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This work elucidates the photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing of melatonin employing graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs) synthesized through a microwave-assisted method. GONRs served as electrocatalysts for screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) to facilitate melatonin detection. We incorporated both a light-emitting diode (LED) and a solar simulator as light sources for PEC evaluations. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that the faradaic currents corresponding to melatonin oxidation on GONRs-modified SPCE were amplified under both LED and simulated solar light irradiation. Notably, the GONR (150 W) registered the most pronounced enhancement in the photo-assisted faradaic current and the highest conversion efficiency. Employing the solar simulator, certain thermal factor ratios concerning conversion efficiencies surpassed 50.0% at light intensities of both 80 mW/cm2 and 100 mW/cm2. Conversely, with the LED source, the thermal contribution remained below 15.0% of the total PEC faradaic current. We posit that obtaining conversion efficiencies devoid of thermal influences is pivotal for deepening our comprehension of PEC biosensing mechanisms.

Background: Transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase ( RNF43 ) mutations are present in approximately 6–18% of colorectal cancers (CRC) and could enhance Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is emerging as a promising therapeutic target. This study aims to investigate the clinical and molecular characteristics and potential heterogeneity of RNF43 -mutant CRC. Methods: A total of 78 patients with RNF43 -mutant CRC were enrolled from July 2013 to November 2022. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, treatment regimens used, and survival outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results: Our study uncovered that patients with RNF43 mutations in the N-terminal domain (NTD; n = 50) exhibited shorter overall survival (OS; median months, 50.80 versus not reached; p = 0.043) compared to those in the C-terminal domain (CTD; n = 17). Most RNF43 mutations in NTD had positive primary lymph node status, low tumor mutation burden (TMB-L), and correlated with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR)/microsatellite stable (MSS) status. By contrast, RNF43 mutations in CTD were significantly enriched in deficient MMR (dMMR)/microsatellite instability (MSI-H) tumors with high TMB (TMB-H). N-terminal RNF43 -mutated tumors harbored a hotspot variant ( RNF43 R117fs ), which independently predicted a significantly worse outcome in pMMR/MSS CRC with a median OS of 18.9 months. Patients with RNF43 mutations and the BRAF V600E alterations demonstrated sensitivity to BRAF/EGFR inhibitors. Moreover, we observed that pMMR/MSS patients with RNF43 R117fs mutation had a higher incidence of stage IV, ⩾2 metastatic sites, low TMB, and none of them received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy. Conclusion: Our findings provide the first evidence that RNF43 mutations in NTD and the R117fs variant correlate with a poorer prognosis in CRC patients, providing strategies for Wnt-targeted therapy to improve clinical efficacy.

Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is essential in prostate cancer treatment. For many years, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been primarily applied to manage advanced prostate cancer. However, most individuals with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) administered ADT alone are at risk of developing metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in less than two years. New approaches employing novel AR inhibitors (ARi) as intensified upfront systemic treatment in mHSPC have recently demonstrated substantial benefits in delaying disease progression and prolonging overall survival. Administration of novel ARi has become the new standard of care in mHSPC. The new landscape simultaneously makes treatment choice more challenging. This review provides comprehensive data on molecular structure, pharmaceutical properties, and efficacy and safety profiles reported by pivotal clinical trials. We also discuss future directions with ongoing Phase III trials of novel ARi in mHSPC. Considering these biological and clinical insights, this review aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of differences in the development and applications of novel ARi for mHSPC, which may be helpful in designing strategies for first-line treatment choices.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an important regulatory factor for natural killer cell activity (NKA) in the tumor microenvironment. The relationship between circulating EVs in the peripheral blood and natural killer (NK) cells in prostate cancer (PCa) is unclear. This study aimed at investigating the key regulators in the interaction between circulating EVs and NK cells in PCa patients before and after tumor removal. NK‐cell characteristics were prospectively assessed in 79 patients treated with robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy preoperatively and postoperatively. Compared with healthy donors, the existence of prostate tumors increased the number of circulating EVs and altered ligand expression of EVs. Circulating EVs extracted from cancer patients significantly decreased NKA of NK cells compared with those extracted from healthy donors. Upon treatment with an inhibiting antibody or small interfering RNA, natural killer cell protein group 2A (NKG2A) was identified as the main NKA regulator in cancer patients for accepting the signal from circulating EVs. After surgery, NKA was increased and NKG2A expression on NK cells was significantly reduced. The expression of ligands for natural killer cell protein group 2D (NKG2D) on EVs and the level of circulation EVs both significantly increased. With the decrease in NKG2A levels on NK cells and the increase in total NKG2D ligands on circulating EVs, which was increased postoperatively, both NKG2A on NK cells and NKG2D ligands on circulating exosomes are main regulators of NKA restoration after prostatectomy.

