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Network‐wide short‐term passenger flow prediction is critical for the operation and management of metro systems. However, it is challenging due to the inherent non‐stationarity, nonlinearity, and spatial–temporal dependencies within passenger flow. To tackle these challenges, this paper introduces a hybrid model called multi‐scale dynamic propagation spatial–temporal network (MSDPSTN). Specifically, the model employs multivariate empirical mode decomposition to jointly decompose the multivariate passenger flow into multi‐scale intrinsic mode functions. Then, a set of dynamic graphs is developed to reveal the passenger propagation law in metro networks. Based on the representation, a deep learning model is proposed to achieve multistep passenger flow prediction, which employs the dynamic propagation graph attention network with long short‐term memory to extract the spatial–temporal dependencies. Extensive experiments conducted on a real‐world dataset from Chengdu, China, validate the superiority of the proposed model. Compared to state‐of‐the‐art baselines, MSDPSTN reduces the mean absolute error, root mean squared error, and mean absolute percentage error by at least 3.243%, 4.451%, and 4.139%, respectively. Further quantitative analyses confirm the effectiveness of the components in MSDPSTN. This paper contributes to addressing inherent features of passenger flow to enhance prediction performance, offering critical insights for decision‐makers in implementing real‐time operational strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the application prospects of a cascade catalytic system in biomedical analysis, it remains significant to develop a cascade catalytic system for one-step rapid colorimetric detection. Herein, PVP/NH2-MIL-101(Fe) possessing enhanced peroxidase (POD)-like activity was successfully synthesized by microwave-assisted and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) modification strategies. Then, PVP/NH2-MIL-101(Fe) and glucose oxidase (GOx) were covalently coupled via the bifunctional cross-linker glutaraldehyde, the GOx@PVP/NH2-MIL-101(Fe) with dual enzymatic functional activities (POD-like and GOx activities) was subsequently synthesized. GOx@PVP/NH2-MIL-101(Fe) had strong affinities for the substrates glucose, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine, and hydrogen peroxide. Based on this specific nanozyme GOx@PVP/NH2-MIL-101(Fe), a one-step colorimetric assay for rapid glucose determination was built. This detection method not only took 20 min to analyze but also possessed a linear range of 10–250 µM with a detection limit of 1.05 µM. Furthermore, the cascade catalytic system was applied to determine glucose concentrations in human serum samples. Compared with commercial blood glucose meters, the proposed method was also accurate and effective, making it a candidate method for determining blood glucose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to: (a) meta-analyze the effects of academic press (AP) on K-12 student achievement in aggregate and in each examined learning subject; (b) meta-analyze the effect of school leadership of different leadership styles on AP; and (c) examine whether school level, subjects, and leadership or AP measures moderate these above-mentioned effects. Research Methods/Approach: Standard meta-analysis techniques were used to review 79 quantitative studies in the past 30 years and examine the multiple relationships between school leadership, AP, and student learning mentioned above. Heterogeneity analyses were conducted to identify moderators. Publication bias in these analysis results was also examined. Findings: AP had a large effect on student achievement; school leadership had a close to large effect on AP. These effects varied with leadership or AP measures and across school levels and student learning subjects. Implications for Research and Practice: The findings point to the importance of school leaders to improve student achievement by improving the level of AP in schools, especially high schools, and in schools with many economically disadvantaged students. Principals need to exercise a wide range of practices to push for academic excellence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Digital histopathology provides valuable information for clinical decision-making. We hypothesized that a deep risk network (DeepRisk) based on digital pathology signature (DPS) derived from whole-slide images could improve the prognostic value of the tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) staging system and offer chemotherapeutic benefits for gastric cancer (GC). Methods: DeepRisk is a multi-scale, attention-based learning model developed on 1120 GCs in the Zhongshan dataset and validated with two external datasets. Then, we assessed its association with prognosis and treatment response. The multi-omics analysis and multiplex Immunohistochemistry were conducted to evaluate the potential pathogenesis and spatial immune contexture underlying DPS. Results: Multivariate analysis indicated that the DPS was an independent prognosticator with a better C-index (0.84 for overall survival and 0.71 for disease-free survival). Patients with low-DPS after neoadjuvant chemotherapy responded favorably to treatment. Spatial analysis indicated that exhausted immune clusters and increased infiltration of CD11b+CD11c+ immune cells were present at the invasive margin of high-DPS group. Multi-omics data from the Cancer Genome Atlas-Stomach adenocarcinoma (TCGA-STAD) hint at the relevance of DPS to myeloid derived suppressor cells infiltration and immune suppression. Conclusion: DeepRisk network is a reliable tool that enhances prognostic value of TNM staging and aid in precise treatment, providing insights into the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RNA silencing plays an important role in plant antiviral responses, which trigger the production of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs). The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis revealed a unique mechanism in which circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can interact with small RNAs to regulate the expression of corresponding target mRNAs. Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) infection causes severe economic losses in maize (Zea mays L.) production worldwide. This study compared and analyzed characteristics of vsiRNAs derived from SCMV and their target genes in resistant (Chang7-2) and susceptible (Mo17) maize inbred lines through whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing and degradome sequencing. The results showed that 706 transcripts were targeted by 204 vsiRNAs, including 784 vsiRNA-target gene pairs. Furthermore, ceRNA networks of circRNA/lncRNA-vsiRNA-mRNA in response of maize to SCMV infection were obtained, including 3 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs, 36 DElncRNAs, 105 vsiRNAs, and 342 DEmRNAs in Mo17 plants, and 3 DEcircRNAs, 35 DElncRNAs, 23 vsiRNAs, and 87 DEmRNAs in Chang7-2 plants. Our results also showed that the transcripts of ZmDCLs, ZmAGOs, and ZmRDRs were differentially accumulated in resistant and susceptible maize inbred lines after SCMV infection. These findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between SCMV-derived vsiRNAs and potential ceRNAs fine-tuning the SCMV-maize interaction and offer novel clues to reveal the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of SCMV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to extensive introduction and breeding, the taxonomic relationships of Lonicera L. are unclear. Alternative scientific methods are needed to explore the classification of these new Lonicera. In this paper, the pollen morphology characteristics, karyotype features, and floral and fruit pigment components of 13 taxa of Lonicera were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy, karyotype analysis, High Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The 13 representatives of Lonicera were divided into groups of four, three, three and three taxa through the analysis of pollen morphology characteristics, karyotype features, floral composition and fruit pigment composition, respectively. Lonicera ruprechtiana and Lonicera tatarica always clustered together. Five hybrids, including Lonicera korolkow × Lonicera maackii and Lonicera korolkow × Lonicera tatarica No. 8 can generally be clustered with their parents. These results indicate that the analysis of pollen morphology characteristics, karyotype features, and floral and fruit pigment composition has value and significance for the study of systematic classification and relationships, and the conclusions of this study partially support morphological taxonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Question: Can whole genome sequencing (WGS) offer a relatively cost-effective approach for embryonic genome-wide haplotyping and preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) for monogenic disorders (PGT-M), aneuploidy (PGT-A) and structural rearrangements (PGT-SR)?Summary Answer: Reliable genome-wide haplotyping, PGT-M, PGT-A and PGT-SR could be performed by WGS with 10× depth of parental and 4× depth of embryonic sequencing data.What Is Known Already: Reduced representation genome sequencing with a genome-wide next-generation sequencing haplarithmisis-based solution has been verified as a generic approach for automated haplotyping and comprehensive PGT. Several low-depth massively parallel sequencing (MPS)-based methods for haplotyping and comprehensive PGT have been developed. However, an additional family member, such as a sibling, or a proband, is required for PGT-M haplotyping using low-depth MPS methods.Study Design, Size, Duration: In this study, 10 families that had undergone traditional IVF-PGT and 53 embryos, including 13 embryos from two PGT-SR families and 40 embryos from eight PGT-M families, were included to evaluate a WGS-based method. There were 24 blastomeres and 29 blastocysts in total. All embryos were used for PGT-A. Karyomapping validated the WGS results. Clinical outcomes of the 10 families were evaluated.Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: A blastomere or a few trophectoderm cells from the blastocyst were biopsied, and multiple displacement amplification (MDA) was performed. MDA DNA and bulk DNA of family members were used for library construction. Libraries were sequenced, and data analysis, including haplotype inheritance deduction for PGT-M and PGT-SR and read-count analysis for PGT-A, was performed using an in-house pipeline. Haplotyping with a proband and parent-only haplotyping without additional family members were performed to assess the WGS methodology. Concordance analysis between the WGS results and traditional PGT methods was performed.Main Results and the Role Of Chance: For the 40 PGT-M and 53 PGT-A embryos, 100% concordance between the WGS and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array results was observed, regardless of whether additional family members or a proband was included for PGT-M haplotyping. For the 13 embryos from the two PGT-SR families, the embryonic balanced translocation was detected and 100% concordance between WGS and MicroSeq with PCR-seq was demonstrated.Limitations, Reasons For Caution: The number of samples in this study was limited. In some cases, the reference embryo for PGT-M or PGT-SR parent-only haplotyping was not available owing to failed direct genotyping.Wider Implications Of the Findings: WGS-based PGT-A, PGT-M and PGT-SR offered a comprehensive PGT approach for haplotyping without the requirement for additional family members. It provided an improved complementary method to PGT methodologies, such as low-depth MPS- and SNP array-based methods.Study Funding/competing Interest(s): This research was supported by the research grant from the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC0910201 and 2018YFC1004900), the Guangdong province science and technology project of China (2019B020226001), the Shenzhen Birth Defect Screening Project Lab (JZF No. [2016] 750) and the Shenzhen Municipal Government of China (JCYJ20170412152854656). This work was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81771638, 81901495 and 81971344), the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1004901 and 2016YFC0905103), the Shanghai Sailing Program (18YF1424800), the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology Program (15411964000) and the Shanghai 'Rising Stars of Medical Talent' Youth Development Program Clinical Laboratory Practitioners Program (201972). The authors declare no competing interests.Trial Registration Number: N/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the microstructure and mechanical properties that distribute regulation along the rolling direction of tailor rolled blanks (TRB) were investigated. A tensile specimen with equal probability in yield (EYS) was first designed considering variation both in thickness and in material strength. The uniaxial tension test was carried out with a digital image correlation method to analyze the mechanical behaviors. The results showed that the strain distribution of EYS was homogeneous. From the results, it can be known that a new design philosophy for a TRB tensile specimen is reasonable and EYS is suitable to characterize the mechanical behavior of TRB. The true stress-strain curves of metal in different cross sections of TRB were calculated. On the basis of the true stress-strain curves, a material model of TRB was constructed and then implemented into finite element simulations of TRB uniaxial tensile tests. The strain distribution of numerical and experimental results was similar and the error between the elongation of the specimen after fracture obtained by experiment and FE ranged from 9.51% to 13.06%. Therefore, the simulation results match well with the experimental results and the material model has high accuracy and as well as practicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the temperature and pressure structural stability of 5 nm BaTiO3 particles by using high resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction, high pressure Raman spectroscopy, and high pressure impedance technique. A coexistence of the tetragonal and orthorhombic phases is observed in 5 nm Barium titanate BaTiO3 particles with weight fractions 67(6.6)% and 33(8.0)% at ambient condition, respectively. In the temperature range from -123 °C to 177 °C, the phase boundaries of 5 nm BaTiO3 are diffusive and several phases coexist. Pressure dependent Raman spectra of 5 nm BaTiO3 indicates that there exist two phase transitions: the first is at 7.5 GPa when the coexisting phases of orthorhombic and tetragonal undergoes transition to tetragonal phase; the second is around 17.3 GPa when the tetragonal transforms to cubic phase. Observed transitions were confirmed by the high pressure impedance property measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The augmented cube A Q n is a variation of the hypercube Q n . This paper considers the fault-tolerant Panconnectivity of A Q n . Assume that F ⊆ V (A Q n) ∪ E (A Q n) and n ≥ 4. We prove that for any two fault-free vertices u and v with distance d in A Q n , there exists a fault-free path P u v of each length from max { d + 2 , 4 } to 2 n − f v − 1 in A Q n − F if | F | ≤ 2 n − 4 , where f v is the number of faulty vertices in A Q n . Moreover, the bound is sharp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HDAC3 is an essential negative regulator of neuronal plasticity and memory formation. Although a chemical inhibitor has been invented, little is known about its endogenous modulators. We explored whether miR-494 affects HDAC3-mediated neuronal injury following acute ischemic stroke. A substantial increase in plasma miR-494 was detected in AIS patients and was positively associated with the mRS at one year after symptom onset. The miR-494 levels were transiently increased in the infarcted brain tissue of mice. In contrast, miR-494 levels were reduced in neurons but increased in the medium after OGD. Intracerebroventricular injection of miR-494 agomir reduced neuronal apoptosis and infarct volume at the acute stage of MCAO, promoted axonal plasticity and long-term outcomes at the recovery stage, suppressed neuronal ataxin-3 and HDAC3 expression and increased acetyl-H3K9 levels in the ipsilateral hemisphere. In vitro studies confirmed that miR-494 posttranslationally inhibited HDAC3 in neurons and prevented OGD-induced neuronal axonal injury. The HDAC3 inhibitor increased acetyl-H3K9 levels and reversed miR-494 antagomir-aggravated acute cerebral ischemic injury, as well as brain atrophy and long-term functional recovery. These results suggest that miR-494 may serve as a predictive biomarker of functional outcomes in AIS patients and a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buses represent the main mode for intercity passenger transportation in China. In recent years, a multichannel ticketing strategy has been widely employed in the bus passenger transportation industry. However, the mechanisms and key drivers of the channels through which bus passengers purchase tickets are underexplored. Thus, the aim of this study is to empirically apply an integrated choice and latent variable (ICLV) approach to analyze ticketing channel choice behavior and the heterogeneous preferences of bus passengers. The variables incorporated in the model include the socioeconomic characteristics of passengers, trip attributes, and latent attitudes with 12 ordinal indicators. Based on the data of 1800 participants collected from the city of Beijing, China, this study develops a ticketing channel choice ICLV model merging a discrete choice model with a structural equation model. The key factors that affect the channel preference are further discussed through a comparison with a conventional multinomial logit (MNL) model. The results reveal that the three attitudinal variables have a significant influence on ticketing channel choice. Furthermore, this study indicates that perceptual differences exist due to various socioeconomic and trip characteristics. Personal privacy is a major obstacle that prevents passengers from choosing online channels, especially for older passengers and those with lower education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Self-supervised sparse constraint network (SSCNet) with one measured phase. • No perturbation hypothesis and no image segmentation for fitting. • Fast, accurate, and stable aberration compensation in various samples. • Adaptive compensation of dynamic aberration. Phase aberration compensation is of great significance for the quantitative phase imaging in digital holographic microscopy. Least-square-based fitting algorithms are the most common options except for the double exposure method. However, they either require perturbation hypothesis, image segmentation, or an extra object-free hologram, leading to additional efforts for aberration elimination. In addition, supervised learning-based networks are mostly applied to create object-free masks automatically, but suffer from laborious label preparation and limited generalization capability. In this study, we propose a self-supervised sparse constraint network (SSCNet) for aberration compensation without the perturbation hypothesis, as well as an additional label or mask. Zernike model enhancement and sparse constraints are introduced for fitting aberration with only a single measured hologram. Simulation and experiment demonstrate that our proposed SSCNet can accurately compensate the phase aberration without object-free masks, and is more stable than other algorithms. It can be generalized to other samples with high accuracy and little time requirement. Moreover, SSCNet has advantage in the adaptive compensation of dynamic aberration in continuous measurement. Finally, it is an effective and practical fitting algorithm for phase aberration compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Ti4+-functionalized magnetic covalent organic framework material with flexible branched polymers (mCOF@ε-PL@THBA-Ti4+) built via an immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) enrichment strategy was proposed through post-synthesis modification. Hydrophilic ε-poly- L -lysine (ε-PL) rich in amino active groups was first introduced in the fabrication of the phosphopeptide enrichment material to increase the hydrophilicity while providing more functional modification pathways of the material. 