into two key ratios: gross primary productivity to transpiration (GPP/T), which mainly reflects the effect of plant physiological processes, and transpiration to evapotranspiration (T/ET), which primarily indicates the impact of vegetation changes. Both ratios are influenced by climate change. This study employed a newly developed satellite-based ecosystem service process model Carbon and Exchange between Vegetation, Soil, and Atmosphere-ecosystem service (CEVSA-ES) to examine the impact of GPP/T and T/ET on WUE in China's terrestrial ecosystems from 2000 to 2022, alongside an analysis of the environmental variables affecting these ratios. This study revealed a general increase in WUE during the study period with significant interdecadal differences. Between 2000 and 2010, WUE was relatively stable (slope = 0.0023 g C kg−1 H2O a−1, p > 0.05), primarily because the decrease in GPP/T (p 0.05). Factors affecting GPP/T and T/ET showed considerable variability. Precipitation had the main influence on GPP/T, accounting for 70 % of its variation. The initial decade of the 21st century experienced an overall precipitation deficiency, followed by a sustained surplus in the subsequent years, resulting in interdecadal fluctuations in GPP/T. In contrast, T/ET was affected by a combination of factors, including the leaf area index, temperature, and precipitation, contributing 39 %, 29 %, and 32 %, respectively. The present study advances our understanding of the interaction of terrestrial ecosystem with the atmosphere amid global changes, offering crucial insights for forecasting the future dynamics of carbon and water cycles.

Bamboo fiber (BF) has emerged as a promising natural, environmentally friendly material for use in composite materials. The steam explosion process plays a crucial role in preparing BFs suitable for composites. In this study, the effects of solid–liquid ratio, explosion pressure, and explosion holding time on BF preparation were investigated by orthogonal experiments, and the structural and chemical changes occurring during the separation of BF were also investigated. The results showed that the combined method of alkali treatment and steam explosion successfully produced BFs with good morphology. The highest yield of fine fibers (39.07%) was obtained at a solid–liquid ratio of 2:1, explosion pressure of 2.2 MPa, and explosion holding time of 4 min. BFs obtained using the optimal values exhibited dispersed fiber bundles, partial removal of hemicellulose and lignin, and improved crystallinity. Furthermore, the hygroscopicity of BFs decreased, reaching a minimum of 15% under the optimal process conditions. The optimization of steam explosion parameters can help to improve the extraction efficiency of fine fibers for composites and promote the industrialization of BFs prepared by steam explosion.

This study enhances the understanding of virus removal efficiency by filters, crucial for predicting respiratory disease transmission risk and guiding outbreak prevention. Current research often neglects the survival behaviour of pathogens. Addressing this, our research develops a novel approach anchored in medical experimental data. A mathematical model was established to depict the dynamic changes in particulate concentration within non-centralized air-conditioned rooms, considering indoor and outdoor concentrations, natural ventilation, and filter dynamics. The model’s reliability was affirmed through particle and aerosolized pathogen filtration experiments, showing an R2 value over 0.99, indicating strong agreement with empirical data. Analysis of filter operation, both with and without infection sources during epidemics, reveals that the use of split air conditioners and filters significantly reduces pathogen concentration. Pathogens trapped in filters undergo natural decay, considerably lowering transmission risk compared to airborne states. This research offers a scientifically grounded, precise methodology for evaluating respiratory disease transmission risks, contributing substantially to public health management.