Maternal health literacy (MHL) equips pregnant women to seek timely Antenatal care (ANC). Through ANC, health workers can provide education that contributes to reducing the maternal mortality rate. This research aims to investigate the relationship between MHL and adherence to recommended ANC contacts and explore how mothers experience accessing ANC. The study design was a mixed-method study. A total of 305 pregnant women with various characteristics participated in this study. Quantitative data analysis used simple linear regression, while qualitative used Collaizi's strategy. The research found a positive relationship between MHL and adherence to recommended ANC contact with R2 = 0.18; F(1, 303) = 6.533, p < 0.05. Three themes represented the phenomenon of pregnant women in carrying out ANC: 1) perceptions about ANC, 2) challenges faced by pregnant women in accessing recommended ANC contact, and 3) supporting factors in doing routine ANC contact. Pregnant women with higher MHL have higher adherence to ANC contact. Health workers and policymakers can involve the results of this research in efforts to revise or make policies related to increasing pregnant women's ANC contacts.

Abstract Background Circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels within the normal reference range can affect the cardiovascular system. The present study investigated the prognostic value of normal TSH levels in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Between January 2013 and July 2019, 1240 patients with AMI and normal thyroid function were enrolled and classified according to TSH tertile. The trial endpoint was all-cause mortality. The integrated discrimination index (IDI) and the net reclassification index (NRI) were used to assess the combined predictive values of the TSH levels and the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) scores. Results After a median 44.25-month follow-up, 195 individuals died. Even after covariate adjustment by multivariate Cox regression (HR: 1.56; 95% CI 1.08–2.25; P = 0.017), the patients in the third TSH tertile were at the highest risk of all-cause mortality. A subgroup analysis revealed significant interactions between the TSH levels and the GRACE scores (high risk vs. low/medium risk) (P = 0.019). The addition of the TSH levels to the GRACE scores substantially improved the prediction of all-cause mortality, especially for high-risk patients (NRI = 0.239; IDI = 0.044; C-statistic value range 0.649–0.691; all significant). Conclusions The third TSH tertile is associated with a higher incidence of all-cause mortality than the first TSH tertile in high-risk patients presenting with AMI after PCI.

Abstract Background Sequential infections with SARS-CoV-2 variants such as Alpha, Delta, Omicron and its sublineages may cause high morbidity, so it is necessary to develop vaccines that can protect against both wild-type (WT) virus and its variants. Mutations in SARS-CoV-2’s spike protein can easily alter viral transmission and vaccination effectiveness. Methods In this study, we designed full-length spike mRNAs for WT, Alpha, Delta, and BA.5 variants and integrated each into monovalent or bivalent mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccines. A pseudovirus neutralization assay was conducted on immunized mouse sera in order to examine the neutralizing potential of each vaccine. Results Monovalent mRNA vaccines were only effective against the same type of virus. Interestingly, monovalent BA.5 vaccination could neutralize BF.7 and BQ.1.1. Moreover, WT, Alpha, Delta, BA.5, and BF.7 pseudoviruses were broadly neutralized by bivalent mRNA vaccinations, such as BA.5 + WT, BA.5 + Alpha, and BA.5 + Delta. In particular, BA.5 + WT exhibited high neutralization against most variants of concern (VOCs) in a pseudovirus neutralization assay. Conclusions Our results show that combining two mRNA sequences may be an effective way to develop a broadly protective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine against a wide range of variant types. Importantly, we provide the optimal combination regimen and propose a strategy that may prove useful in combating future VOCs.