2,3,4-Trihydroxy-benzaldehyde (THBA) provides abundant binding sites for the immobilization of numerous Ti4+, which is advantageous for the subsequent efficient phosphopeptide enrichment. The magnetic nanocomposite exhibited outstanding performance of phosphopeptide enrichment with good selectivity (1 : 5000), a low detection limit (2 fmol), and relatively high loading capacity (66.7 mg g−1). What's more, after treatment with mCOF@ε-PL@THBA-Ti4+, 16 endogenous phosphopeptides from fresh saliva of healthy people were recognized by MALDI-TOF MS, and 50 phosphopeptides belonging to 35 phosphoproteins from the serum of uremia patients were detected by nano-LC-MS/MS. Proteomics data analysis for the differential protein selection between uremia and normal controls was conducted using R software, and four down-regulated and three up-regulated proteins were obtained. The results suggested that the prepared material has potential applications in biomarker discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer, and its incidence rate is rapidly growing. It is necessary to understand the pathogenesis of PTC to develop effective diagnosis methods. Promoter methylation has been recognized to contribute to the alterations in gene expression observed in tumorigenesis. Our RNA-seq data identified 1191 differentially expressed mRNAs and 147 differentially expressed lncRNAs in PTC. Next, promoter methylation of these genes was detected by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) technology and comprehensively analyzed to identify differential methylation. In total, 14 genes (13 mRNAs and 1 lncRNA), in which methylation was intimately involved in regulating gene expression, were proposed as novel diagnostic biomarkers. To gain insights into the relationships among these 14 genes, a core co-function network was constructed based on co-expression, co-function and co-methylation data. Notably, CXCL12 was identified as an essential gene in the network that was closely connected with the other genes. These data suggested that CXCL12 down-regulation in PTC may be caused by promoter hypermethylation. Our study was the first to perform an RRBS analysis for PTC and suggested that CXCL12 may contribute to PTC development by methylation-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A general multi-scale strategy is presented for modeling the mechanical environment of a group of neurons that were embedded within a collagenous matrix. The results of the multi-scale simulation are used to estimate the local strains that arise in neurons when the extracellular matrix is deformed. The distribution of local strains was found to depend strongly on the configuration of the embedded neurons relative to the loading direction, reflecting the anisotropic mechanical behavior of the neurons. More importantly, the applied strain on the surrounding extracellular matrix is amplified in the neurons for all loading configurations that are considered. In the most severe case, the applied strain is amplified by at least a factor of 2 in 10% of the neurons' volume. The approach presented in this paper provides an extension to the capability of past methods by enabling the realistic representation of complex cell geometry into a multi-scale framework. The simulation results for the embedded neurons provide local strain information that is not accessible by current experimental techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recovery of critical metals from spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is important to sustainable development and environment protection. In this paper, sec‐octylphenoxyacetic acid (CA‐12) was first used to recover valuable metals in LIBs. The effects of phase modifier, initial feed pH, extraction kinetics and thermodynamics, CA‐12 concentration and saponification degree were studied and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, 99 % of nickel, cobalt and manganese were co‐extracted to the organic phase, and the loss of lithium was 7 %. The extracted metal ions could be stripped with 0.04 mol/L HCl equivalently. In the spent LIBs powder leaching experiment, leaching efficiencies of all components were greater than 95 %. In the impurity removal stage, extractant N902 was used to remove copper, while iron and aluminum were eliminated by hydrolysis. After two‐stage extraction, the total extraction efficiencies of nickel, cobalt and manganese reached 99.7 %, 99.4 %, 98.45 %, respectively. Finally, lithium in the raffinate was precipitated by saturated Na2CO3, the purity of recovered Li2CO3 was up to 97.7 %. After 5 times cycles, CA‐12 still maintained excellent extraction capacity, showing its potential application prospects for recovering critical metals form spent LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infection causes acute enteritis in swine of all ages, and especially in suckling piglets. Small intestinal inflammation is considered a central event in the pathogenesis of TGEV infections, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a key transcription factor in the inflammatory response. However, it is unclear whether NF-κB is crucial for inducing inflammation during a TGEV infection. Our results show that NF-κB was activated in swine testicular (ST) cells and intestinal epithelial cell lines J2 (IPEC-J2) cells infected with TGEV, which is consistent with the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Treatment of TGEV-infected ST cells and IPEC-J2 cells with the NF-κB-specific inhibitor caused the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, but did not significantly affect TGEV replication. Individual TGEV protein screening results demonstrated that Nsp2 exhibited a high potential for activating NF-κB and enhancing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Functional domain analyzes indicated that the first 120 amino acid residues of Nsp2 were essential for NF-κB activation. Taken together, these data suggested that NF-κB activation was a major contributor to TGEV infection-induced inflammation, and that Nsp2 was the key viral protein involved in the regulation of inflammation, with amino acids 1-120 playing a critical role in activating NF-κB. Abbreviations: TCID50: 50% tissue culture infectious dose; DMEM: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium; eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase; FBS: fetal bovine serum; IFA: Indirect immunofluorescence; IκB: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B; IL: interleukin; IPEC-J2: intestinal epithelial cell lines J2; IKK: IκB kinase; Luc: luciferase reporter gene; mAbs: monoclonal antibodies; MOI: multiple of infection; Nsp: nonstructural protein; NF-κB: nuclear factor-kappa ; ORFs: open reading frames; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; p65 p-p65: phosphorylated; RT-PCR: reverse transcription PC; SeV: Sendai virus; ST: swine testicular; TGEV: Transmissible gastroenteritis virus; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α; UV-TGEV: Ultraviolet light-inactivated TGEV; ZnF: zinc finger [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rectangular steel tube concrete bundle wind turbine towers is a new type of tower structure with high prefabrication, convenient installation, convenient transportation and good integrity.Based on the uniaxial tensile test and fatigue loading test of the double cover plate through-core bolted joint, the stress condition of the key connection parts of the structure is analyzed, the S-N curve of the joint under parameter expansion is summarized, and the Weibull distribution test is carried out for the fatigue life of the concrete inside the joint. Finally, the fatigue damage of the joint are analyzed. The results show that the failure mode of the double cover plate through-core bolted joint under fatigue loading is bolt shear; Through S-N curve fitting, the S-N curve expression and fatigue limit value of different types of joints are obtained. It is found that under the shear failure mode, the fatigue limit of different types of joints is higher than the limit value specified in GB50017–2017, EC3 and AISC-360; The fatigue life of concrete at different loading factors conforms to the two parameter Weibull distribution.The damage analysis of the joint through the high cycle fatigue damage model shows that the trend of a sharp increase in the damage rate of the joints in the late loading period can better explain the phenomenon of instantaneous fracture. The research results of this paper can provide reference for the analysis, research and application of wind turbine towers. • First, we propose a structural form of rectangular concrete-filled steel tube bundle wind turbine towers. • Secondly, the experiment and simulation analysis are carried out, and the bearing mechanism and failure characteristics are studied. • Thirdly, the parameter expansion analysis of double cover plate through-core bolted joint is carried out, and S-N curve expression are given for each type of joint. • Fourth, the Weibull distribution test of double cover plate through-core bolted joint is carried out, and the damage analysis of the joints is carried out using the high cycle fatigue damage model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, MIL-101(Cr)/cellulose aerogel/melamine sponge composite was fabricated through a simple soaking method. The composite was packed in the syringe barrel and used as the sorbent for microextraction in packed syringe. Coupled to UPLC-MS/MS, the proposed method was employed for the analysis of trace nitroimidazoles in water samples. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, including sorbent type, pH value of sample solution, sample solution volume and elution solvent were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, good linearity (r > 0.99 for five analytes), high sensitivity (limit of detection: 8.250–16.33 ng L−1), ideal precision (intra-day precision: 1.1%–5.3%, inter-day precision: 1.8%–6.7%) and satisfactory accuracy (recovery: 70.4%–96.7%) were achieved. The proposed method was proved to be efficient, easily operative and environmentally friendly. [Display omitted] • MIL-101(Cr)/cellulose aerogel/melamine sponge was fabricated by a soaking method. • The composite was used as sorbent for microextraction in packed syringe. • The loss of MOFs was settled after being loaded on monolithic melamine sponge. • Dead volume of monolithic sorbent was eliminated since the sorbent was compressible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saxifragales is a 15-family order of early-divergent Eudicots with a rich morphological diversity and an ancient rapid radiation. Codon usage bias (CUB) analyses have emerged as an essential tool for understanding the evolutionary dynamics in genes. Thus far, the codon utilization patterns had only been reported in four separate genera within Saxifragales. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the codon manipulation based on 50 plastid genes, covering 11 constituent families at a larger sampling scale. Our results first showed a high preference for AT bases and AT-ending codons. We then used effective number of codons (ENC) to assess a range of codon bias levels in the plastid genes. We also detected high-informative intrafamilial differences of ENC in three families. Subsequently, parity rule 2 (PR2) plot analyses revealed both family-unique and order-shared bias patterns. Most importantly, the ENC plots and neutrality analyses collectively supported the dominant roles of selection in the CUB of Saxifragales plastid genes. Notably, the phylogenetic affinities inferred by both ML and BI methods were consistent with each other, and they all comprised two primary clades and four subclades. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of the evolutionary processes of the Saxifrage order, and could potentially inspire more CUB analyses at higher taxonomic levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several complex cellular and gene regulatory processes are involved in peripheral nerve repair. This study uses bioinformatics to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the satellite glial cells of mice following sciatic nerve injury. Methods: R software screens differentially expressed genes, and the WebGestalt functional enrichment analysis tool conducts Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG) pathway analysis. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins constructs protein interaction networks, and the cytoHubba plug-in in the Cytoscape software predicts core genes. Subsequently, the sciatic nerve injury model of mice was established and the dorsal root ganglion satellite glial cells were isolated and cultured. Satellite glial cells-related markers were verified by immunofluorescence staining. Real-time polymerase chain reaction assay and Western blotting assay were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of Sox9 in satellite glial cells. Results: A total of 991 DEGs were screened, of which 383 were upregulated, and 508 were downregulated. The GO analysis revealed the processes of biosynthesis, negative regulation of cell development, PDZ domain binding, and other biological processes were enriched in DEGs. According to the KEGG pathway analysis, DEGs are primarily involved in steroid biosynthesis, hedgehog signaling pathway, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, American lateral skeleton, and melanoma pathways. According to various cytoHubba algorithms, the common core genes in the protein–protein interaction network are Atf3, Mmp2, and Sox9. Among these, Sox9 was reported to be involved in the central nervous system and the generation and development of astrocytes and could mediate the transformation between neurogenic and glial cells. The experimental results showed that satellite glial cell marker GS were co-labeled with Sox9; stem cell characteristic markers Nestin and p75NTR were labeled satellite glial cells. The mRNA and protein expression of Sox9 in satellite glial cells were increased after sciatic nerve injury. Conclusions: In this study, bioinformatics was used to analyze the DEGs of satellite glial cells after sciatic nerve injury, and transcription factors related to satellite glial cells were screened, among which Sox9 may be associated with the fate of satellite glial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use a nonparametric mixture model for the purpose of estimating the size of a population from multiple lists in which both the individual effects and list effects are allowed to vary. We propose a lower bound of the population size that admits an analytic expression. The lower bound can be estimated without the necessity of model-fitting. The asymptotical normality of the estimator is established. Both the estimator itself and that for the estimable bound of its variance are adjusted. These adjusted versions are shown to be unbiased in the limit. Simulation experiments are performed to assess the proposed approach and real applications are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) recently has been extensively used in evolutionary analyses. The superfamily Certhioidea is a highly diverse group within the passerine clade, and the phylogeny of this group is still controversial. To date, few studies have focused on the mitogenome evolution of Certhioidea. In the present study, we provided six new complete mitogenomes of Certhioidea. Comprehensive analyses were carried out on the mitogenomes of Certhioidea, including basic genomic characteristics, codon usage patterns, evolutionary rates, and phylogenetic implications. Based on our analyses, we found the codon usage biases of genes were asymmetrical. Most importantly, we suggested that Salpornis should be separated from family Certhiidae and put into family Salpornithidae to maintain the monophyly of Certhiidae. The present work may provide new insights on the mitogenome evolution of Certhioidea. The superfamily Certhioidea currently comprises five families. Due to the rapid diversification, the phylogeny of Certhioidea is still controversial. The advent of next generation sequencing provides a unique opportunity for a mitogenome-wide study. Here, we first provided six new complete mitogenomes of Certhioidea (Certhia americana, C. familiaris, Salpornis spilonota, Cantorchilus leucotis, Pheugopedius coraya, and Pheugopedius genibarbis). We further paid attention to the genomic characteristics, codon usages, evolutionary rates, and phylogeny of the Certhioidea mitogenomes. All mitogenomes we analyzed displayed typical ancestral avian gene order with 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and one control region (CR). Our study indicated the strand-biased compositional asymmetry might shape codon usage preferences in mitochondrial genes. In addition, natural selection might be the main factor in shaping the codon usages of genes. Additionally, evolutionary rate analyses indicated all mitochondrial genes were under purifying selection. Moreover, MT-ATP8 and MT-CO1 were the most rapidly evolving gene and conserved genes, respectively. According to our mitophylogenetic analyses, the monophylies of Troglodytidae and Sittidae were strongly supported. Importantly, we suggest that Salpornis should be separated from Certhiidae and put into Salpornithidae to maintain the monophyly of Certhiidae. Our findings are useful for further evolutionary studies within Certhioidea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Plastids are semi-autonomous plant organelles which play critical roles in photosynthesis, stress response, and storage. The plastid genomes (plastomes) in angiosperms are relatively conserved in quadripartite structure, but variable in size, gene content, and evolutionary rates of genes. The genus Crassula L. is the second-largest genus in the family Crassulaceae J.St.-Hil, that significantly contributes to the diversity of Crassulaceae. However, few studies have focused on the evolution of plastomes within Crassula. In the present study, we sequenced ten plastomes of Crassula: C. alstonii Marloth, C. columella Marloth & Schönland, C. dejecta Jacq., C. deltoidei Thunb., C. expansa subsp. fragilis (Baker) Toelken, C. mesembrianthemopsis Dinter, C. mesembryanthoides (Haw.) D.Dietr., C. socialis Schönland, C. tecta Thunb., and C. volkensii Engl. Through comparative studies, we found Crassula plastomes have unique codon usage and aversion patterns within Crassulaceae. In addition, genomic features, evolutionary rates, and phylogenetic implications were analyzed using plastome data. Our findings will not only reveal new insights into the plastome evolution of Crassulaceae, but also provide potential molecular markers for DNA barcoding. The genus Crassula is the second-largest genus in the family Crassulaceae, with about 200 species. As an acknowledged super-barcode, plastomes have been extensively utilized for plant evolutionary studies. Here, we first report 10 new plastomes of Crassula. We further focused on the structural characterizations, codon usage, aversion patterns, and evolutionary rates of plastomes. The IR junction patterns—IRb had 110 bp expansion to rps19—were conservative among Crassula species. Interestingly, we found the codon usage patterns of matK gene in Crassula species are unique among Crassulaceae species with elevated ENC values. Furthermore, subgenus Crassula species have specific GC-biases in the matK gene. In addition, the codon aversion motifs from matK, pafI, and rpl22 contained phylogenetic implications within Crassula. The evolutionary rates analyses indicated all plastid genes of Crassulaceae were under the purifying selection. Among plastid genes, ycf1 and ycf2 were the most rapidly evolving genes, whereas psaC was the most conserved gene. Additionally, our phylogenetic analyses strongly supported that Crassula is sister to all other Crassulaceae species. Our findings will be useful for further evolutionary studies within the Crassula and Crassulaceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Stroke has a high incidence and is a disabling condition that can lead to severe cognitive, motor, and sensory dysfunction. In this study, we employed a drug repurposing strategy to investigate the neuroprotective effect of lomitapide on focal ischemic brain injury and explore its potential mechanism of action. Methods: Experimental cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in adult male C57BL/6 mice and simulated by oxygen–glucose deprivation in N2a‐BV2 cells in co‐cultivation. Results: Lomitapide significantly increased the survival rate, reduced the neuronal tissue loss, and improved the neurological function after MCAO. Furthermore, lomitapide could increase the expression of LC3‐II, reduce the expression of P62 and LAMP2, promote autophagic flux, and inhibit apoptosis by increasing and inhibiting the expression of the apoptosis‐associated proteins Bcl‐2 and Bax, respectively. In addition, lomitapide inhibited the migration of pro‐inflammatory microglia. Conclusion: Lomitapide is a lipid‐lowering drug, and this is the first study to explore its protective effect on ischemic nerve injury in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that lomitapide can be repositioned as a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mass spectrometry (MS) data is susceptible to random noises and alternating baseline, posing great challenges to spectral peak detection, especially for weak peaks and overlapping peaks. Herein, an efficient peak detection algorithm combining continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and genetic algorithm-based threshold segmentation (denoted as WSTGA) for mass spectrometry was proposed. Firstly, Mexican Hat wavelet was selected as the mother wavelet by comparing the matching degree between the difference of Gaussian (DOG) and different wavelets. Subsequently, the ridges and valleys were identified from 2D wavelet coefficient matrix. Afterward, an improved threshold segmentation method, Otsu method based on genetic algorithm, was introduced to find optimal segmentation threshold and achieve better image segmentation, overcoming the deficiency of traditional Otsu method that cannot handle long-tailed unimodal histograms. Finally, the characteristic peaks were successfully identified by utilizing the ridge-valley lines in wavelet space and original spectrum. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under curve (AUC) and F₁ measure are used as criterions to evaluate performance of peak detection algorithms. Compared with multi-scale peak detection (MSPD) and CWT and image segmentation (CWT-IS) methods, all the results showed that WSTGA can achieve better peak detection. More importantly, the experimental results from MALDI-TOF spectra demonstrated that WSTGA can effectively detect more weak peaks and overlapping peaks while maintaining a lower false peak detection rate than MSPD and CWT-IS methods, indicating its great advantages in characteristic peak identification. • An efficient peak detection algorithm for MS using CWT and genetic algorithm-based Otsu (WSTGA) was proposed. • The genetic algorithm-based Otsu was introduced to find optimal threshold segmentation. • The ridge determination condition was improved to enhance the denoising ability of WSTGA. • WSTGA can detect more weak peaks and overlapping peaks while maintaining a lower false peak detection rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A functional vasculature for survival remains a challenge for tissue regeneration, which is indispensable for oxygen and nutrient supply. Utilizing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to alleviate tissue ischemia and repair dysfunctional or damaged endothelium is a promising strategy. Compared to other populations of MSCs, adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) possess a more significant proangiogenic potential and are abundantly available. Cell sheet technology has recently been widely utilized in bone engineering. Compared to conventional methods of seeding seed cell suspension onto biological scaffolds, cell sheet technology prevents cell loss and preserves the extracellular matrix (ECM). Nevertheless, the proangiogenic potential of ASC sheets remains unknown. In this study, rat ASC sheets were constructed, and their macro- and microstructures were examined. In addition, we investigated the effects of ASCs and ASC sheets on the biological properties and angiogenic capacity of endothelial cells (ECs). The results demonstrated that the ASC sheets gradually thickened as the number of cells and ECM increased over time and that the cells were in an active state of secretion. Similar to ASC-CM, the conditioned medium (CM) of ASC sheets could significantly enhance the proliferative capacity of ECs. ASC sheet-CM has significant advantages over ASC-CM in promoting the migration and angiogenesis of ECs, where the exosomes secreted by ASC sheets play an essential role. Therefore, using ASC sheets for therapeutic tissue and organ regeneration angiogenesis may be a valuable strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clean, efficient and economical separation of yttrium (Y) from heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) has always attracted attention. Herein, a strategy for the separation of Y from HREEs based on ternary hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES) extraction has been first reported. A total of 44 HDESs were prepared with four carboxylic acids as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs), bis(2-ethylhexyl) amine (BEA) as the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and 1-decanol (DL) as the third component. The prepared HDESs have the advantages of simple preparation, no purification requirement, low viscosity, low water solubility and low toxicity. Performances of the HDESs for the separation of Y from HREEs were systematically evaluated. The synergistic effects of each component in the HDESs improve the extraction and separation performances of Y from the HREEs without saponification and organic solvents. Among them, the DL : oleic acid (OA) : BEA-based HDES with OA as the HBD has good extraction ability, higher saturation loading capacity and better phase separation stability. The separation factors of the DL : OA : BEA (9 : 1 : 5) HDES for HREEs (Dy–Lu) and Y in the industrial Y-enriched solution are Dy/Y ≥ 3.05, Ho/Y ≥ 3.37, Er/Y ≥ 4.29, Tm/Y ≥ 6.00, Yb/Y ≥ 10.8, and Lu/Y ≥ 11.2, respectively. The loaded HDES can be easily stripped and remains stable during multiple regeneration cycles. The HDES has shown excellent extraction and separation performance for HREEs (Dy–Lu) and Y, and potential for application in sustainable rare earth separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Bletilla is a small genus of only five species distributed across Asia, including B. chartacea, B. foliosa, B. formosana, B. ochracea and B. striata, which is of great medicinal importance. Furthermore, this genus is a member of the key tribe Arethuseae (Orchidaceae), harboring an extremely complicated taxonomic history. Recently, the monophyletic status of Bletilla has been challenged, and the phylogenetic relationships within this genus are still unclear. The plastome, which is rich in both sequence and structural variation, has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding plant evolution. Along with four new plastomes, this work is committed to exploring plastomic markers to elucidate the phylogeny of Bletilla. Our results reveal considerable plastomic differences between B. sinensis and the other three taxa in many aspects. Most importantly, the specific features of the IR junction patterns, novel pttRNA structures and codon aversion motifs can serve as useful molecular markers for Bletilla phylogeny. Moreover, based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods, our phylogenetic analyses based on two datasets of Arethuseae strongly imply that Bletilla is non-monophyletic. Accordingly, our findings from this study provide novel potential markers for species identification, and shed light on the evolution of Bletilla and Arethuseae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Liver fibrosis has been recognized as a significant risk factor for short-term outcomes after hepatectomy. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) showed higher diagnostic performance in staging liver fibrosis than other elastography modalities. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of predicting postoperative complications in patients with malignant liver tumors using liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by MRE. Methods: After a systematic review of the relevant studies, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the curve (AUC) for the diagnosis of postoperative complications were pooled using bivariate meta-analysis. Meanwhile, the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the effect. Heterogeneity was explored by sensitivity analysis, univariate meta-regression, and subgroup analysis. The potential publication bias was evaluated by the Deek's funnel plot test. Results: Eight studies comprising a total of 1,154 patients that predicted postoperative outcomes as their purpose were ultimately included in the quantitative analysis. The pooled results of the meta-analysis revealed that the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 78% (95% CI: 69–85%, Higgins's inconsistency index [I2] = 43.00), 75% (95% CI: 70–80%, Higgins's inconsistency index [I2] = 72.53), and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.80–0.86), respectively. Preoperative LSM by MRE was significantly associated with the development of overall postoperative outcomes (OR 1.78, 95% CI: 1.49–2.08). Univariate meta-regression showed that advanced fibrosis stage (≥F3), HCC patient proportion and cut-off value significantly influenced the heterogeneity of the included studies. The AUC of several novel prediction models based on LSM by MRE ranged from 0.818 to 0.911. Conclusions: In conclusion, liver stiffness measured by MRE was a significant predictor of postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing liver resection. Future studies could focus on setting a prognostic model integrated with LSM by MRE in distinguishing patients at high risk of posthepatectomy complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The culture medium plays an important role in embryonic development and subsequent pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. The sequential culture media of Vitrolife and Cook are the two most commonly used reagents in China. This study aimed to assess their effects on IVF success rates, obstetric outcomes and neonatal outcomes.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study on 6352 patients undergoing first IVF attempts between January 2018 and December 2019, resulting in 3153 clinical pregnancies, 2646 live births, and 2668 babies. Patients were grouped according to the culture media they used. There were 4680 patients in the Vitrolife group and 1672 patients in the Cook group. The primary outcome measures were maternal and neonatal outcomes. ANOVA and Chi-square tests were used for statistical comparison, and multivariate logistic regression and multivariate general linear model were used to adjust for potential confounders.Results: The rates of live birth, clinical pregnancy, monozygotic twins, miscarriage, and ectopic pregnancy were all comparable between the groups of Vitrolife and Cook. The incidence of placenta previa was higher in the Vitrolife group [4.86 vs. 3.09%, adjusted odds ratio = 2.048 (1.146-3.657)]. The incidence of macrosomia was higher in the Cook group [7.51 vs. 5.39%, adjusted odds ratio = 1.445 (1.010-2.069)].Conclusion: The culture media of Vitrolife and Cook are comparably effective in IVF success. Vitrolife is associated with a higher risk of placenta previa, while Cook is associated with a higher risk of macrosomia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein glycosylation is of great significance in various physiological processes. Nevertheless, it remains a huge challenge to identify glycopeptides in complex biosamples by the direct mass spectrometry analysis due to the low ion efficiency and low abundance of glycopeptides. In this study, a novel hydrogel (denoted as ZIF-8/SAP) with a stable three-dimensional (3D) network structure and excellent hydrophilicity was successfully fabricated to capture glycopeptides with high