Objectives: In clinical practice, the majority of α-thalassaemia cases arise from deletions of the α-globin genes. However, a subset of cases is attributed to rare haemoglobin variants, which can manifest with borderline or normal screening results, potentially leading to missed diagnoses in clinical practice.Methods: Blood samples were collected from family members and underwent haematological, DNA and RNA analysis.Results: The five-month-old proband presented a haematological phenotype consistent with Hb H disease. The mother’s haematology profile was consistent with an α-thalassaemia carrier, while the father exhibited a borderline reduction in MCV and MCH. MALDI-TOF identified an abnormal α-chain in the proband. DNA analysis revealed a novel α-globin variant (HBA2:c.175C>A, α58His>Asn, Hb DG-Nancheng) affecting the distal histidine in the family. The father and the mother had α-genotype of --SEA/αα and αDG-Nanchengα/αα, respectively; while the proband inherited both mutant alleles (--SEA/αDG-Nanchengα). Sequencing of cDNA from HBA2 gene identified an equal ratio of normal and mutant alleles.Conclusion: This rare case highlighted the importance of identifying rare haemoglobin variant during prenatal screening. The clinical and genetic data provides useful information on the pathogenicity of this variant and further insight into the role of distal histidine residue of α-globin.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of tranexamic acid (TXA) in preventing postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) among women with identified risk factors for PPH undergoing vaginal delivery in China.Methods This prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint (PROBE) trial enrolled 2258 women with one or more risk factors for PPH who underwent vaginal delivery. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive an intravascular infusion of 1 g TXA or a placebo immediately after the delivery of the infant. The primary outcome assessed was the incidence of PPH, defined as blood loss ≥500 mL within 24 h after delivery, while severe PPH was considered as a secondary outcome and defined by total blood loss ≥1000 mL within 24 h.Results 2245 individuals (99.4%) could be followed up to their primary outcome. PPH occurred in 186 of 1128 women in the TXA group and in 215 of 1117 women in the placebo group (16.5% vs. 19.2%; RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.02; p = 0.088). Regarding secondary outcomes related to efficacy, women in the TXA group had a significant lower rate of severe PPH than those in the placebo group (2.7% vs. 5.6%; RR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.74; p = 0.001; adjusted p = 0.002). Similarly, there was a significant reduction in the use of additional uterotonic agents (7.8% vs. 15.6%; RR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.63; p

Abstract. Introduction:. Chronic primary pain conditions (CPPCs) are linked to catecholamine activation of peripheral adrenergic receptors. Yet, catecholamine-dependent epigenetic mechanisms, such as microRNA (miRNA) regulation of mRNA transcripts, remain largely unknown. Objectives:. We sought to identify RNA species correlated with case status in 3 pain cohorts, to validate RNAs found to be dysregulated in a mouse model of CPPC onset, and to directly test the role of adrenergic receptors in miRNA regulation. Furthermore, we tested antinociceptive effects of miR-374 overexpression. Methods:. We used RNA-seq and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to measure RNA expression in 3 pain cohorts. Next, we validated identified RNAs with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in a mouse model of CPPC onset, measuring expression in plasma, peripheral (adipose, muscle, dorsal root ganglia [DRG]), and central (spinal cord) tissues. Then, we stimulated adrenergic receptors in primary adipocyte and DRG cultures to directly test regulation of microRNAs by adrenergic signaling. Furthermore, we used in vitro calcium imaging to measure the antinociceptive effects of miR-374 overexpression. Results:. We found that one miRNA family, miR-374, was downregulated in the plasma of individuals with temporomandibular disorder, fibromyalgia syndrome, or widespread pain following a motor vehicle collision. miR-374 was also downregulated in plasma, white adipose tissue, and spinal cord from mice with multisite mechanical sensitivity. miR-374 downregulation in plasma and spinal cord was female specific. Norepinephrine stimulation of primary adipocytes, but not DRG, led to decreased miR-374 expression. Furthermore, we identified tissue-specific and sex-specific changes in the expression of predicted miR-374 mRNA targets, including known (HIF1A, NUMB, TGFBR2) and new (ATXN7, CRK-II) pain targets. Finally, we demonstrated that miR-374 overexpression in DRG neurons reduced capsaicin-induced nociceptor activity. Conclusions:. Downregulation of miR-374 occurs between adrenergic receptor activation and mechanical hypersensitivity, and its adipocyte source implicates adipose signaling in nociception. Further study of miR-374 may inform therapeutic strategies for the millions worldwide who experience CPPCs.

Abstract Objective Paracidovorax avenae (Pa) is the causative agent of red stripe disease in sugarcane and belongs to the Gram-negative β-Proteobacteria. Red stripe is a major bacterial disease of sugarcane worldwide. Limited genome sequences of Pa can be used for exploring the phylogenetic and genetic diversity analysis in this pathogen at the complete genome level. In this study, a whole genome sequence of Pa CNGX08 strain isolated from sugarcane in China was assembled and annotated. Data description Genome assembly data from second- and third-generation sequencing revealed that the entire genomic sequence of Pa CNGX08 strain causing red stripe in sugarcane, consisted of a 5,625,582 bp circular chromosome with a GC content of 68.97%. In total, 4,915 protein-coding genes were annotated. Additionally, 9 ribosomal RNAs and 52 transfer RNAs were identified. This genomic resource will facilitate the genome-based taxonomic classification of the genus Paracidovorax and the exploration of pathogenic mechanisms underlying sugarcane red stripe disease caused by Pa.