Traditional model tests for soil and rock materials face challenges in observing the slurry diffusion within the soil mass, hindering the understanding of the relationship between grouting-induced ground deformation and grout diffusion. This study conducts grouting diffusion model tests using a self-developed experimental setup on both ordinary and transparent sand. We investigate cement slurry diffusion patterns, distribution characteristics, and temporal variations in ground uplift displacement during the grouting process. By leveraging a visualization grouting model and non-intrusive displacement measurements, we directly observe and verify the changes in cement slurry diffusion and ground displacement in transparent sand. The results indicate the following: during non-steady grouting in sand, slurry diffusion progresses from low-pressure infiltration to medium-pressure compaction, culminating in high-pressure fracturing; ground uplift displacement curves exhibit a consistent “step-like” increase with grouting time, featuring accelerated growth after each step; and visualization tests reveal a strong correlation between grouting pressure, slurry diffusion, and corresponding uplift displacement. Distinct features in the grouting pressure plot align with the acceleration phases of the displacement; at a water–cement ratio (w/c) of 0.8, the stratum’s vertical deformation shows a symmetric “higher in the middle, lower on the sides” distribution. As the burial depth decreases, the stratum’s uplift displacement tends to flatten horizontally, especially at w/c = 0.8 and 1.2.

The supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) has garnered significant attention as an innovative, efficient, and environmentally friendly solvent for the effective extraction and separation of bioactive compounds from natural resources. However, research on the use of a SUPRAS for the extraction of phenolic compounds from plants, which are highly valued in food products due to their exceptional antioxidant properties, remains scarce. The present study developed a green, ultra-sound-assisted SUPRAS method for the simultaneous determination of three phenolic acids in Prunella vulgaris using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The experimental parameters were meticulously optimized. The efficiency and antioxidant properties of the phenolic compounds obtained using different extraction methods were also compared. Under optimal conditions, the extraction efficiency of the SUPRAS, prepared with octanoic acid reverse micelles dispersed in ethanol–water, significantly exceeded that of conventional organic solvents. Moreover, the SUPRAS method demonstrated greater antioxidant capacity. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images revealed the spherical droplet structure of the SUPRAS, characterized by a well-defined circular fluorescence position, which coincided with the position of the phenolic acids. The phenolic acids were encapsulated within the SUPRAS droplets, indicating their efficient extraction capacity. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations combined with CLSM supported the proposed method’s mechanism and theoretically demonstrated the superior extraction performance of the SUPRAS. In contrast to conventional methods, the higher extraction efficiency of the SUPRAS can be attributed to the larger solvent contact surface area, the formation of more types of hydrogen bonds between the extractants and the supramolecular solvents, and stronger, more stable interaction forces. The results of the theoretical studies corroborate the experimental outcomes.

This study investigated the uptake of thallium (Tl) by rice seedlings grown in different soils with varying physiochemical properties and Tl levels to elucidate the key factors governing soil Tl availability and accumulation in rice plants. The bioconcentration factors of Tl in rice roots (2.5–25.6) and shoots (1.5–14.7) indicated high soil Tl availability and efficient uptake and translocation of Tl in rice plants, with significant variations across soil types. Growth suppression and visual toxic symptoms, such as stem buckling, yellowish leaf tips, and withering leaf edges, occurred at low soil Tl levels due to high Tl toxicity. The accumulation of Tl by rice plants was influenced by both soil and plant-related factors. Cation exchange reactions primarily influenced the concentration of Tl in soil solution, with potassium ions (K+) acting as competitors for cation exchange sites with Tl+ ions and effective inhibitors of Tl uptake by rice plants. Increasing soil K content may mitigate soil Tl availability in contaminated soils by reducing soil Tl(I) adsorption and plant uptake. This study elucidates the key mechanisms governing soil Tl bioavailability and highlights potential management strategies to reduce Tl accumulation in crops.

Purpose: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are the first-line treatment for bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH) with primary aldosteronism (PA), while unilateral adrenalectomy is the standard treatment for aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). In this study, we investigated the outcomes of patients with BAH after unilateral adrenalectomy and compared them with those of patients with APA. Methods: From January 2010 to November 2018, 102 patients with a diagnosis of PA confirmed by adrenal vein sampling (AVS) and available NP-59 scans were enrolled. All patients underwent unilateral adrenalectomy based on the lateralization test results. We prospectively collected the clinical parameters over 12 months and compared the outcomes of BAH and APA. Results: A total of 102 patients were enrolled in this study: 20 (19.6%) had BAH and 82 (80.4%) had APA. Significant improvements in serum aldosterone-renin ratio (ARR), potassium level, and reduction of antihypertensive drugs were observed in both groups at 12 months after surgery (all p