efficiency. Owing to the unique characteristics, ZIF-8/SAP exhibited great selectivity (1 : 1000), great sensitivity (1 fmol μL−1), large binding capacity (300 mg g−1) and satisfactory reusability (seven cycles). Inspired by the great enrichment performance of the as-prepared material toward glycopeptides, ZIF-8/SAP was further applied to capture glycopeptides from a real human serum sample. The experimental results demonstrated that 217 N-glycosylation sites were identified in 283 N-glycopeptides, corresponding to 95 glycoproteins identified from 10 μL human serum by the nano-LC-MS/MS analysis, revealing the great potential of the novel ZIF-8/SAP hydrogel for glycopeptide enrichment and glycoproteomic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel hydrophilic porous biocomposite was fabricated by incorporating graphene oxide (GO) @chitosan (CS) foam substrate (GO@CS@ZIF-8 foam) with ZIF-8 crystals in situ via a facile stirring method for simultaneous enrichment of glycopeptides and phosphopeptides from complex biological samples. The experimental results demonstrated that GO@CS@ZIF-8 foam exhibited favorable specificity for simultaneous enrichment of N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides under the same condition for HRP and β-casein tryptic digest mixtures. The novel material was further applied to enriching both glycopeptides and phosphopeptides simultaneously from 4 μL complex human serum, and 423 N-glycopeptides and 40 phosphopeptides corresponding to 133 glycoproteins and 29 phosphoproteins were identified, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is one of the most important pathogens causing maize dwarf mosaic disease, which seriously affects the yield and quality of maize. Currently, the molecular mechanism of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) responding to SCMV infection in maize is still uncovered. In this study, a total of 112 differentially expressed (DE)-long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), 24 DE-microRNAs (miRNAs), and 1822 DE-messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and 363 DE-lncRNAs, 230 DE-miRNAs, and 4376 DE-mRNAs were identified in maize resistant (Chang7-2) and susceptible (Mo17) inbred lines in response to SCMV infection through whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing, respectively. Moreover, 4874 mRNAs potentially targeted by 635 miRNAs were obtained by degradome sequencing. Subsequently, several crucial SCMV-responsive lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks were established, of which the expression levels of lncRNA10865-miR166j-3p-HDZ25/69 (class III homeodomain-leucine zipper 25/69) module, and lncRNA14234-miR394a-5p-SPL11 (squamosal promoter-binding protein-like 11) module were further verified. Additionally, silencing lncRNA10865 increased the accumulations of SCMV and miR166j-3p , while silencing lncRNA14234 decreased the accumulations of SCMV and SPL11 targeted by miR394a-5p. This study revealed the interactions of lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs in maize resistant and susceptible materials, providing novel clues to reveal the mechanism of maize in resistance to SCMV from the perspective of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: The treatment-related cardiovascular disease in patients with breast cancer poses a greater mortality threat than cancer itself. To assist clinical oncologist, we introduced a scale to help clinicians by screening out patients with breast cancer who were at risk of cardiovascular diseases. The breast cancer patients in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were analyzed retrospectively by the scale. Methods: This was a single center, retrospective trial. A total of 760 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in this trial from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018. The incidence rate of cardiovascular risk was collected from patients eligible for admission. Secondly, follow-up information for each patient was evaluated by the scale and the clinician. The repeatability, sensitivity, specificity and consistency of the scale were evaluated. Results: The average follow-up duration was (746.55-309.94) d, and the average population age was (56.60-12.62) years. A total of 36 patients developed severe arrhythmias during or after the treatment, 8 patients with emerging myocardial injury and 6 patients with emerging cardiac insufficiency. The follow-up rates of patients with test for NT-proBNP from half a year to one year and more than one year after baseline were 34.31% and 29.62%, while 35.48% and 32.48% for those who took echocardiography. The sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of medium-and high-risk patient tests were 0.828, 0.934 and 0.921, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of high-risk patient tests were 0.983, 0.986, and 0.986, respectively. The linear consistency with clinical judgment was -=0.633, P<0.05. The average time for completion of the scale was (108.67±44.86) s. Conclusion: The incidence rate of cardiovascular disease in breast cancer patients is even higher than that of cancer itself. Therefore, it is essential to monitor cardiovascular disease. In this trial, we provide a simple and feasible scale, which has high accuracy, specificity and convenience. We hope to promote it as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Drug Response Gene Expression Associated Map, also referred as "DREAM" (http://bio-big-data.cn:8080/DREAM), is a manually curated database of experimentally supported protein-coding RNAs and drugs associations in human cancers. The current version of the DREAM documents 3048 entries about scientific literatures supported drug sensitivity or drug intervention related protein-coding RNAs from PubMed database and 195 high-throughput microarray data about drug sensitivity or drug intervention related protein-coding RNAs data from GEO database. Each entry in DREAM database contains detailed information on protein-coding RNA, drug, cancer, and other information including title, PubMed ID, journal, publish time. The DREAM database also provides some data visualization and online analysis services such as volcano plot, GO/KEGG enrichment function analysis, and novel drug discovery analysis. We hope the DREAM database should serve as a valuable resource for clinical practice and basic research, which could help researchers better understand the effects of protein-coding RNAs on drug response in human cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In vegetable production, Chinese cabbage can readily accumulate cadmium (Cd) into its edible parts and exceed food safety standards. However, there are still some ecotypes that respond differently to cadmium stress. This study aimed to investigate the differences of Cd-induced (0, 10, 50, 100, 200 µM) response under hydroponic culture between two Chinese cabbage ecotypes which were promoted in northeastern China from the characteristics of biomass, uptake kinetic, accumulation, and initial oxidative stress. In this paper, it was confirmed that Jinfeng (JF) was a Cd-tolerant cultivar and had low Cd accumulation in edible part, while Qiutian (QT) was Cd-sensitive, exhibiting a faster Cd uptake rate but lacking effective Cd detoxication mechanisms, and was severely damaged by 10 µM Cd treatment. Conversely, even at a high Cd concentration of 200 µM, Jinfeng had weaker biomass inhibition, lower root Cd affinity, more difficult root-to-leaf translocation, and stronger antioxidant enzyme activity than Qiutian. In conclusion, Jinfeng can endure mild Cd stress (<10 µM), and Qiutian can be used as a Cd indicator. This study provides reliable materials and related data support for vegetable production in areas with mild Cd pollution. Novelty statement: This work further investigates the unique features of low-Cd accumulator in Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis L.) seedlings as an interesting material for vegetable production in areas with mild Cd pollution. It also explains the differences between Cd-tolerant and Cd-sensitive cultivars under different cadmium stress levels and how these differences can alter their response. With the increase of Cd concentration, Cd-tolerant cultivars compared to Cd-sensitive cultivars showed less biomass decrease, lower accumulation, lower TF, more chemically stable Cd in roots and more active antioxidant enzymes under the same Cd stress level. With the development of seedlings, the uptake of Cd in roots and the translocation to the leaves were effectively restricted by the poor Cd affinity of roots, the conversion of Cd chemical forms and the promotion of antioxidase activities, in a Cd-tolerant low accumulator, Jinfeng. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mammalian Y chromosome offers a unique perspective on the male reproduction and paternal evolutionary histories. However, further understanding of the Y chromosome biology for most mammals is hindered by the lack of a Y chromosome assembly. This study presents an integrated in silico strategy for identifying and assembling the goat Y‐linked scaffolds using existing data. A total of 11.5 Mb Y‐linked sequences were clustered into 33 scaffolds, and 187 protein‐coding genes were annotated. We also identified high abundance of repetitive elements. A 5.84 Mb subset was further ordered into an assembly with the evidence from the goat radiation hybrid map (RH map). The existing whole‐genome resequencing data of 96 goats (worldwide distribution) were utilized to exploit the paternal relationships among bezoars and domestic goats. Goat paternal lineages were clearly divided into two clades (Y1 and Y2), predating the goat domestication. Demographic history analyses indicated that maternal lineages experienced a bottleneck effect around 2,000 YBP (years before present), after which goats belonging to the A haplogroup spread worldwide from the Near East. As opposed to this, paternal lineages experienced a population decline around the 10,000 YBP. The evidence from the Y chromosome suggests that male goats were not affected by the A haplogroup worldwide transmission, which implies sexually unbalanced contribution to the goat trade and population expansion in post‐Neolithic period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Stroke is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Although numerous modifiable risk factors (RF) for stroke have been identified, some remain unexplained. Increasing studies have investigated stroke risk in arthritis, but their results are inconsistent. We aimed to synthesize, quantify, and