The latest review published in Nature Reviews Drug Discovery by Michael W. Mullowney and co-authors focuses on the use of artificial intelligence techniques, specifically machine learning, in natural product drug discovery. The authors discussed various applications of AI in this field, such as genome and metabolome mining, structural characterization of natural products, and predicting targets and biological activities of these compounds. They also highlighted the challenges associated with creating and managing large datasets for training algorithms, as well as strategies to address these obstacles. Additionally, the authors examine common pitfalls in algorithm training and offer suggestions for avoiding them.

Abstract Salmonella, the prevailing zoonotic pathogen within the Enterobacteriaceae family, holds the foremost position in global bacterial poisoning incidents, thereby signifying its paramount importance in public health. Consequently, the imperative for expeditious and uncomplicated detection techniques for Salmonella in food is underscored. After more than two decades of development, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has emerged as a potent adjunct to the polymerase chain reaction, demonstrating significant advantages in the realm of isothermal amplification. Its growing prominence is evident in the increasing number of reports on its application in the rapid detection of Salmonella. This paper provides a systematic exposition of the technical principles and characteristics of LAMP, along with an overview of the research progress made in the rapid detection of Salmonella using LAMP and its derivatives. Additionally, the target genes reported in various levels, including Salmonella genus, species, serogroup, and serotype, are summarized, aiming to offer a valuable reference for the advancement of LAMP application in Salmonella detection. Finally, we look forward to the development direction of LAMP and expect more competitive methods to provide strong support for food safety applications.

Abstract In recent years, museums have become valuable venues for students to develop career awareness outside of school. However, optimizing the educational potential of museums and improving learners’ outcomes presents a significant challenge in museum learning design. This study integrates three main game elements—goals, stories, and role-playing—into museum visits to design a Gamified Learning Activity (GLA). To verify the effectiveness of the GLA, we conducted a quasi-experiment with 66 elementary school students at the Handicraft Museum. Using a mixed-methods approach with convergent parallel design, we collected quantitative data from knowledge tests and qualitative data from DAST (Draw-a-Scientist-Test) and interviews for a comprehensive analysis. The results showed that learners who participated in the GLA paid more attention to the details of the handicrafts, appreciated the craftsmen more, and eliminated stereotypes about the age of craftsmen. This indicates that the GLA not only enhances learners’ acquisition of museum knowledge but also has a profound impact on their non-cognitive aspects, such as career awareness.

Abstract Background Mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) variants have been found to cause disease. Post-transcriptional queuosine (Q) modifications of mt-tRNA can promote efficient mitochondrial mRNA translation. Q modifications of mt-tRNAAsn have recently been identified. Here, the therapeutic effectiveness of queuine was investigated in cells from patients with mt-tRNAAsn variants. Methods Six patients (from four families) carrying mt-tRNAAsn variants were included in the study. Queuine levels were quantified by mass spectrometry. Clinical, genetic, histochemical, biochemical, and molecular analysis was performed on muscle tissues and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from patients to investigate the pathogenicity of the novel m.5708 C > T variant. The use of queuine in mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from the mt-tRNAAsn variants was evaluated. Results The variants included the m.5701 delA, m.5708 C > T, m.5709 C > T, and m.5698 G > A variants in mt-tRNAAsn. The pathogenicity of the novel m.5708 C > T variant was confirmed, as demonstrated by a decreased steady-state level of mt-tRNAAsn, mtDNA-encoded protein levels, oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and the respiratory complex activity. Notably, the serum queuine level was significantly reduced in these patients and in vitro queuine supplementation was found to restore the reductions in mitochondrial protein activities, mitochondrial membrane potential, OCR, and increases in reactive oxygen species. Conclusions The study not only confirmed the pathogenicity of the m.5708 C > T variant but also explored the therapeutic potential of queuine in individuals with mt-tRNAAsn variants. The recognition of the novel m.5708 C > T variant’s pathogenic nature contributes to our comprehension of mitochondrial disorders. Furthermore, the results emphasize queuine supplementation as a promising approach to enhance the stability of mt-tRNAAsn and rescue mitochondrial dysfunction caused by mt-tRNAAsn variants, indicating potential implications for the development of targeted therapies for patients with mt-tRNAAsn variants.

A perfect directed code (or an efficient twin domination) of a digraph is a vertex subset where every other vertex in the digraph has a unique in- and a unique out-neighbor in the subset. In this paper, we show that a digraph covers a complete digraph if and only if the vertex set of this digraph can be partitioned into perfect directed codes. Equivalent conditions for subsets in Cayley digraphs to be perfect directed codes are given. Especially, equivalent conditions for normal subsets, normal subgroups, and subgroups to be perfect directed codes in Cayley digraphs are given. Moreover, we show that every subgroup of a finite group is a perfect directed code for a transversal Cayley digraph.

