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Effective keywords are extracted from the massive milk product user review data to construct thematic terms and explore the elemental influence relationships to assist manufacturers, and e-commerce platforms in understanding user behaviour and preferences and further optimise product design and marketing strategies. By fusing two different text mining methods, term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) and Word2vec, we explore the semantic relationships, then visualise the relevance of user reviews by drawing knowledge graphs with Neo4j, and finally, be able to explore the relationship between the themes of the mined reviews, interpretative structural model (ISM) was used for a comprehensive evaluation, and the effectiveness of the method was verified on the Suning.com website dataset. The fusion of text mining and systematic analysis helps users to locate products quickly and precisely from the huge review information. The six elements of user reviews were categorized as freshness of taste, discounted prices, logistics, customer repurchase, product packaging, nutritional composition, and their element levels were divided into three layers. the first layer was discounted prices, customer repurchase, and logistics; the second layer was product packaging and nutritional composition; and the third layer was taste freshness.

Abstract Craniopharyngioma (CP) is an intracranial tumor with high mortality and morbidity. Though biologically benign, CP will damage the hypothalamus, inducing comorbidities such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cognitive impairments. The roles of gut microbiome and serum metabolome in CP‐associated hypothalamic comorbidities are aimed to be explored. Patients with CP are characterized by increased Shannon diversity, Eubacterium, Clostridium, and Roseburia, alongside decreased Alistipes and Bacteroides. CP‐enriched taxa are positively correlated with dyslipidemia and cognitive decline, while CP‐depleted taxa are negatively associated with fatty liver. Subsequent serum metabolomics identified notably up‐regulated purine metabolism, and integrative analysis indicated an association between altered microbiota and elevated hypoxanthine. Phenotypic study and multi‐omics analysis in the Rax‐CreERT2::BrafV600E/+::PtenFlox/+ mouse model validated potential involvement of increased Clostridium and dysregulated purine metabolism in hypothalamic comorbidities. To further consolidate this, intervention experiments are performed and it is found that hypoxanthine co‐variated with the severity of hypothalamic comorbidities and abundance of Clostridium, and induced dysregulated purine metabolism along with redox imbalance in target organs (liver and brain cortex). Overall, the study demonstrated the potential of increased Clostridium and up‐regulated purine metabolism as signatures of CP‐associated hypothalamic‐comorbidities, and unveiled that elevated Clostridium, dysregulated purine metabolism, and redox imbalance may mediate the development and progression of CP‐associated hypothalamic‐comorbidities.

ObjectivesThis study evaluated the prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for survival outcomes in bladder cancer patients treated with radical cystectomy.MethodsStudies assessing NLR’s prognostic significance for bladder cancer after radical cystectomy were identified from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases until April 2024. Survival outcomes analyzed included overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), relapse-free survival (RFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and progression-free survival (PFS).ResultsThe meta-analysis comprised 15 cohort studies with 8,448 patients. Multivariate analysis showed significantly shorter OS, CSS, DFS, and RFS in the high NLR group compared to the low NLR group. However, no significant difference in PFS was observed between the groups.ConclusionsNLR serves as an independent prognostic indicator for bladder cancer patients undergoing radical cystectomy, with elevated NLR associated with poorer survival. Further large-scale, prospective studies are warranted to validate the relationship between NLR and prognosis in bladder cancer.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42024549573.

Abstract Cloud removal algorithm is a crucial step of remote sensing image preprocessing. The current mainstream remote sensing image cloud removal algorithms are implemented based on deep learning, and most of them are supervised. A large number of data pairs are required for training to achieve cloud removal. However, real with/without cloud image pairs datasets are difficult to obtain in the real world, and the models obtained by training on synthetic datasets often need to generalize better to natural scenes. And the existing unsupervised thin cloud removal methods based on Cycle‐GAN framework with considerable model complexity and unstable training are not an excellent solution to the problem of lack of paired datasets. Based on this, in this paper, the authors propose an unsupervised remote sensing image thin cloud removal method based on contrastive learning—GAN‐UD. It is a network consisting of a frequency‐spatial attention generator and a discriminator. In addition, the authors introduce local contrastive loss and global content loss to constrain the content of the generated images to ensure that the generated cloud‐free images are consistent with the input cloud images in terms of image content. Experimental results show that the proposed method in this paper can still effectively remove thin clouds from remote sensing images without paired training datasets, outperforms current unsupervised cloud removal methods, and achieves comparable performance to supervised methods.

Chemistry research is presented describing the study of phosphodiestrase active site to prove the evidence of a hydroxide ion catalyst.

Abstract An understanding of the mechanisms regulating embryonic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development would facilitate their regeneration. The aorta-gonad-mesonephros region is the site for HSC production from hemogenic endothelial cells (HEC). While several distinct regulators are involved in this process, it is not yet known whether macroautophagy (autophagy) plays a role in hematopoiesis in the pre-liver stage. Here, we show that different states of autophagy exist in hematopoietic precursors and correlate with hematopoietic potential based on the LC3-RFP-EGFP mouse model. Deficiency of autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5) specifically in endothelial cells disrupts endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT), by blocking the autophagic process. Using combined approaches, including single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), we have confirmed that Atg5 deletion interrupts developmental temporal order of EHT to further affect the pre-HSC I maturation, and that autophagy influences hemogenic potential of HEC and the formation of pre-HSC I likely via the nucleolin pathway. These findings demonstrate a role for autophagy in the formation/maturation of hematopoietic precursors.