Collagenous gastritis （CG） is a rare disease characterized by a zone of collagen deposits of > 10 μm in thickness under the gastric mucosal epithelium with inflammatory cell infiltration in the lamina propria. The pathogenesis of CG is still unclear， which may be related to many factors， such as autoimmunity， inflammation and drugs， etc. Clinical manifestations of CG are complex and diverse with a chronic recurrence and prolonged process， which can be divided into child- and adult-onset groups of clinical symptoms. At present， there is no standard treatment for CG. The following therapeutic regimens have been employed including hypoallergenic diet， inhibition of gastric juice secretion， gastrointestinal mucosal protective agent， oral iron agent，glucocorticoid，5-aminosalicylicacid and immunosuppressive agents. However， clinical efficacy and follow-up outcomes are not completely consistent. In this article， research progresses on CG at home and abroad were reviewed.

Aiming at the problems in the field of Android malicious family detection,such as insufficient code visualization method construction information,large classification effect affected by the number of data sets and low classification accuracy,an Android malicious family classification method based on multi feature file synthetic image and Xception improved model is proposed.Fir-stly,three feature files corresponding to RGB multi-channel are selected to synthesize color images.Then,the improved Xception model introduces the focal loss function to alleviate the negative impact caused by the uneven distribution of samples.Finally,the attention mechanism is integrated into the improved model to extract the image features of malicious code from different dimensions,which improves the classification effect of the model.Experimental results show that the malicious code images synthesized by the proposed method contain richer features,have higher accuracy than the mainstream malicious family classification methods,and have better classification effect for unbalanced data sets.

Background/purpose: A challenge that arises with periodontal regeneration surgery has been associated with the future development of periodontal regeneration membrane to prevent gingiva and fibroblasts invade the wound and allow alveolar bone successfully regenerated. Materials and methods: Chitosan (CS) has the advantages of non-toxicity, biodegradation, biocompatibility, and has been widely used in wound dressings. A flexible film was made using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blending CS based thermosensitive hydrogel. Results: The proposed 2% PVA/CS hydrogel has the highest swelling ratio about 720% after 60 min incubation and keeps its area after 10 min incubation for surgery suture. The elastic modulus of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 4% PVA/CS hydrogel were 7.75 ± 1.96, 0.91 ± 0.16, 0.75 ± 0.21, and 0.37 ± 0.06 MPa, respectively. The maximum strain of 2% PVA/CS hydrogel was 101.00 ± 28.03 (%). After 8 weeks biodegradation, the remain weight of 2% PVA/CS hydrogel was 71.36 ± 0.79 (%). Conclusion: In vitro cytotoxicity tests were performed and demonstrated PVA/CS hydrogel significantly improving cell proliferation. This study realized a promising flexible film for periodontal regeneration membrane that can prevent the rapid growth of fibroblasts to invade the wound and be used for periodontal regeneration surgery.

Abstract Quasi‐2D perovskites have recently flourished in the field of luminescence due to the quantum‐confinement effect and the efficient energy transfer between different n phases resulting in exceptional optical properties. However, owing to the lower conductivity and poor charge injection, quasi‐2D perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) typically suffer from low brightness and high‐efficiency roll‐off at high current densities compared to 3D perovskite‐based PeLEDs, which is undoubtedly one of the most critical issues in this field. In this work, quasi‐2D PeLEDs with high brightness, reduced trap density, and low‐efficiency roll‐off are successfully demonstrated by introducing a thin layer of conductive phosphine oxide at the perovskite/electron transport layer interface. The results surprisingly show that this additional layer does not improve the energy transfer between multiple quasi‐2D phases in the perovskite film, but purely improves the electronic properties of the perovskite interface. On the one hand, it passivates the surface defects of the perovskite film; on the other hand, it promotes electron injection and prevents hole leakage across this interface. As a result, the modified quasi‐2D pure Cs‐based device shows a maximum brightness of > 70,000 cd m−2 (twice that of the control device), a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of > 10% and a much lower efficiency roll‐off at high bias voltages.

