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In this study, the degradation behavior of flexible GaInP/GaAs/InGaAs (IMM3J) solar cells and their metamorphic subcells under 1 MeV electron irradiation was investigated. The remaining factors such as short-circuit current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), and maximum power (Pmax) were 95.62, 85.52, and 79.73%, respectively, at an irradiation fluence of 2 × 1015 e/cm2. The spectral responses of the InGaAs and GaAs subcells degraded significantly, and the InGaAs subcell experienced greater degradation than the GaAs subcell after irradiation. In addition, the current-limiting unit was switched from GaInP to InGaAs after irradiation. Defect analysis by deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) revealed that with increasing irradiation fluence, the defects that had the greatest impact on the performance of GaAs subcells were EV + 0.36 and EV + 0.42 eV. For InGaAs subcells, the defects that had the greatest impact on the performance were EV + 0.29 and EV + 0.24 eV. The decrease in the minority carrier lifetime is the main reason for the decrease in the electrical performance of solar cells, and the variation in the effective minority carrier lifetime (τeff) in the subcells with the irradiation fluence was calculated based on the DLTS results. At a fluence of 2 × 1015 e/cm2, the τeff of the GaAs and InGaAs subcells decreased from 2.93 × 10−10 and 9.10 × 10−10 s to 1.56 × 10−11 and 1.60 × 10−12 s, respectively. These results provide a reference for predicting the degradation of short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage of flexible IMM3J. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, composites based on Ni-doped ZnO nanorods and Ti3C2 MXene structure (Ni-ZnO NR/Ti3C2) were produced via a simple hydrothermal method for photocatalytic applications. Special attention was paid to their structural and optical properties. The composite exhibited a photocatalytic effectiveness of 88.2% in degrading methyl orange (MO) within a duration of 75 minutes when exposed to a xenon lamp. The enhancement of the catalytic activity was due to the one-dimensional ZnO nanostructure, the Ni doping, and the Schottky heterojunction is formed by the interface within ZnO and Ti3C2. Therefore, this work provides an effective strategy to fabricate metal oxide/MXene photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interbasin water transfers and diversions are among the most controversial water-resources-planning topics worldwide. They provide supply alternatives to receiving basins and potential challenges to the donor basins within a context of changing global water problems. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of global interbasin water transfer research between 1900 and 2014. The bibliometric analysis analyzes general characteristics of publications, the national, institutional, and personal research outputs, participating regions and their research activity, and global trends and hot issues in the field of water transfers. Our results show that the rate of annual publication of interbasin water transfer research grew steadily after 1972 and is rising quickly at present. The United States produced the largest number of single-country publications (37.4 %) and international collaborative publications (46.6 %). However, China had a high growth rate of publications after 2001, and surpassed the United States and ranked 1st in 2012, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences playing a leading role in the emergence of China’s research output. The global geographic distribution of publication activity shows that an increasing number of countries, agencies, and scholars have become part of the research enterprise. There is ample opportunity for cooperation between them to be strengthened in the future. The results of keyword evolution generally indicate that the research on interbasin water transfers expanded from 1991 through 2014. The hydrological and eco-environmental impacts of the South-to-North Water Transfer/Diversion Project in China and the corresponding long-term monitoring and conservation strategy have become one of the top topics of attention.

