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Jatropha curcas is a species with a biodiesel production potential. The supply of elite planting material is critical due to traditional spread disadvantages. Plant tissue culture is an alternative to obtain quality plant material for planting. For these reasons, the objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of three phenological ages of petioles (1st, 2nd and 3rd node), and the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on explants viability of the INI-3 and INI-6 genotypes of J. curcas and the petioles morphogenetic expression of the INI-6 genotype in two culture media (Yasuda and MS) with different doses of TDZ, BA and AIB. The in vitro establishment evaluated the PVP of the INI-3 and INI-6 genotypes with a completely randomized design (CRD) in a 2x2 factorial arrangement and 90 repetitions per treatment. The evaluated variables were viability and callus presence; viability was assessed with the Chi-square test (X2) and the callus weight by an ANOVA. During the induction stage, two media culture added with TDZ, BA and AIB were evaluated in the INI-6 genotype due to their increased viability, in a DCA with a 2x2x2x3 factorial arrangement. Three replications, where the evaluated variable was the callus presence, using a logistic regression analysis (LRA). The results show that the viability is independent from the genotype, according to the X2 value (p=0.700), but dependent of the petiole type (p=0.019) and PVP addition (p = 0.001). The presence and callus production were influenced by the genotype expressed in the X2 and callus weight by an ANOVA. The induction stage showed that the AIB and TDZ are related to the callus presence based on the LRA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Entomologia is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Charcoal rot ( Macrophomina phaseolina) is a major disease of beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Mexico. The use of germplasm combining high-yield stability with resistance to drought and charcoal rot could reduce damage from this disease. In this study, we compared the Eberhart and Russell method and the Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model plus biplot analysis for measuring grain yield (GY) and charcoal rot resistance (CHRR) stabilities in 98 F8 : 10 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between bean adapted to the tropics (BAT) 477 (resistant) × Pinto UI-114 (susceptible). Experiments were conducted from 2007 to 2009 in Isla, Cotaxtla, Río Bravo and Díaz Ordaz, México, under irrigated or terminal drought conditions. anova detected significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in GY and CHRR among environments, genotypes and genotype × environment interactions (GEI). Most RILs showed good responses to unfavourable environments based on GY (48) and CHRR (40). AMMI anova s for both traits showed that all sources of variation in the model accounted for approximately 49% of the total squared sum. For the first principal component (PC1), we found 13 RILs that were stable for GY, and for the second (PC2), we found 9 that were stable for GI. For CHRR, we detected 14 stable RILs (PC1) and eight (PC2). Biplot analysis showed the largest vectors for Díaz Ordaz (irrigated and drought, 2008), where the highest and most variable GYs were detected. The shortest vectors were found in Isla (drought, 2007) and Río Bravo (irrigated and drought, 2008), where the lowest and least variable GY were found. We found differential responses of RILs to locations, years and soil humidity conditions as well as significant GEI based on GY and CHRR. The two methods were complementary, and both gave us information to select stable, high-yield germplasm associated with resistance to charcoal rot disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to determine if the introgression of exotic sorghum lines increases the variability in the size of the glume and in the percent of uncovered grains. The sorghum population NESC7 (P1) was formed during four agricultural cycles (2005-2007) with an introgression cycle, and beginning on the fifth agricultural cycle (2008), the genetic variability for these traits was estimated in the 120 half-silb and 110 self-sib families. The methodology of incomplete block design was used at two locations, the Faculty of Agronomy at the University of Nuevo Leon (FAUANL) in Marín Nuevo Leon and INIFAP in Río Bravo, Tamaulipas. The introgression of exotic lines with smaller glume size and reduced grain cover into the population NESC7 (P1) reduced the size of the (13%), increased the percentage of uncovered grain (28%), and increased the proportion of both characteristics in the additive variance (5% and 1%), the heritability in a narrow sense of 22 % and 1% and higher response to selection (4% y 0.3%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physiological responses of habanero pepper plants (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) to foliar applications of zinc sulphate and zinc nano-fertilizer were evaluated in greenhouse trials. The effect of the supplement on fruit quality of habanero pepper was particularly observed. Habanero pepper plants were grown to maturity, and during the main stages of phenological development, they were treated with foliar applications of Zn at concentrations of 1000 and 2000 mg L−1 in the form of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Additional Zn was not supplied to the control treatment plants. ZnO NPs at a concentration of 1000 mg L−1 positively affected plant height, stem diameter, and chlorophyll content, and increased fruit yield and biomass accumulation compared to control and ZnSO4 treatments. ZnO NPs at 2000 mg L−1 negatively affected plant growth but significantly increased fruit quality, capsaicin content by 19.3%, dihydrocapsaicin by 10.9%, and Scoville Heat Units by 16.4%. In addition, at 2000 ZnO NPs mg L−1 also increased content of total phenols and total flavonoids (soluble + bound) in fruits (14.50% and 26.9%, respectively), which resulted in higher antioxidant capacity in ABTS (2,2′azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) (15.4%, 31.8%, and 20.5%, respectively). These results indicate that application of ZnO NPs could be employed in habanero pepper production to improve yield, quality, and nutraceutical properties of fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (MP) is the most important disease that limits sorghum dryland production in northern Tamaulipas, Mexico. Grain yield losses caused by MP are approximately 30%. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of experimental and commercial hybrids to MP and identify MP tolerant progenitors. Experimental hybrids RB-118 x 435 and RB-27 x 437 showed MP tolerance and grain field similar to commercial checks Pioneer 82G63, Pioneer 84G62, RB-Patrón, Asgrow Z- 400, RB-3030, and DK-47, and greater than Asgrow-Ámbar. Progenitor females that produced tolerant MP hybrids were LRB-118 and R-27, and males Tx-435 and Tx-437. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]