Object: This research intended to probe the antibacterial effect and pharmacodynamic substances of Tea-Seed Oil (TSO) through the use of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) analysis, network analysis, and molecular docking.Methods: The major chemical components in the methanol-extracted fractions of TSO were subjected to UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were integrated to investigate the core components, targets, and potential mechanisms of action through which the TSO exert their antibacterial properties. To evaluate the inhibitory effects, the minimum inhibitory concentration and diameter of the bacteriostatic circle were calculated for the potential active ingredients and their equal ratios of combinatorial components (ERCC) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. Moreover, the quantification of the active constituents within TSO was achieved through the utilization of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results: The methanol-extracted fractions contained a total of 47 chemical components, predominantly consisting of unsaturated fatty acids and phenolic compounds. The network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking analysis revealed that various components, including gallocatechin, gallic acid, epigallocatechin, theophylline, chlorogenic acid, puerarin, and phlorizin, have the ability to interact with critical core targets such as serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (AKT1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a monoclonal antibody to mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), HSP90AA1, and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1). Furthermore, these components can modulate the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT), estrogen, MAPK and interleukin 17 (IL-17) signaling pathways, hereby exerting antibacterial effects. In vitro validation trials have found that seven components, namely gallocatechin, gallic acid, epigallocatechin, theophylline, chlorogenic acid, puerarin, and phloretin, displayed substantial inhibitory effects on E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans, and are typically present in tea oil, with a total content ranging from 15.87∼24.91 μg·g−1.Conclusion: The outcomes of this investigation possess the possibility to expand our knowledge base concerning the utilization of TSO, furnish a theoretical framework for the exploration of antibacterial drugs and cosmetics derived from inherently occurring TSO, and establish a robust groundwork for the advancement and implementations of TOS products within clinical settings.

As unsafe food production poses global health threats, especially in developing countries, food safety detection always significantly impacts all fields of the food industry, such as production, processing, transportation, storage, and consumption. Many classical food safety detecting methods have been widely used to provide accurate, sensitive, and reliable analytical characteristics, while they rely on clean laboratories, bulky setups, trained personnel, and long-time detection. Because of those conditions, they are not suitable for on-site food safety detecting applications. To solve this problem, various food safety detecting approaches relying on field-portable devices and field-operable techniques have been designed and successfully used, indicating that they are potentially ideal solutions for on-site applications. This review summarizes the progress on on-site food safety detecting approaches and applications for various risk factors, including bacteria, parasites, viruses, toxins, pesticide and veterinary drug residues, illegal food additives, restricted food ingredients, and heavy metals. It outlines recent advances in field-portable devices and field-operable techniques that provide conditions for on-site food safety detection. Recommended on-site food safety detecting approaches for different food safety risk factors are comprehensively suggested considering detecting feasibility, accuracy, and speed. These approaches reveal an attractive and promising route for future practical food safety detecting applications with the merits of portable devices, simple user-friendly operation, and rapid on-site detection. This review further addresses current challenges, and finally discusses future trends and strategies that could be employed in on-site food safety detection.

Abstract Background Taiwan has a high national caesarean rate coupled with a low vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) rate. This study aims to develop and evaluate a web-based decision-aid with communication support tools, to increase shared decision making (SDM) about birth after caesarean. Methods A quantitative approach will be adopted using a randomized pre-test and post-test experimental design in a medical centre in northern Taiwan. The web-based decision aid consists of five sections. Section 1 provides a two-part video to introduce SDM and how to participate in SDM. Section 2 presents an overview of functions and features of the birth decision-aid. Section 3 presents relevant VBAC information, including definitions, benefits and risks, and an artificial intelligence (AI) calculator for rate and likelihood of VBAC success. Section 4 presents the information regarding elective repeat caesarean delivery (ERCD), involving definitions, benefits, and risks. Section 5 comprises four steps of decision making to meet women’s values and preferences. Pregnant women who have had one previous caesarean and are eligible for VBAC, will be recruited at 14–16 weeks. Participants will complete a baseline survey prior to random allocation to either the control group (usual care) or intervention group (usual care plus an AI-decision aid). A follow up survey at 35–38 weeks will measure change in decisional conflict, knowledge, birth mode preference, and decision-aid acceptability. Actual birth outcomes and satisfaction will be assessed one month after birth. Discussion The innovative web-based decision-aid with support tools will help to promote pregnant women’s decision-making engagement and communication with their providers and improve opportunities for supportive communication about VBAC SDM in Taiwan. Linking web-based AI data analysis into the medical record will also be assessed for feasibility during implementation in clinical practice. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT05091944), Registered on October 24, 2021.