The research on a novel preparation method for functional scaffolds from natural cellulose has attracted widespread attention in science and engineering. In order to obtain cellulose board which is similar to wood board in structure and mechanical properties, ice template, phase inversion under low temperature, and hot pressing were employed to fabricate board from natural cellulose. During preparation, ice template was used to control cellulose molecules arrange forming excellent orientation in the scaffold. Then, prepared scaffold was immersed in ethanol under −20 °C to remove salt ions used in cellulose resolve process, and keep the direction arrange of molecules in scaffold. Finally, prepared scaffold was treated by hot pressing for pushing off air in pores to form density board. Scanning electron microscopy image showed that prepared scaffold has directional cellulose arrange structure which was similar to that of wood. After hot pressing, the density of scaffold is increased. The mechanical properties of cellulose boards are enhanced with the increase of cellulose concentration, and the tensile strength can reach about 45 MPa, which has great potential in replacing natural wood boards. Our study provides new tactics for the use of natural cellulose in our life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study explored the potential connection between adenomyosis and pregnancy outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A study included data from a total of 1,208 pregnancies. The adenomyosis group included 334 pregnant women with adenomyosis, and women in the control group (n=874) had uncomplicated pregnancies. Data on pregnancy complications and maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared. RESULTS: The incidence of gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, and placenta previa was higher in the adenomyosis group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Adenomyosis was linked to a higher risk of postpartum hemorrhage (1,000-1,500 ml) but a lower risk of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (p<0.05). Diagnosis of adenomyosis correlated with increased incidence of low fetal weight (20.3% vs. 21.3%, p<0.05) and a low APGAR score at 1 min (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Adenomyosis correlated with a higher incidence of gestational hypertension, placenta previa, and gestational diabetes. At the same time, adenomyosis correlated with a significantly lower incidence of PROM compared to uncomplicated pregnancy. There was a significant increase in the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage and a higher risk of low fetal weight and lower APGAR score at 1 min in pregnancies with adenomyosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripheral coupled waveguide (PCW) design has been deployed in InGaAsP multiple quantum-well (MQW) electroabsorption modulator (EAM) at 1.55-mum wavelength. PCW enhances the optical saturation power and reduces the optical insertion loss and the equivalent V-pi simultaneously. A radio-frequency link using a 1.3-mm-long lumped-element PCW EAM has achieved experimentally a link gain of -3 dB, at 500 MHz and at input optical power of 80 mW. The corresponding two-tone multioctave spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) at the same bias is measured at 118 dB (.) Hz(2/3). The single-octave SFDR at the third-order null bias is 132 dB (.) Hz(4/5).

Objective To construct a radiomic model based on intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) for preoperative prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) differentiation and validate its clinical value. Methods Clinical and imaging data of 187 HCC patients who received surgical treatment in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June 2018 to January 2024 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. According to the postoperative pathological results, they were divided into low-differentiation group (n=58) and non-low-differentiation group (n=129), and randomly divided into the training group (n=149) and the validation group (n=38) with the ratio of 8 ∶2. Univariate analysis was used to assess the clinical indicators related to HCC differentiation, and then a clinical model was constructed. Pyramidimics software was used to extract the radiomic features of IVIM-DWI functional images, and minimum absolute contraction and selection operator logistic regression algorithm were employed to screen those highly correlated indicators with HCC differentiation. Support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR) and random forest (RF) algorithms were utilized to construct different image omics models. SVM algorithm was applied to construct the combined imaging omics and clinical model. The internal verification of the model was carried out by using ten-fold cross-validation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the diagnostic value and clinical benefits of clinical model, radiomic model, and their combination. Results A total of 4 060 radiological features were extracted, and after feature screening and dimensionality reduction, 24 features were finally included to construct the model. Among all models, the predictive performance of the radiomic model and the radiomic-clinical combined model was better than that of the clinical model. In the comparison between the radiomic model constructed by SVM algorithm and the radiomics-clinical combined model, the AUC value was 0.954 (0.908~1.000) for the former model, and was 0.943 (0.905~0.982) for the latter model in the training set, and there was no significant difference between them. In the validation set, the AUC value was 0.807 (0.640~0.975) and 0.876 (0.743~1.000), respectively, with statistical difference between the 2 models (P < 0.05). Calibration curve analysis showed that the radiomic model and the radiomics-clinical combined model had good goodness of fit. DCA indicated that the net benefit was higher and the threshold probability range was larger in both the radiomic model and the radiomics-clinical combined model, and the net benefit of the combined model was larger. Conclusion Both the radiomic model and the combined radiomics-clinical model constructed on the basis of IVIM-DWI functional images can better predict the severity of HCC differentiation before surgery.