Abstract Objective To evaluate whether quantification of lung GGN shape is useful in predicting pathological categorization of lung adenocarcinoma and guiding the clinic. Methods 98 patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma were pathologically confirmed and CT was performed preoperatively, and all lesions were pathologically ≤ 30 mm in size. On CT images, we measured the maximum area of the lesion’s cross-section (MA). The longest diameter of the tumor (LD) was marked with points A and B, and the perpendicular diameter (PD) was marked with points C and D, which was the longest diameter perpendicular to AB. and D, which was the longest diameter perpendicular to AB. We took angles A and B as big angle A (BiA) and small angle A (SmA). We measured the MA, LD, and PD, and for analysis we derived the LD/PD ratio and the BiA/SmA ratio. The data were analysed using the chi-square test, t-test, ROC analysis, and binary logistic regression analysis. Results Precursor glandular lesions (PGL) and microinvasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) were distinguished from invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) by the BiA/SmA ratio and LD, two independent factors (p = 0.007, p = 0.018). Lung adenocarcinoma pathological categorization was indicated by the BiA/SmA ratio of 1.35 and the LD of 11.56 mm with sensitivity of 81.36% and 71.79%, respectively; specificity of 71.79% and 74.36%, respectively; and AUC of 0.8357 (95% CI: 0.7558–0.9157, p

Abstract Background Dysbacteriosis of intestinal tract may cause systemic inflammation, making distant anatomical locations more susceptible to illness. Recent research has demonstrated that the microbiome can affect both prostatitis and the inflammation of the prostate that is linked to prostate cancer. It is still unclear, though, whether this relationship indicates causation. We conducted a Mendelian randomization investigation on two samples to fully uncover gut microbiota’s potential genetic causal role in prostatitis. Method Prostatitis (1859 prostatitis cases and 72,799 controls) was utilized as the outcome, while SNPs highly linked with 196 microbial taxa (18 340 people) were chosen as instrumental factors. Random effects, inverse variance weighting, weighted medians, and MR-Egger were used to analyze causal effects. The Cochran’s Q test, funnel plot, leave-one-out analysis, and MR-Egger intercept test were all used in the sensitivity analysis. Results A causal effect in lowering the incidence of prostatitis is anticipated for five gut microorganisms (Methanobacteria, Methanobacteriaceae, Erysipelatoclostridium, Parasutterella, and Slackia; P

Nonlinear finite-element analyses have been carried out to assess the effects of different trench backfill materials, pipe burial depths, and pipe materials on the amount of traffic load transferred to buried pipe. The analyses show that the use of trench backfills such as controlled low strength material (CLSM) instead of traditional materials such as sand and clay, results in significantly reduced stresses in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe under traffic loading. This finding is in agreement with recent track load tests carried out in the City of Edmonton, where strains were monitored on buried PVC water mains. The protection of buried pipes under or in CLSM backfill from traffic loading becomes more significant with the decrease in pipe burial depth and stiffness. The reasons behind the difference in load transfer between the traditional backfills and CLSM are the high elastic modulus and strength of CLSM, as well as uniform load transfer along the longitudinal axis of the pipe.

A method is proposed to calculate pack ice driving forces. In order to develop the method, stress distributions in a circular ice floe are calculated for various boundary loading conditions. The analysis is carried out using a special-purpose finite element program in which Sinha's creep equation is used to model the behavior of ice. Charts relating pack ice driving forces to stresses in the ice floe are produced for both linear elastic and creep equations for ice behavior. The results indicate that, for a short period of loading time and at low stress levels, a linear elastic analysis can be used to calculate the pack ice driving forces. However, when the Stress levels in the ice floe are high or the time span of load application is long, linear and nonlinear analyses produce much different values for pack ice driving forces.

Abstract Audio‐visual wake word spotting is a challenging multi‐modal task that exploits visual information of lip motion patterns to supplement acoustic speech to improve overall detection performance. However, most audio‐visual wake word spotting models are only suitable for simple single‐speaker scenarios and require high computational complexity. Further development is hindered by complex multi‐person scenarios and computational limitations in mobile environments. In this paper, a novel audio‐visual model is proposed for on‐device multi‐person wake word spotting. Firstly, an attention‐based audio‐visual voice activity detection module is presented, which generates an attention score matrix of audio and visual representations to derive active speaker representation. Secondly, the knowledge distillation method is introduced to transfer knowledge from the large model to the on‐device model to control the size of our model. Moreover, a new audio‐visual dataset, PKU‐KWS, is collected for sentence‐level multi‐person wake word spotting. Experimental results on the PKU‐KWS dataset show that this approach outperforms the previous state‐of‐the‐art methods.