We present an effective modes theory for studying the strong light-matter interaction and better understanding the non-Markovian dynamics of a quantum emitter (QE) coupled to two-dimensional materials. Specifically, we investigate the spontaneous emission of a V-type QE in close proximity to a MoS$_{2}$ nanodisk. The non-Markovian population dynamics is observed and found linked to the initial states, indicating that the coupled system enters the strong-coupling regime. The effective modes analysis shows that though a dozen of resonant modes appear in the photonic density of states, only a few modes have significant contribution to the population dynamics. Our work demonstrates the effective modes theory as a powerful tool to explore and optimize the quantum states control of QE by two-dimensional materials.

Abstract To compare clinical outcomes between the use of robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiotherapy (RT) with long-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in locally advanced prostate cancer (PC), 315 patients with locally advanced PC (clinical T-stage 3/4) were considered for analysis retrospectively. Propensity score-matching at a 1:1 ratio was performed. The median follow-up period was 59.2 months (IQR 39.8–87.4). There were 117 (37.1%) patients in the RP group and 198 (62.9%) patients in the RT group. RT patients were older and had higher PSA at diagnosis, higher Gleason score grade group and more advanced T-stage (all p

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are naturally occurring secondary metabolites of plants. To date, more than 660 types of PAs have been identified from an estimated 6000 plants, and approximately 120 of these PAs are hepatotoxic. As a result of PAs being found in spices, herbal teas, honey, and milk, PAs are considered contaminants in foods, posing a potential risk to human health. Here, we summarize the chemical structure, toxic effects, levels, and regulation of PAs in different countries to provide a better understanding of their toxicity and risk assessment. With recent research on the risk assessment of PAs, this review also discusses the challenges facing this field, aiming to provide a scientific basis for PA toxicity research and safety assessment.

This study investigates tonotactic accidental gaps (unattested syllable-tone combinations) in Mandarin Chinese. In a corpus study, we found that, independent of syllable type, T2 (rising) and T3 (falling-rising) gaps were over-represented, whereas T1 (high level) and T4 (falling) gaps were under-represented. We also observed fewer T1 gaps with voiceless onsets and more T2 and T3 gaps with voiceless onsets, a pattern that is consistent with cross-linguistic observations. While these trends were generally reflected in a wordlikeness rating experiment by Mandarin listeners, their judgements of these gaps, similar to those of real words, were also guided by neighborhood density. Furthermore, T2 gaps with real-word T3 counterparts were rated as more wordlike, a result attributed to the T3 sandhi in Mandarin Chinese. Finally, we used harmonic scores generated from the UCLA Phonotactic Learner to explicitly test the role of lexical knowledge and markedness constraints in modeling speakers’ tonotactic knowledge reflected in the wordlikeness ratings. We found that grammars induced from lexical data were the most successful at predicting wordlikeness ratings of gaps and lexical syllables combined. However, when focused on the ratings of tonotactic gaps, grammars with markedness constraints informed by cross-linguistic observations were more successful even without the constraints being weighted on lexical data. The results show how lexical knowledge and universal markedness, which is not entirely learnable from the lexicon, may account for some tonotactic generalizations.

In this paper, the load effect on the magnetization performance of a stator consequent pole memory machine (SCPMM) is revealed and investigated comprehensively. The topology of the SCPMM is described, and influences of the load effect on the magnetization state (MS) manipulation process are characterized by the magnetic field distributions excited by different types of currents. Subsequently, the demagnetization type induced by the load effect and the cross-coupling phenomenon is identified and analyzed by a virtual linear hysteresis model. The characteristic curves of the magnetizing and demagnetizing processes vs different q-axis armature currents are tested experimentally in a SCPMM prototype. In order to improve the MS manipulation accuracy, a compensation control strategy that takes the load effect into consideration is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed compensation control strategy is verified by experiments.