compare the risk of stroke for the major types of arthritis in cohort studies by using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Methods: We searched Chinese and English databases to identify relevant studies from inception to April 30, 2020. Only studies adjusting at least for age and sex were included. We calculated pooled effect estimates for relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) and identified potential sources of heterogeneity and publication bias. Results: A total of 1,348 articles were retrieved, and after an preliminary screening of titles and abstracts, 69 were reviewed for full text, and finally, 32 met the criteria for meta-analysis. Stroke risk in arthritis was significantly increased in studies adjusting for age and sex (RR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.27–1.46) and for at least one traditional risk factor (RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.28–1.54). The results of studies stratified by stroke subtype were consistent with the main finding (ischemic stroke: RR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.32–1.78; hemorrhagic stroke: RR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.15–1.84). In subgroup analysis by arthritis type, stroke risk was significantly increased in rheumatoid arthritis (RR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.29–1.48), ankylosing spondylitis (RR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.25–1.77), psoriatic arthritis (RR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.22–1.45), and gout (RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.13–1.73) but not osteoarthritis (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.91–1.16). Age and sex subgroup analyses indicated that stroke risk was similar by sex (women: RR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.31–1.66; men: RR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.28–1.61); risk was higher with younger age (<45 years) (RR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.17–1.82) than older age (≥65 years) (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.08–1.26). Conclusions: Stroke risk was increased in multiple arthritis and similar between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Young patients with arthritis had the highest risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study assembled and annotated four new plastomes from the Telephium clade. • Monophyletic Telephium clade further formed Hylotelephium and Rhodiola subclade. • No positive selection gene was observed but 19 genes had positive selection sites. • Codon usage was biased, shaped by natural selection, mutations and other factors. • 34 taxon-specific codon aversion motifs were identified from 49 plastid genes. The Telephium clade of the Crassulaceae family contains many medicinal, ornamental, and ecologically restorative plants. However, the phylogenetic relationships within the clade remain debated, and comprehensive analyses of codon usage and selection pressure in Telephium plastomes are limited. In this study, we assembled and annotated four plastomes and performed extensive analyses. The plastomes exhibited a typical quadripartite structure and high conservation. The lengths ranged from 151,357 bp to 151,641 bp with 134 genes identified. The GC content was the highest within IR, followed by LSC, and lowest in the SSC region. Meanwhile, a unique inversion was observed within the LSC region of Meterostachys sikokianus. Polymorphisms analysis revealed minimum nucleotide diversity in the IR regions, with over ten highly polymorphic regions identified. Phylogenetically, two subclades formed within the monophyletic Telephium clade, with Umbilicus as the sister group to the remaining Hylotelephium subclade members. Notably, no significant positive selection was found among the 79 plastid genes, which showed varying evolutionary patterns. However, 19 genes contained codons under positive selection. The specific functions of these sites require further investigation. Synonymous codon usage was biased and conserved across the tested plastomes, shaped by natural selection, mutations and other factors of varying influence. We also identified 34 taxon-specific codon aversion motifs from 49 plastid genes. Our plastomic analyses elucidate phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary patterns in this medicinal clade, providing a foundation for further research on these ecologically and pharmaceutically important plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To obtain efficient and rapid manganese removal performance of NMS (natural manganese sand), MOBMs (manganese oxide-bearing manganese sand) were prepared and loaded with manganese oxide formed by forced oxidation of manganese sulfate with sodium hypochlorite onto the surface of NMS. The results of SEM, EDS, BET, XPS, XRD and Zeta potential analyses showed that manganese oxides were successfully loaded on the surface of NMS, with the main components being MnO 2 and Mn 2 O 3. The surface of MOBMs is covered by needle-shaped flocculent manganese oxides, with a large number of mesopores. The isothermal adsorption and kinetic adsorption model indicated that the adsorption of Mn2+ by MOBMs occurred through monolayer adsorption and chemical adsorption. The intraparticle diffusion model showed that the adsorption process is dominated by mesoporous and microporous diffusion, which is controlled by adsorption, membrane diffusion, particle diffusion and catalytic oxidation. Under the conditions of the static test, the best adsorption conditions were determined as follows: D f = 2 g/100 ml (q = 0.149 mg/g), pH = 7.5–8.5. Under these conditions, the removal rate of Mn2+ by MOBMs was 84.47%. The presence of competing cations NH 4 + and Fe2+ had a negative effect on the removal of Mn2+. The dynamic test shows that the MOBM maturation cycle takes only 7 days. MOBMs can realize the efficient utilization of low-quality NMS, shorten the maturity period of manganese removal filter material, improve the adsorption performance, and ensure the efficient removal of Mn2+. [Display omitted] • The adsorption capacity of the filter material is strengthened, and the high-efficient utilization of low-quality natural manganese sand is realized. • It can quickly and effectively remove Mn2+ from groundwater. • The main component on the surface of MOBMs is MnO 2. • MOBMs can quickly mature and significantly shorten the maturation cycle of filter materials. • MOBMs have strong adsorption and oxidation capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Pairwise meta-analysis＆network meta-analysis were performed, respectively. • Bayesian/frequentist network meta-analysis were also performed. • Risk bias was evaluated using the GRADE＆CINeMA. • Laser assisted MD is superior to MD alone in treating peri-implantitis. • Er:YAG/diode lasers gain better anti-inflammation＆aPDT gains better regeneration. Peri-implantitis is a major factor responsible for a decrease in the long-term success rate of implants. Conventional mechanical debridement (MD) is not efficient enough to clear plaque from the surface of rough-threaded implants. Additional laser therapy may compensate for this deficiency and promote tissue regeneration by photobiomodulation. To evaluate the efficacy and ranking of adjuvant laser therapy for peri-implantitis with regards to inflammation control and tissue regeneration, data analysis of diode laser, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and solid-state laser (erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser (Er:YAG) and erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG)) for inflammation-related indicators, such as peri-implant probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), sulcular bleeding index (SBI), and plaque index (PLI), as well as regeneration-related indicators, such as clinical attachment level (CAL) and radiographic bone fill (RBF) were included in the systematic review and network meta-analysis. The EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PubMed databases were searched till 12 March 2022 for records of randomised controlled blind clinical trials with a 24-week follow-up. World Health Organization-International Clinical Trial Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov were used to revalidate the included trials and to search for completed but unpublished trials on 26 March 2022. We included four laser therapies for patients with peri-implantitis and bone defects, excluding single- or multi-arm clinical trials lacking laser-assisted MD. We extracted the general characteristics and associated outcomes from the included studies. The risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, and evidence certainty was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework (GRADE) and confidence in network meta-analysis (CINeMA).The primary outcomes of the pairwise meta-analysis were PPD, BOP, CAL, PLI, and RBF, whereas those of the network meta-analysis were PPD, SBI, CAL, PLI, and RBF; all estimated weighted mean differences were under a random effects model. The PROSPERO number for this study is CRD42022334800. A total of 18 studies with 901 participants were included. In the pairwise meta-analysis, MD with laser assistance performed better than MD alone for all outcomes. Among the outcomes, compared with MD alone, aPDT as an adjunct was significantly more effective in reducing BOP (weighted mean difference (WMD) = 8.