The grid-forming （GFM） control technology is instrumental in enabling converters to provide frequency and voltage support response akin to synchronous generators， thus bolstering the stability of the new power system. Nonetheless， a notable challenge lies in delivering grid support during fault current limiting. To this end， a strategy for fault current limiting in GFM converters based on measuring terminal and internal differential voltage orientation is proposed. In this approach， the angles of the positive and negative sequence current commands lag 90° behind the positive and negative sequence voltage differences. Additionally， the maximum magnitude of the synthesized vector of the current commands aligns with the converter’s overcurrent capability， which is equivalent to the generation of positive and negative sequence adaptive virtual inductance by control， respectively. This method obviates the need for direct virtual inductance value calculations and can maximize the maximum support capacity of the converter to realize the fault current characteristics resembling those of synchronous generators. The proposed fault current limiting strategy is validated by a simulation system built through PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation outcomes affirm the strategy’s efficacy in delivering substantial grid support to the AC system while limiting fault currents.

The growing demand for lightweight materials in the automotive and aerospace industries has driven research on joining dissimilar lightweight alloys, particularly Al and Mg alloys (Al/Mg). Friction stir welding (FSW) is a promising technique for joining Al/Mg alloys, as it works below the base metal's melting temperature, leading to refined microstructures, reduced porosity, and enhanced productivity. The strength of Al/Mg friction stir weldment depends on the evolved interface, which is primarily characterized by micromechanical interlocks, type, and intermetallic compounds (IMCs) distribution. Different interfaces for butt joints have been discussed in the literature. However, the mechanism of interfacial interaction together with the ways to enhance the interface have not been reviewed yet. This review article fills the gap by analyzing the retrospective data for process parameters and mechanical properties. Joining mechanisms and the evolution of different interfaces at the microstructural level have been discussed. Lastly, ways to enhance the interface for improved mechanical properties are explained. By offering essential insights into FSW techniques and Al/Mg weld interfaces, this review article paves the way for developing FSW procedures for Al/Mg butt welds aiming for enhanced strength and performance. This review article is expected to be of interest to researchers and engineers working in the field of FSW, particularly for Al/Mg lightweight applications. It provides an overview of the current state of knowledge and identifies key areas for future research.

ABSTRACT A novel circularly polarised (CP) antenna design, termed differential mode (DM) and common mode (CM) design, is presented with equal‐amplitude in‐phase feed (EAIPF) in this article. At first, the CM and DM of the antenna are excited separately using the dual ports. Then, the CP antenna is obtained with EAIPF by adjusting the radiation amplitude of CM and DM, due to the orthogonality with a 90° phase difference for CM and DM. Finally, the obtained operational bandwidth of the presented antenna is 1.75–2.30 GHz (27.1%), with a reflection coefficient

Abstract Whether the alternated microbiota in the gut contribute to the risk of allograft rejection (AR) and pulmonary infection (PI) in the setting of lung transplant recipients (LTRs) remains unexplored. A prospective multicenter cohort of LTRs was identified in the four lung transplant centers. Paired fecal and serum specimens were collected and divided into AR, PI, and event-free (EF) groups according to the diagnosis at sampling. Fecal samples were determined by metagenomic sequencing. And metabolites and cytokines were detected in the paired serum to analyze the potential effect of the altered microbiota community. In total, we analyzed 146 paired samples (AR = 25, PI = 43, and EF = 78). Notably, we found that the gut microbiome of AR followed a major depletion pattern with decreased 487 species and compositional diversity. Further multi-omics analysis showed depleted serum metabolites and increased inflammatory cytokines in AR and PI. Bacteroides uniformis, which declined in AR (2.4% vs 0.6%) and was negatively associated with serum IL-1β and IL-12, was identified as a driven specie in the network of gut microbiome of EF. Functionally, the EF specimens were abundant in probiotics related to mannose and cationic antimicrobial peptide metabolism. Furthermore, a support-vector machine classifier based on microbiome, metabolome, and clinical parameters highly predicted AR (AUPRC = 0.801) and PI (AUPRC = 0.855), whereby the microbiome dataset showed a particularly high diagnostic power. In conclusion, a disruptive gut microbiota showed a significant association with allograft rejection and infection and with systemic cytokines and metabolites in LTRs.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of three-port laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy(LSG). Methods Clinical data of 130 patients with obesity who underwent LSG from April 2020 to January 2021 and completed follow-up in time were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were divided into two groups as surgical method, there were 52 cases in three-port group and 78 cases in four-port group. Perioperative indicators and improvement of obesity in two groups were compared. Results All procedures were performed via LSG. Compared with four-port group, the mean operative time of three-port group was shorter [(88.35±22.64) min vs. (98.29±26.25) min, P=0.027]. There were no significant differences in amount of bleeding intraoperative, postoperative pain, postoperative drainage, hospital stay after operation, postoperative complication rate and weight loss 6 months and 2 years after surgery (P>0.05). Conclusions Under the premise of no increase in surgical complications and operative time, three-port LSG can reduce the number and size of surgical scars, which is conducive to skin beauty, and obtain the same weight loss effect as four-port LSG, and can be used as a routine operation for sleeve gastrectomy.