To address the limitations of current deep learning-based methods in extracting contract bytecode features and representing vulnerability semantics, as well as the shortcomings of the traditional graph neural networks in learning temporal information from contract statements, a method for detecting vulnerabilities in contracts was proposed based on pre-trained and temporal graph neural network. Firstly, the pre-trained model was used to transform smart contract bytecode into a vulnerability semantics-aware contract graph structure. Then, combined with a self-attention mechanism, the event-driven temporal graph neural network was designed to extract temporal information during contract execution. Finally, focusing on reentrant vulnerabilities, timestamp dependency vulnerabilities, and Tx.origin authentication vulnerabilities, extensive experiments were conducted on a dataset of 120 932 actual contracts. The results show that the proposed method significantly outperforms existing approaches.

Abstract Background The initial randomized, double‐blinded, actively controlled, phase III ANEAS study (NCT03849768) demonstrated that aumolertinib showed superior efficacy relative to gefitinib as first‐line therapy in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutated advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Metastatic disease in the central nervous system (CNS) remains a challenge in the management of NSCLC. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of aumolertinib versus gefitinib among patients with baseline CNS metastases in the ANEAS study. Methods Eligible patients were enrolled and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to orally receive either aumolertinib or gefitinib in a double‐blinded fashion. Patients with asymptomatic, stable CNS metastases were included. Follow‐up imaging of the same modality as the initial CNS imaging was performed every 6 weeks for 15 months, then every 12 weeks. CNS response was assessed by a neuroradiological blinded, independent central review (neuroradiological‐BICR). The primary endpoint for this subgroup analysis was CNS progression‐free survival (PFS). Results Of the 429 patients enrolled and randomized in the ANEAS study, 106 patients were found to have CNS metastases (CNS Full Analysis Set, cFAS) at baseline by neuroradiological‐BICR, and 60 of them had CNS target lesions (CNS Evaluable for Response, cEFR). Treatment with aumolertinib significantly prolonged median CNS PFS compared with gefitinib in both cFAS (29.0 vs. 8.3 months; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17‐0.56; P < 0.001) and cEFR (29.0 vs. 8.3 months; HR = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.11‐0.57; P < 0.001). The confirmed CNS overall response rate in cEFR was 85.7% and 75.0% in patients treated with aumolertinib and gefitinib, respectively. Competing risk analysis showed that the estimated probability of CNS progression without prior non‐CNS progression or death was consistently lower with aumolertinib than with gefitinib in patients with and without CNS metastases at baseline. No new safety findings were observed. Conclusions These results indicate a potential advantage of aumolertinib over gefitinib in terms of CNS PFS and the risk of CNS progression in patients with EGFR‐mutated advanced NSCLC with baseline CNS metastases. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03849768

Abstract In this study, we investigated the metabolic behavior of the engineered Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 (pCD07239) strain during the acidogenic phase under varying glucose concentrations and pH conditions. Unlike the wild-type C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824, the engineered strain exhibited negligible butyrate production and simultaneous butanol production during the acidogenic phase under limited glucose condition of 25 g/L. Specifically, batch fermentations of the engineered strain with 25 g/L glucose at a pH of around 5.0 (initially uncontrolled) demonstrated butanol production of 2.99 g/L, while butyrate remained below 0.30 g/L. Separately, in batch fermentations at pH 6.0 with 90 g/L glucose, acetate production nearly doubled compared to fermentations at pH 5.0 with the same glucose concentrations, reaching a maximum concentration of 11.43 g/L, while butyrate production remained relatively low at 4.04 g/L. Under these pH 6.0 and 90 g/L glucose conditions, butanol production reached 9.86 g/L. These findings indicate that C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 (pCD07239) maintained low butyrate production, even under conditions favoring acidogenesis, and consistently produced butanol. Additionally, the negligible production of acetone at pH 6.0 further indicates that the traditional phase transition was not prominent, suggesting altered regulation mechanisms in the engineered strain. These findings highlight C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 (pCD07239) strain’s unique metabolic profile and its potential for efficient biobutanol production under diverse conditions.