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Among modern industrial hydrogen production technologies, methane reforming for hydrogen production has unique advantages in rich reactant sources and high availability, especially dry reforming of methane (DRM) technology, which uses methane and carbon dioxide as raw materials and has both environmental and economic benefits. Carbon deposition on catalyst is one of the main problems affecting the development of DRM technology. To design high-performance catalysts, current research mainly focuses on the active components, supports, and promoters. This article discusses in detail the effects of interaction between active components and supports, active metal particle size, basicity, oxygen storage capacity, and carbon deposition type on the carbon deposition resistance of DRM catalysts. The results indicate that strong interactions between active metals and supports, synergistic effects of bimetallic catalysts, and smaller active metal particles can reduce carbon deposition and improve catalyst activity. Increasing oxygen storage capacity can promote carbon removal. The type and amount of carbon deposition are closely related to the support material, and moderate support basicity can promote CO2 activation, thereby improving the carbon deposition resistance of the catalyst. This article provides a reference for the design and optimization of DRM catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the influence of the dual policies of sustainable economic development and the national dual-carbon target, the establishment of an environmental protection department for the treatment of heavily polluting industries is imminent, and the country has launched pollution control policies and regulations to restrict the emission rights of heavily polluting industries. Therefore, this paper focuses on whether the restriction of emission rights in key industries has reduced carbon emissions. To achieve this, this paper uses panel data of prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2019 and adopts a two-way fixed-effects DID model to systematically analyze the impact of the key pollution industry governance policies launched by the Ministry of Environmental Protection on CO2 emissions in 2017. And further analyze the role of variables such as green technology innovation patents and energy efficiency using this model, while parallel trend tests and placebo tests, and related policies are used to ensure the robustness of the regression results. This paper reveals that: (1) The heavy pollution industry governance policy implemented in 2017 can effectively reduce CO2 emissions in the cities of the treated group, and the effect is more significant in the year of policy implementation; (2) Green utility patents and energy-use efficiency are the effective mediating mechanisms to reduce CO2 emissions; (3) Over time, the effect of heavy pollution industry governance policy on CO2 emissions gradually decreases; (4) The reliability of the baseline regression results of this paper is proved by the use of parallel trend tests, placebo tests, and tests excluding the influence factors such as relevant policies in the same period. Therefore, the key polluting industries treatment policy launched by China's Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2017 under the recent dual-carbon policy development goals formulated by China, can effectively reduce carbon emissions; however, in the future economic development process, the government should give more consideration to the continuity of the policy impact and its coherence on economic development when implementing the policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF1R) is overexpressed in various malignant tumors, which relates to their transformation and recurrence. Craniopharyngioma is a benign tumor with malignant results, often accompanied by a severe inflammatory reaction. However, the relationship between IGF1R expression and the inflammatory response of craniopharyngioma is unclear. Methods: We enrolled 85 patients with adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) in a study to explore the relationship between IGF1R expression and clinical features of this disease. Results: Patients in the IGF1R high-expression group had a significantly higher incidence of hypopituitarism, higher recurrence rate, and lower progression-free survival. β-Catenin can further regulate expression of the stem cell marker, CD44, by regulating IGF1R. Using immunofluorescence, we found that tumor stem cell-like cells did not express phosphorylated (p)-ERK, although p-ERK activation was evident in the surrounding cells. Picropodophyllin, a specific inhibitor of IGF1R, increased the expression of p-ERK protein and decreased the transcription level of interleukin-6. Conclusions: High expression of IGF1R might promote inflammation of ACP, which might be an unfavorable factor for pituitary function and prognosis. The high expression of IGF1R in tumor stem cell-like cells might inhibit the expression of p-ERK and promote the generation of inflammatory factors. IGF1R plays a stemness maintenance role in ACP and regulates the production of inflammatory factors through a p-ERK pathway, which suggests that targeting IGF1R and p-ERK might provide a new direction for alleviating tumor inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial agglomeration is a major source of regional economic development and the main pattern enterprises employ after having developed to a certain stage. Industrial agglomeration also affects the emissions of air pollutants in production. Based on provincial panel data for China from 2006 to 2019, this paper introduces the full generalized least squares (FGLS) panel econometrics model. By considering spatial correlation, the potential endogenous problem has been controlled using the instrumental variable and the effects of the co-agglomeration of manufacturing and producer services on three major air pollutants, i.e., SO2, PM2.5, and NOx, have been empirically estimated. The empirical results show that: (1) The agglomeration of manufacturing increases the emission of PM2.5 in the air, while the agglomeration of producer services and the co-agglomeration of manufacturing and producer services reduce it. Moran correlation index test showed that SO2 and NOx had no significant spatial correlation. (2) The agglomeration of manufacturing, the agglomeration of producer services, and co-agglomeration exert the most significant effects on PM2.5 in the air in central and western China. This is probably because of the availability of basic natural resources in these areas. (3) The energy consumption structure mediates the effect of the agglomeration of manufacturing on PM2.5, and human capital mediates the effect of the agglomeration of producer services on PM2.5 emissions. Based on the results, policy suggestions to improve the atmospheric environment during the process of industrial agglomeration are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]