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With the increase in the demand for large-capacity optical communication capacity, multi-core optical fiber (MCF) communication technology has developed, and both the types of MCFs and related devices have become increasingly mature. The application of MCFs in the field of sensing has also received more and more attention, among which MCF fiber Bragg grating (FBG) devices have received more and more attention and have been widely used in various fields. In this paper, the main writing methods of MCF FBGs and their sensing applications are reviewed. The future development of the MCF FBG is also prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparing China's 2006 and 2015 Africa policies, this article reveals how China's political discourse has become more confident, practical, and depoliticised. In particular, this paper shows how education is allocated, promised, and embedded in China's 'shared' agenda, which is centred on development co-operation and mutual learning. It then reflects on the extent to which China may move towards traditional donors. This paper concludes that, despite fragmented convergences in the discourse and an increased recognition of a Chinese model, China maintains its distinctive role and position in the post-2015 era.PuP

Regional landscape ecological risk (LER) assessment is of great significance for coordinating the relationship between land use and ecological environment, and for promoting the rational allocation of resources, and it is the basis and guarantee for achieving sustainable development. By assessing the landscape ecological risk of the Huaihe River ecological and economic zone, it can promote the development of ecological risk assessment theory, provide a scientific basis for the formulation of ecological civilization construction planning and policies, and help to strengthen environmental monitoring, planning and management, and promote the construction of ecological civilization. Based on the remote sensing image data of land use from 1985 to 2020, the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of land use and LER in the Anhui section of the Huaihe River Ecological and Economic Belt in China were explored. The results showed that: (1) The construction land showed an increasing trend, with an increased area of 4753.35 km2, whereas the cultivated land showed a negative growth trend, with a reduced area of 4487.58 km2. (2) During the past 35 years, the ecological risks in the research area showed a decreasing trend as a whole, with medium-low and medium-risk areas ranking as the main; medium-high and high-risk areas are mainly distributed on both sides of the Huaihe River and in the northern-central part of Suzhou City. (3) Moran's I values of LER in each period were showing significant spatial autocorrelation and tending to converge spatially. In the future, the ecological security pattern should be optimized for local high-risk deterioration areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnéli phases TinO2n − 1 are a series of sub-stoichiometric titanium oxides with a unique crystal structure, and Ti4O7 possesses the highest electronic conductivity while being able to maintain excellent chemical inertness in various corrosive environments, which is a required property for electrode materials in electrochemical systems. Therefore, Ti4O7 has become one of the major substitutes for carbon materials such as graphite and shows superior catalytic activity for electrode reactions and electrochemical stability in diverse batteries and electrochemical degradation systems, following the trend of carbon-free electrodes and costing less than the advanced electrodes such as boron-doped diamond. It has been demonstrated that Ti4O7 has great potential in the electrochemistry fields, especially as an electrode carrier. In this paper, we review the research progress of Ti4O7 as an electrode material in fuel cells, lithium-oxygen batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, lithium-ion batteries, wastewater treatment, etc., including advanced fabrication technology, theoretical research, and application performance. Meanwhile, the current problems and future research directions of Ti4O7 are also pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]