Abstract Objectives Patients undergoing a prior failed attempt of chronic total occlusion‐percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO‐PCI) represent a challenging subgroup across all patients undergoing CTO‐PCI. There are limited data on the effects of a prior failed attempt on the outcomes of subsequent CTO‐PCI. We aimed to compare the procedural results and 24‐month outcomes of prior‐failed‐attempt CTO‐PCI with those of initial‐attempt CTO‐PCI. Methods Patients who underwent attempted CTO‐PCI between January 2017 and December 2019 were prospectively enrolled. We analyzed the procedural results and 24‐month major adverse cardiac events (MACE) between patients who underwent prior‐failed‐attempt and initial‐attempt CTO‐PCI. MACE was defined as a composite of cardiac death, target vessel‐related myocardial infarction, and ischemia‐driven target vessel revascularization (TVR) during follow‐up. Results In total, 484 patients who underwent CTO‐PCI (prior‐failed‐attempt, n = 49; initial‐attempt, n = 435) were enrolled during the study period. After propensity score matching (1:3), 147 patients were included in the initial‐attempt group. The proportion of the Japanese‐CTO (J‐CTO) score ≥2 was higher in the patients who underwent prior failed attempt than in those who underwent initial attempt (77.5% vs. 38.8%, p

Abstract We derive the exact solutions for electrically charged black holes both in the absence and presence of a cosmological constant in the gravitational theory with Lorentz violation induced by a background Kalb–Ramond (KR) field. The corresponding thermodynamic properties are investigated. It is found that the standard first law of thermodynamics and the Smarr formula remain valid for the charged KR black holes. Nevertheless, the Lorentz-violating effect influences their ranges of local thermodynamic stability and the first- and second-order phase transition points. Furthermore, to examine the impact of Lorentz violation on the motion of test particles in the spacetime, we analyze the shadow and the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) of these black holes. Our results reveal that both the shadow and ISCO radii exhibit a high sensitivity to the Lorentz-violating parameter $$\ell $$ ℓ , with a decrease observed as $$\ell $$ ℓ increases.

This study investigated the effects of a crystalline admixture (CA) and superabsorbent polymer (SAP) on the self-healing and mechanical properties of basalt fibre mortars. Uniaxial compression experiments were conducted on basalt fibre mortar specimens to investigate the effects of the two admixtures and different admixture ratios on the strength repair ability of basalt fibre mortar at different maintenance ages after pre-cracking, and microscopic observations of cracks and their healing products were conducted using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy to verify the experimental results. The results showed that CA has a noticeable advantage in the self-healing of microcracks by producing a dense material through chemical reactions, whereas SAP can effectively fill wider cracks and reduce their width through physical expansion. Compared with CA, SAP had a greater effect on the compressive strength of the basalt fibre mortars. The simultaneous dosing of CA and SAP in appropriate amounts can effectively combine the advantages of CA and SAP to optimise the self-healing effect of basalt fibre mortars, generating self-healing fillers based on calcium silicate and calcium carbonate in the cracks and enhancing the repair strength of basalt fibre mortars with a self-healing rate of 103%.

Abstract Mitigating pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) and post-harvest food loss (PHFL) is essential for enhancing food securrity. To reduce food loss, the use of plant derived specialized metabolites can represent a good approach to develop a more eco-friendly agriculture. Here, we have discovered that soybean seeds hidden underground during winter by Tscherskia triton and Apodemus agrarius during winter possess a higher concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) compared to those remaining exposed in fields. This selection by rodents suggests that among the identified volatiles, 3-FurAldehyde (Fur) and (E)-2-Heptenal (eHep) effectively inhibit the growth of plant pathogens such as Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium solani and Pseudomonas syringae. Additionally, compounds such as Camphene (Cam), 3-FurAldehyde, and (E)-2-Heptenal, suppress the germination of seeds in crops including soybean, rice, maize, and wheat. Importantly, some of these VOCs also prevent rice seeds from pre-harvest sprouting. Consequently, our findings offer straightforward and practical approaches to seed protection and the reduction of PHS and PHFL, indicating potential new pathways for breeding, and reducing both PHS and pesticide usage in agriculture.

