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To evaluate the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behaviors among Chinese floating population aged 18-59.Data was from the Chinese Floating Population Chronic Disease Surveillance (2012). Of the 48 704 subjects aged 18-59 years old, information on frequency and duration of leisure activity was collected by face-to-face interview. Time spent on watching TV, reading, using computers or playing games after work was also calculated.19.4% (95%CI:19.0%-19.7%) of the subjects took part in moderate or vigorous intensity physical activities at least 10 minutes for three days per week, with percentage higher in males than in females and increasing among younger males (P0.01). Data showed that it was opposite among females (P0.01). Physical activities increased in those with higher education for both males and females (P0.01) and showed significant differences on occupations. Among those who engaged in different occupations, subjects working on social service and manufactory presented the top two highest percentages on often engaging in leisure time activities and they spent 4.9 (95%CI:4.8-4.9) hours daily on average in sedentary behavior decreasing along with aging but increasing with having received higher education.The percentage of taking part in moderate and vigorous activities among floating population was generally low. Prevention should target on floating population, especially on females, those with lower education or at older age.

To describe the intake of fruit and vegetables among employed migrant population aged 18 to 59 year-olds in China.Data from the Migrant Population Survey related to China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance that conducted in 170 counties/districts in 31 provinces, 2012, was used. Information on non-communicable diseases and related risk factors among migrant population were collected through face-to-face questionnaire interview, physical measurement and lab tests. A total of 48 704 subjects aged 18 to 59 years old were included in our study. Sample was standardized by age and sex. Information on average daily fruit and vegetables intake, prevalence of low fruit and vegetables intake, grouped by sex, age, industries, and education level were analyzed.The average daily intakes of vegetables and fruits were 353.7 (95%CI:351.3-356.2) g and 125.1 (95%CI:123.4-126.9) g respectively, among the employed migrant population aged 18-59 years old in China. Prevalence of low fruit and vegetables intake was 44.1% (95% CI:43.5%-44.6% ) among employed migrant population, 46.2% (95% CI: 45.5%-47.0%)for males and 41.2% (95% CI:40.3%-42.0%)for females (χ(2) = 82.19, P0.05). Among different professions, the prevalence of low fruit and vegetables intake was the highest among people working in accommodation and restaurants (46.2%, 95%CI:45.0%-47.3%) while the lowest seen among those working in social services (42.5%, 95%CI:41.4%-43.7%,χ(2) = 15.81, P0.05). The prevalence of low fruit and vegetables intake showed a decrease along with the increase of education levels (χ(2) = 22.29, P0.05).In 2012, more than 40% of the employed migrant population aged 18 to 59 years old in China had low fruit and vegetables intake. Being male and with low education level were risk factors linked with the higher prevalence of low fruit and vegetables intake.

To understand the drinking behaviors and patterns among floating population in China.Floating population were selected through multistage clustering sampling method, stratified by 6 major industries in 170 counties and districts from 31 provinces/autonomous regions, and Xinjiang Construction Corps, in mainland China. Design-based methods were adopted to analyze the drinking behavior in subpopulations.A total of 48 697 floating population aged 18-59 years were included in the study. The overall prevalence rate of drinking was 51.7% with 71.9% in men and 24.7% in women, in the last 12 months. Among those who ever drank, the weekly drinking prevalence and daily alcohol intake were 53.9% and 18.7 g in males while 16.7% and 4.1 g in females, respectively, among those floating population. Weekly drinking prevalence rates, for both genders, increased along with the increase of age (P0.01), but declining with having higher education level (P0.01). Among male drinkers, daily alcohol intake increased with age(P0.01) but declining with those having higher education (P0.01). Prevalence rates on excessive drinking, hazardous drinking and harmful drinking among male drinkers were 23.6% , 6.6% and 6.9%, respectively, but among female drinkers the figures were 6.3% , 2.3% and 1.5% , respectively. More male and older drinkers had excessive drinking, hazardous drinking or harmful drinking than the younger drinkers (P0.01), while less male drinkers in those having lower education (P0.01). 71.2% male and 33.1% female drinkers experienced at least once binge drinking in the last 12 months. Distribution of binge drinking frequencies were statistically different among male drinkers by age groups, education levels, or occupation they engaged in (P0.01). Among all the 6 occupations, floating population from the construction industry had the highest prevalence rates on items as weekly drinking, daily alcohol intake and prevalence of unhealthy drinking behaviors, except for hazardous drinking behaviors.Drinking behavior was prevalent among floating population in China. Significant difference was seen between genders. Unhealthy drinking behaviors varied greatly among male drinkers at different age groups or education levels as well as among those working in the different industries.

In this paper, a wideband, gain-flattened, highly-linear signal reconnaissance receiver worked on UAV with high sensitivity and high Dynamic range is proposed for complex electromagnetic environment of space and variable transmitter source. The reconnaissance receiver used field programmable gate array (FPGA) and some supporting chip and circuit to accomplish the frequency select and data storage. In order to reduce the noise figure, enhance the sensitivity and gain flatness, the design system used specific integrated circuit, variable gain amplifier (VGA), low noise amplifier (LNA), frequency selective circuit. And gain-flatness enhanced circuit. After some series of tests carried out by the unmanned helicopter, the tests and measured data and figure shows it can detect and receive the signal between 100MHz and 500MHz, the sensitivity is between -100dBm and -120dBm, the dynamic range is 70dB at least, it can suppress the strong narrowband interference (NBI).

Good public-health decisionmaking is dependent on reliable and timely statistics on births and deaths (including the medical causes of death). All high-income countries, without exception, have national civil registration systems that record these events and generate regular, frequent, and timely vital statistics. By contrast, these statistics are not available in many low-income and lower-middle-income countries, even though it is in such settings that premature mortality is most severe and the need for robust evidence to back decisionmaking most critical. Civil registration also has a range of benefits for individuals in terms of legal status, and the protection of economic, social, and human rights. However, over the past 30 years, the global health and development community has failed to provide the needed technical and financial support to countries to develop civil registration systems. There is no single blueprint for establishing and maintaining such systems and ensuring the availability of sound vital statistics. Each country faces a different set of challenges, and strategies must be tailored accordingly. There are steps that can be taken, however, and we propose an approach that couples the application of methods to generate better vital statistics in the short term with capacity-building for comprehensive civil registration systems in the long run.

Objectives - To examine the modification of temperature-mortality association by factors at the individual and community levels. Design and methods - This study investigated this issue using a national database comprising daily data of 66 Chinese communities for 2006–2011. A ‘threshold-natural cubic spline’ distributed lag non-linear model was utilised to estimate the mortality effects of daily mean temperature, and then examined the modification of the relationship by individual factors (age, sex, education level, place of death and cause of death) using a meta-analysis approach and community-level factors (annual temperature, population density, sex ratio, percentage of older population, health access, household income and latitude) using a meta-regression method. Results - We found significant effects of high and low temperatures on mortality in China. The pooled excess mortality risk was 1.04% (95% CI 0.90% to 1.18%) for a 1°C temperature decrease below the minimum mortality temperature (MMT), and 3.44% (95% CI 3.00% to 3.88%) for a 1°C temperature increase above MMT. At the individual level, age and place of death were found to be significant modifiers of cold effect, while age, sex, place of death, cause of death and education level were effect modifiers of heat effect. At the community level, communities with lower socioeconomic status and higher annual temperature were generally more vulnerable to the mortality effects of high and low temperatures. Conclusions - This study identifies susceptibility based on both individual-level and community-level effect modifiers; more attention should be given to these vulnerable individuals and communities to reduce adverse health effects of extreme temperatures.