BackgroundThe optimal revascularization strategy for elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains uncertain. We evaluated the impact of complete revascularization (CR) vs. incomplete revascularization (IR) in elderly ACS patients with multivessel disease (MVD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsUsing registry data from 2011 to 2019, we conducted a propensity-score matched cohort study. Elderly patients (≥75 years) with ACS and MVD who underwent PCI were divided into CR and IR groups based on angiography during index hospitalization. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including all-cause mortality, recurrent non-fatal myocardial infarction, and any revascularization, were assessed at 3-year follow-up.ResultsAmong 1,018 enrolled patients, 496 (48.7%) underwent CR and 522 (51.3%) received IR. After 1:1 propensity-score matching, we analyzed 395 pairs. At 3-year follow-up, CR was significantly associated with lower MACE risk compared to IR (16.7% vs. 25.6%, HR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.47–0.88, p = 0.006), driven by reduced all-cause mortality. This benefit was consistent across all pre-specified subgroups, particularly in ST segment elevation (STE)-ACS patients. In non-STE (NSTE)-ACS subgroup analysis, CR was also associated with a lower risk of cardiac mortality compared to IR (HR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.12–0.75, p = 0.01).ConclusionIn elderly ACS patients with MVD undergoing PCI, CR demonstrates superior long-term outcomes compared to IR, irrespective of STE- or NSTE-ACS presentation.

Abstract Room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) two‐dimensional (2D) organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) that possess superior stability and efficient triplet energy transfer between inorganic parts and organic cations have been seen as promising materials in optoelectronic devices. However, the development of RTP 2D OIHP‐based photomemory has not been explored yet. In this work, the spatially addressable RTP 2D OIHPs‐based nonvolatile flash photomemory is first investigated to explore the function of triplet excitons in elevating the performance of photomemory. Thanks to the triplet excitons generated in RTP 2D OIHP, extremely low photo‐programming time of 0.7 ms, multilevel behavior of minimum 7 bits (128 levels), remarkable photoresponsivity of 19.10 AW−1 and significantly low power consumption of 6.79 × 10−8 J per bit can be achieved. The current study provides a new prospective in understanding triplet excitons function in nonvolatile photomemory.

Introduction: Lots of research has revealed that vascular dementia (VD), which is closely related to the metabolic disorders of intestinal microbiota, can be treated through traditional Chinese drug by regulating the brain-gut-microbiome axis. However, the specific interaction between VD and intestinal microflora, as well as the mechanism of Wuzang Wenyang Huayu Tang (WWHT) in treating VD by regulating the brain-gut-microbiome axi remains unknown on the whole and needs to be further studied. Objectives: To explore the effect of WWHT on the learning and memory ability of rats with VD based on brain-gut-microbiome axis. Methods: In this study, taking the specific pathogen-free (SPF) SD rats as the subjects, a vascular dementia rat model was created by using the two-vessel occlusion model (2-VO). The subjects were divided into six groups, namely control group, sham group, VD model group, the piracetam group, the WWHT group, and the WWHT combined with piracetam (WCP) group. After 22 days of the gavage administration method, the Morris water maze experiment was adopted to determine the learning and memory abilities of each group through the water maze, observe the effects of hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy in the hippocampal area of each group, and analyze the relevant proteins in the whole brain by Western Blot (WB). In addition, the feces of each group were collected and analyzed by fecal metabolomics combined with 16S rRNA gene sequencing to explore the interaction between VD and intestinal microbiota. Results: Through Morris water maze experiment, it was found that the learning and memory ability of VD rats in WWHT, piracetam and WCP groups was improved. The morphology of hippocampal neuron cells were improved in the WWHT group and the number of hippocampal neuron cells were increased in the VD rats by HE. By observing the ultrastructure of hippocampal cells, it can be found that the VD model group showed cell membrane edema and large organelle lysis. The ultrastructure of the hippocampus of all the administered groups was improved. In terms of the effect on the expression levels of related proteins in the whole brain of rats, compared with the VD model group, the expression levels of Caspase-3 protein decreased in all groups after drug administration. The protein expression levels of APG5L/ATG5, Beclin-1 and LC3A/B were upregulated, indicating that the drug administration group could regulate cellular autophagy in the whole brain to further protect brain tissue. Fecal metabolite profiles revealed 27 different metabolites related to VD. These metabolites are mainly involved in related metabolic pathways, such as vitamin B metabolism, purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and histidine metabolism. Further analysis of the gut microbiota by 16S rRNA gene sequencing data showed that WWHT-treated VD rats were different in gut microbiota composition. Discussion: Through the effect of brain-gut-microbiome axis, WWHT regulates the metabolism of vitamin B6 and tryptophan in VD rats, which can improve the intestinal microbiota of VD rats and regulate autophagy in the brain to improve cell morphology in the hippocampus, thus increasing the number of hippocampal cells to protect hippocampal neuron cells2510100, and finally improving the learning and memory ability of VD rats.