Abstract This study investigates the factors influencing the lack of Braille-embossed labels in Chinese pharmaceutical product packaging. To this end, this study constructs an evolutionary game model of multi-participant behaviour in drug production regulation and conducts simulation based on the perspective of stakeholders in order to study the evolutionary steady state of regulatory authorities, pharmaceutical companies, and visually impaired individuals and the influence of each parameter variable on the choice of strategic behaviour of the participants. The simulation results show that in the legal framework of China, administrative penalties, the production subsidy rate, and the Basic Medical Insurance (BMI) reimbursement rate are the main drivers of the system’s evolution towards a steady state. Reduced costs of drugs with Braille-embossed packaging is a prerequisite for the visually impaired to purchase such drugs, and the key for the whole system to converge to a stable state therefore lies in the BMI reimbursement rate for drugs with Braille-embossed packaging. This paper suggests that the Chinese government should improve the law enforcement mechanism for the regulation of the production of drugs with Braille-embossed packaging; increase the type and intensity of administrative penalties as well as production subsidies, tax incentives, and compliance incentives for pharmaceutical companies; and provide higher BMI reimbursement rates for the visually impaired. The results of the study provide valuable insights to improve accessibility to drugs and build a barrier-free environment for ensuring medication safety in China and other developing countries.

Abstract The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain protein FAM92A1 is a multifunctional protein engaged in regulating mitochondrial ultrastructure and ciliogenesis, but its physiological role in the brain remains unclear. Here, we show that FAM92A1 is expressed in neurons starting from embryonic development. FAM92A1 knockout in mice results in altered brain morphology and age-associated cognitive deficits, potentially due to neuronal degeneration and disrupted synaptic plasticity. Specifically, FAM92A1 deficiency impairs diverse neuronal membrane morphology, including the mitochondrial inner membrane, myelin sheath, and synapses, indicating its roles in membrane remodeling and maintenance. By determining the crystal structure of the FAM92A1 BAR domain, combined with atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, we uncover that FAM92A1 interacts with phosphoinositide- and cardiolipin-containing membranes to induce lipid-clustering and membrane curvature. Altogether, these findings reveal the physiological role of FAM92A1 in the brain, highlighting its impact on synaptic plasticity and neural function through the regulation of membrane remodeling and endocytic processes.

To elucidate the development patterns and influencing factors of natural fractures in deep-buried tight oil reservoirs, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted using a large amount of core samples, thin section, physical property data, imaging and conventional logging, water injection pressure testing and other data. The focus was on the tight oil reservoirs within the Ⅱ-Ⅵ oil layers of the third member of the Paleogene Hetaoyuan Formation in the southeastern An'peng area of the Biyang Depression, Nanxiang Basin. These oil formations, deposited in fan-delta front environment, are characterized by a high content of rock debris, indicating proximal deposition. A strong positive correlation between reservoir porosity and permeability was observed. Among the various sandstone lithologies, fractures predominantly developed in fine sandstone, followed by siltstone, while gravelly sandstone generally lacked fractures. High-angle and vertical fractures were predominant, constituting 87.8% of the total, while low-angle oblique and horizontal fractures accounted for 7.3% and 4.9%, respectively. The main controlling factors for fracture development in these tight reservoirs included lithology, depositional microfacies, and local structures. Thin and fine-grained single or composite sand bodies typically had more deve-loped fractures, particularly in front channel, channel flank, mouth bar, and outer edge of distal bars. Conversely, fractures were less developed in sheet sands or delta front microfacies. Moreover, fractures primarily formed at structural inflection points, predominantly at the tops and wings of forward structures and were primarily oriented along the WE and NE directions, followed by the NW direction. These fractures predominantly formed during the Neogene depression period (late Himalayan). Fractures significantly influence water channeling in tight oil reservoirs, necessitating enhanced dynamic and static monitoring of the degree, extent, and orientation of fracture development.

Abstract Objective This study aims to conduct an extensive analysis of autoimmune bullous diseases, particularly pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid, in Shanghai, China, from 2016 to 2023. It seeks to understand the demographic profiles, comorbidities, mortality rates, risk factors, and socioeconomic impacts associated with autoimmune bullous disease. Methods A cross-sectional study design was employed, enrolling 1,072 patients. Diagnostic measures included clinical manifestations, histopathology, direct immunofluorescence, and serologic tests. The study also involved a detailed socioeconomic analysis and evaluation of occupational risks. Results The findings highlight a significant occupational risk in industries requiring enhanced safety measures, with a notable prevalence of autoimmune bullous disease among workers in these sectors. A considerable portion of the patients were from low-income backgrounds with limited literacy, indicating the economic burden of autoimmune bullous disease. A key discovery of the study is the potential pathological link between autoimmune bullous disease and interstitial lung disease. Conclusion This research, one of the first comprehensive studies on autoimmune bullous disease in China, underscores the need for targeted healthcare strategies and further investigation into autoimmune bullous disease, particularly its relationship with interstitial lung disease.