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) range: 5.03–11.37), CAL (WMD = 0.44, 95% CI range: 0.40–0.48) and increasing RBF (WMD = 0.22, 95% CI range: 0.10–0.34), while diode laser as an adjunct (WMD = 0.28, 95% CI range: 0.08–0.47) was significantly more effective in PLI reduction. In network meta-analysis, aPDT as an adjunct was significantly more effective than MD alone in improving PPD (WMD = 0.67, 95% CI range: 0.44–0.87), CAL (WMD = 0.51, 95% CI range: 0.16–0.88) and RBF (WMD = 0.22, 95% CI range: 0.03–0.45). In terms of PPD reduction, both MD with adjuvant Er,Cr:YSGG and Er:YAG demonstrated significant advantages over adjuvant diode laser (WMD = 0.43, 95% CI range: 0.01–0.83 and WMD = 0.82, 95% CI range: 0.12–1.53, respectively) or MD alone (WMD = 0.69, 95% CI range: 0.44–0.9 and WMD = 1.09, 95% CI range: 0.49–1.68, respectively). The probability of optimal treatment from the Bayesian network meta-analysis exhibited that Er:YAG + MD (88.4%), Er:YAG + MD (76.6%), aPDT + MD (92.5%), and diode laser + MD (63.3%) ranked first in PPD, SBI, CAL, and PLI improvement in peri-implantitis, respectively. However, there was a contradiction between the Bayesian network meta-analysis (Er:YAG + MD: 45.9%) and frequentist network meta-analysis (aPDT + MD: 48.5%) for the best efficacy ranking probability of RBF. Of the 18 trials, the certainty of the evidence ranged from high to very low, with three (16.7%) rated as high risk of bias, 14 (77.8%) at moderate risk of bias, and one (0.6%) at low risk of bias. The current evidence suggests that laser-assisted MD is superior to MD alone in the treatment of peri-implantitis. Compared with other adjuvant laser therapies, Er:YAG and diode lasers were more effective in reducing inflammation, whereas aPDT could further achieve tissue regeneration for the treatment of peri-implantitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The formula of the 2D molecular kerogen (Nanpu shale) structure was C 199 H 240 O 20 N 6 S 2. • The kerogen is a network composed mainly of aliphatic and aromatic structures. • At over 5000 K (250 ps), kerogen pyrolysis is less affected by temperature. • H 2 O and H 2 yields are temperature sensitive, CO 2 yield is less affected by temperature. Shale can be both a source rock and a reservoir rock, which is a typical self-generating and self-storing type of oil accumulation. Its main organic component is kerogen. Using molecular dynamics (MD), a realistic kerogen molecular structure model is an alternative to experimental and analytical-only approaches for studying shale organic matter's microscopic properties. Therefore, it is useful to establish an average molecular structure model for shale kerogen. Moreover, the pyrolysis mechanism of shale kerogen is of great significance for developing and utilizing shale mineral resources. In this study, geochemical and spectroscopic measurements such as the elemental analysis, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to obtain information about the carbon skeleton, aliphatic structures, and aromatic structures of the kerogen. Following information analysis and molecular fragment splicing, a 2D molecular structure model of kerogen from the Nanpu shale, with the chemical formula C 199 H 240 O 20 N 6 S 2 and molecular weight of 3096 Daltons was constructed. After that, the accuracy of the 2D structure was verified by comparing the 13C NMR spectra simulated by the 2D structure to the experimental spectra. Using MD simulation, based on the kerogen density, 10 2D structures are then combined to create a realistic 3D molecular structure model of kerogen. Finally, pyrolysis analysis was performed based on the established 3D molecular structure model of kerogen to determine the effect of temperature on pyrolysis. Using the advantages of various technologies, this study not only provides a systematic method for establishing a realistic 3D molecular structure model of kerogen but also contributes to in-depth research on the reaction mechanism of kerogen pyrolysis, providing a reliable foundation for future research on the properties of shale at the molecular scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taxa of Buchnera aphidicola (hereafter " Buchnera ") are mutualistic intracellular symbionts of aphids, known for their remarkable biological traits such as genome reduction, strand compositional asymmetry, and symbiont-host coevolution. With the growing availability of genomic data, we performed a comprehensive analysis of 103 genomes of Buchnera strains from 12 host subfamilies, focusing on the genomic characterizations, codon usage patterns, and phylogenetic implications. Our findings revealed consistent features among all genomes, including small genome sizes, low GC contents, and gene losses. We also identified strong strand compositional asymmetries in all strains at the genome level. Further investigation suggested that mutation pressure may have played a crucial role in shaping codon usage of Buchnera. Moreover, the genomic asymmetries were reflected in asymmetric codon usage preferences within chromosomal genes. Notably, the levels of these asymmetries were varied among strains and were significantly influenced by the degrees of genome shrinkages. Lastly, our phylogenetic analyses presented an alternative topology of Aphididae, based on the Buchnera symbionts, providing robust confirmation of the paraphylies of Eriosomatinae, and Macrosiphini. Our objectives are to further understand the strand compositional asymmetry and codon usage bias of Buchnera taxa, and provide new perspectives for phylogenetic studies of Aphididae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taxa of Buchnera aphidicola (hereafter " Buchnera ") are mutualistic intracellular symbionts of aphids, known for their remarkable biological traits such as genome reduction, strand compositional asymmetry, and symbiont-host coevolution. With the growing availability of genomic data, we performed a comprehensive analysis of 103 genomes of Buchnera strains from 12 host subfamilies, focusing on the genomic characterizations, codon usage patterns, and phylogenetic implications. Our findings revealed consistent features among all genomes, including small genome sizes, low GC contents, and gene losses. We also identified strong strand compositional asymmetries in all strains at the genome level. Further investigation suggested that mutation pressure may have played a crucial role in shaping codon usage of Buchnera. Moreover, the genomic asymmetries were reflected in asymmetric codon usage preferences within chromosomal genes. Notably, the levels of these asymmetries were varied among strains and were significantly influenced by the degrees of genome shrinkages. Lastly, our phylogenetic analyses presented an alternative topology of Aphididae, based on the Buchnera symbionts, providing robust confirmation of the paraphylies of Eriosomatinae, and Macrosiphini. Our objectives are to further understand the strand compositional asymmetry and codon usage bias of Buchnera taxa, and provide new perspectives for phylogenetic studies of Aphididae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent disease without satisfactory treatment strategies. Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) transplantation has been proposed as a potential therapy for UC. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of the rat hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene transduced into DPSCs for UC. Methods: The therapeutic effects of HGF-DPSCs transplanted intravenously into a rat model of UC induced by 5% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) were compared with the other treatment groups (LV-HGF group, DPSCs group and GFP-DPSCs group). Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the localization and proliferation of HGF-DPSCs at the site of colon injury. The expression levels of inflammatory factors were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and western blotting. The oxidative stress markers were detected by ELISA. DAI scores and body weight changes were used to macroscopically evaluate the treatment of rats in each group. Results: Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry assays showed that HGF-DPSCs homed to colon injury sites and colocalized with intestinal stem cell (ISC) markers (Bmi1, Musashi1 and Sox9) and significantly promoted protein expression (Bmi1, Musashi1, Sox9 and PCNA). Anti-inflammatory cytokine (TGF-β and IL-10) expression was the highest in the HGF-DPSCs group compared with the other treatment groups, while the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and INF-γ) was the lowest. Additionally, the oxidative stress response results showed that malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression decreased while superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression increased, especially in the HGF-DPSCs group. The DAI scores showed a downward trend with time in the five treatment groups, whereas body weight increased, and the changes were most prominent in the HGF-DPSCs group. Conclusions: The study indicated that HGF-DPSCs can alleviate injuries to the intestinal mucosa by transdifferentiating into ISC-like cells, promoting ISC-like cell proliferation, suppressing inflammatory responses and reducing oxidative stress damage, which provides new ideas for the clinical treatment of UC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore a new preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) method for de novo mutations (DNMs) combined with chromosomal balanced translocations by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using the MGISEQ-2000 sequencer. Methods: Two families, one with maternal Olmsted syndrome caused by DNM (c.1246C>T) in TRPV3 and a paternal Robertsonian translocation and one with paternal Marfan syndrome caused by DNM (c.4952_4955delAATG) in FBN1 and a maternal reciprocal translocation, underwent PGT for monogenetic disease (PGT-M), chromosomal aneuploidy, and structural rearrangement. WGS of embryos and family members were performed. Bioinformatics analysis based on gradient sequencing depth was performed, and parent-embryo haplotyping was conducted for DNM diagnosis. Sanger sequencing, karyotyping, and chromosomal microarray analysis were performed using an amniotic fluid sample to confirm the PGT results. Results: After 1 PGT cycle, WGS of 2 embryos from the Olmsted syndrome family revealed euploid embryos without DNMs; after 2 cycles, the 11 embryos from the Marfan syndrome family showed only 1 normal embryo without DNM, copy number variations (CNVs), or aneuploidy. Moreover, 1 blastocyst from the Marfan syndrome family was transferred back to the uterus; the amniocentesis test results were confirmed by PGT and a healthy infant was born. Conclusions: WGS based on parent-embryo haplotypes was an effective strategy for PGT of DNMs combined with a chromosomal balanced translocation. Our results indicate this is a reliable and effective diagnostic method that is useful for clinical application in PGT of patients with DNMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Single crystals of cuprate oxychloride superconductor Ca2− x Na x CuO2Cl2 (Na-CCOC) with a systematic variant T c as a function of Na content are synthesized under high pressure and high temperature. The pressure effect on the superconducting transition temperature in Na-CCOC single crystal is investigated by electrical resistance measurements up to 6.5GPa. It is found that the T c decreases almost linearly with increasing pressure, exhibiting a negative pressure shift, which is totally different pressure behavior from that of isostructural (La,Sr)2CuO4 and other cuprate superconductors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]