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Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have recently shown great prospects for their photocatalytic applications in solar-to-hydrogen conversion. Nevertheless, most of the COFs were synthesized as crystalline bulk powders, impeding the exposure of surface catalytically active sites. Developing a noninvasive and expedient route to exfoliate COFs in liquids still remains a great challenge. Herein, two typical 1,3,5-tri(thiophen-2-yl)benzene (TTB)-based COFs (one possesses non-donor–acceptor constitution, denoted as TTB-PB, while the other possesses donor–acceptor constitution, denoted as TTB-PT) were synthesized via Schiff-base condensation reactions. Subsequently, these bulk COFs were exfoliated via a facile electrochemical strategy in aqueous systems. The obtained exfoliated COFs can not only facilitate photo-triggered exciton dissociation but also afford more accessible active sites and enhanced hydrophilicity. Consequently, the exfoliated COFs exhibited much higher photocatalytic capabilities for H2 evolution from water in sharp contrast to their unexfoliated precursors. It is to be noted that the exfoliated donor–acceptor COFs achieved a maximum H2 evolution rate of 27.24 mmol h−1 g−1, which is superior to that of the exfoliated non-donor–acceptor COF (i.e., 9.86 mmol h−1 g−1), and also ranks at the top of the state-of-the-art thiophen-based COF photocatalysts in the literature. This work enriches the fabrication approach of COF exfoliation. Furthermore, utilizing the synergetic strategy of aqueous electrochemical exfoliation and suitable molecular design, TTB-based COFs demonstrate promising photocatalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polysaccharide was one of the considered major active ingredient in Polygonatum odoratum which was crucial for its quality evaluation. In this study, High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with chemometrics methods were performed to assess the quality of P. odoratum polysaccharide (POP) harvested from different locations. The methodology validation and similarity evaluation results showed that the analysis method was able to meet the requirement of fingerprint analysis, and 10 batches of POPs had a high degree of similarity based on the similarity values were greater than 0.960. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed that different regions POPs could be classified by clustering analysis based on their nuances. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the mannose (58.13%∼78.18%) and glucuronic acid (2.36%∼11.72%) could be selected as herb markers for the quality control of P. odoratum. In conclusion, a more quantitative quality control method was established, and could be applied to the identification and quality control of different P. odoratum and their products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a comprehensive analysis of genotypes and phenotypes in 23 Chinese patients with hemophilia B. It reports the identification of five novel variants and describes their potential pathogenicity. It highlights the connection between genotype and phenotype in hemophilia B, noting that the severity of the disease can vary even with the same variant. The distribution and characteristics of the novel variants, genotype-phenotype correlations, and the treatment of hemophilia B.

Context • Patients with bone-marrow injuries, such as spinal cord injuries (SCIs), usually have urinary dysfunction, changes to the urethra’s anatomical structure, and pathophysiological changes of the urinary system, which can lead to urodynamic changes. If a patient receives improper treatment, repeated infections of the urinary system can easily occur, causing hydronephrosis and damage to renal function. Objective • The study intended to explore the effects of catheter follow-up management for patients with SCIs on the function of the bladder and the urinary tract and on urinary tract infections (UTIs), selecting antibiotics reasonably according to a bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test. Design • The research team designed a randomized controlled trial. Setting • The study took place at the Hebei Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)-Western Medicine (WM) in Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China. Participants • Participants were 92 patients with SCIs who were treated at the hospital between January 2020 and December 2021. Intervention • The research team randomly divided participants into an intervention group (n = 45) and a control group (n = 47). The control group received routine treatment, while the intervention group received catheter follow-up management. Outcome Measures • At baseline and postintervention after six weeks of treatment, the research team: (1) examined participants’ bladder function, (2) examine urodynamic indexes including measurement of the maximum bladder volume, maximum urethral closure pressure, maximum urinary flow rate, and maximum detrusor pressure, and (3) assessed participants’ QoL using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire Abbreviated (WHOQOL-BREF). Results • Improvements in bladder function, urodynamic indexes, QoL, and UTIs occurred in both groups. The intervention group’s: (1) total effective rate for bladder function was 91.11%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (P = .022); (2) maximal bladder volume, urethral closure pressure, and urinary flow rate were 365.59 ± 54.43 ml, 81.19 ± 8.8 cmH2O, and 18.60 ± 2. 43 ml/s, respectively, and were significantly higher than those of the control group (all P = .000); (3) maximal detrusor pressure was 47.48 ± 5.64 cmH2O, which was significantly lower than that of the control group (p=0.000); (4) scores on the WHOQOL-BREF’s subdimensions and total score were significantly higher than those in the control group: psychological, 17.92 ± 1.55; physiological, 30.30 ± 1.82; independence, 22.43 ± 1.40; social relations, 16.82 ± 1.32; environment, 21.19 ± 1.85; and total score, 110.02 ±16.64 (all P = .000); (5) incidence of urinary tract infection was 17.78 which was significantly lower than that of the control group (P = .003). The distribution of bacterial species in the UTIs of the intervention and control groups wasn’t significantly different (P = .869). The two bacterial groups were Escherichia coli and Enterococcus. Drug sensitivity tests showed that the Escherichia coli were less susceptible to gentamicin, levofloxacin, and piperacillin than to ciprofloxacin, and the Enterococcus were less susceptible to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin than to piperacillin. Conclusions • For patients with SCIs, catheter follow-up management can be helpful in restoring the function of the bladder and urinary tract, can improve patients’ QoL, and reduce their rate of UTIs. Clinically, medical practitioners should select antibiotics reasonably according to a bacterial culture and drug-sensitivity test [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) provide a tunable platform for water electrolysis. However, it is difficult to perform explicitly structural characterization for COFs due to the uncontrollable polymerization via the solvothermal method, which hinders the clear‐cut exploration of the COFs' structure‐performance relationship in further applications. Here, the well‐defined conjugated reticular oligomers (CROs) are designed for the first time using an aqueous micellar strategy. The CROs have definite chemical structure and can be regarded as conjugated oligomers or defect‐free COFs segment. Using CROs and conducting polymer, three "muscle"‐biomimetic electrocatalysts are engineered for splitting water to H2 and O2. The self‐assembled "muscle"‐like structures guarantee fully exposed active sites, fast electron conduction and mass transfer (H2O/H2/O2). The "muscle"‐biomimetic poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)/CROs‐Ru exhibit superior electrochemical performance than the COFs‐Ru. In particular, the mass activity and turnover frequency (TOF) value of PEDOT/CROOH‐8‐Ru are ≈95 and 38 times that of the counterpart bulk Py‐COFOH. The theoretical calculation and the experimental results demonstrate that the CROs endow the electrocatalyst with an electron‐rich surface and enhance carrier mobility. The enhanced water electrolysis activity of CROs‐Ru can be attributed to the Schottky heterojunction suppressing the electron backflow, which facilitates the adsorption of hydrogen protons and hydroxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]