Abstract The discovery of novel two-dimensional (2D) multiferroic materials is attractive due to their potential for the realization of information storage and logic devices. Although many approaches have been explored to simultaneously introduce ferromagnetic (FM) and ferroelectric (FE) orders into a 2D material, the resulting systems are often plagued by weak magnetoelectric (ME) coupling or limited room-temperature stability. Here, we present a superlattice strategy to construct non-centrosymmetric AM2X4 multiferroic monolayers, i.e., intercalating transition metal ions (A) into the tetragonal-like vacancies of transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers (MX2). Starting from 960 intercalated AM2X4 compounds, our high-throughput calculations have identified 21 multiferroics with robust magnetic order, large FE polarization, low transition barrier, high FE/FM transition temperature, and strong ME coupling. According to the origin of magnetism, we have classified them into twelve type-a, seven type-b, and two type-c multiferroics, which exhibit different ME coupling behavior. During the switching of polarization, the reversal of skyrmions chirality, the transition of the magnetic ground state from FM to antiferromagnetic, and the changes in spin-polarized electron distribution were observed in type-a, type-b, and type-c 2D multiferroic materials, respectively. These results substantially expand the family of 2D ferroic materials and pave an avenue for designing and implementing nonvolatile logic and memory devices.

Abstract Recent studies have shown the crucial role of podocyte injury in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Deubiquitinating modification of proteins is widely involved in the occurrence and development of diseases. Here, we explore the role and regulating mechanism of a deubiquitinating enzyme, OTUD5, in podocyte injury and DKD. RNA-seq analysis indicates a significantly decreased expression of OTUD5 in HG/PA-stimulated podocytes. Podocyte-specific Otud5 knockout exacerbates podocyte injury and DKD in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. Furthermore, AVV9-mediated OTUD5 overexpression in podocytes shows a therapeutic effect against DKD. Mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation experiments reveal an inflammation-regulating protein, TAK1, as the substrate of OTUD5 in podocytes. Mechanistically, OTUD5 deubiquitinates K63-linked TAK1 at the K158 site through its active site C224, which subsequently prevents the phosphorylation of TAK1 and reduces downstream inflammatory responses in podocytes. Our findings show an OTUD5-TAK1 axis in podocyte inflammation and injury and highlight the potential of OTUD5 as a promising therapeutic target for DKD.

Abstract Lung cancer stands as the leading cause of mortality among all types of tumors, with over 40% of cases being lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Family with sequence similarity 83 member A (FAM83A) emerges as a notable focus due to its frequent overexpression in LUAD. Despite this, the precise role of FAM83A remains elusive. This study addresses this gap by unveiling the crucial involvement of FAM83A in maintaining the cancer stem cell-like (CSC-like) phenotype of LUAD. Through a global proteomics analysis, the study identifies human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2 or ErbB2) as a crucial target of FAM83A. Mechanistically, FAM83A facilitated ErbB2 expression at the posttranslational modification level via the E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1 (STIP1-homologous U-Box containing protein 1). More importantly, the interaction between FAM83A and ErbB2 at Arg241 promotes calcineurin (CALN)-mediated dephosphorylation of ErbB2, followed by inhibition of STUB1-mediated ubiquitin-proteasomal ErbB2 degradation. The maintenance of the CSC-like phenotype by FAM83A, achieved through the posttranslational regulation of ErbB2, offers valuable insights for identifying potential therapeutic targets for LUAD.

Study region: Yellow River Delta (YRD), China's youngest wetland ecosystem Study focus: Drastic land use and cover change (LUCC), along with environmental shifts, have significantly affected evapotranspiration (ET) in YRD. However, few studies have examined the spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of ET due to satellite-based data constraints. We used the PT-JPL model and Dalton formula based on high-resolution satellite data to simulate ET from 2000 to 2023 and quantified the relative contributions of LUCC and environmental factors. New hydrological insight for the region: ET in YRD has significantly increased over the past decades, with an annual rise of 2.13 × 10⁻² gigatons of water per year (P