Search

Approximately one-fifth of Virginians (about 1.7 million people) rely on private water supplies (e.g., wells, springs, cisterns) for their household water. Unlike public water systems, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) does not regulate private systems. As a result, private water system owners are solely responsible for system maintenance and water quality but are often unaware of common issues and lack access to objective information. We report on the development and evaluation of the Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP), an ongoing Virginia Cooperative Extension (VCE) program that provides affordable water testing and education about private water supply system maintenance and groundwater protection. A companion capacity-building program, the Virginia Master Well Owner Network (VAMWON), provides training to volunteers, agency collaborators, and VCE agents who support the goals and objectives of the VAHWQP by conducting VAHWQP drinking water clinics and other outreach efforts. Program assessment findings indicate that VAHWQP drinking water clinic participants regard this programming favorably and are taking recommended actions. We discuss the program assessment framework and continued efforts to improve these programs to achieve long-term behavioral changes regarding water testing and system maintenance, which will yield safer private water supplies and improved environmental stewardship.

A synthesis of the Late Palaeozoic to Cenozoic evolution of the Black Sea region and the southern parts of the East European Platform (EEP) is presented. During Carboniferous to Early Permian times the Cordillera-type Euxinus Orogen evolved along the southern margin of the EEP in response to progressive closure of the Rheic and Palaeotethys oceans and the accretion of Gondwana-derived continental terranes. Permian development of the north-dipping Palaeotethys subduction system along the southern Pontides margin of these terranes was accompanied by important compressional intraplate deformation on the EEP. The Mesozoic to Palaeogene evolution of the southern parts of the EEP, was goverened by closure of Palaeotethys, accretion of the Gondwana-derived Cimmerian terrane and gradual closure of the Neotethys, involving repeated opening and closure of back-arc basins. Five discrete tectonic subduction-related cycles are recognized, each commencing with back-arc extension and terminated with back-arc compression. The timing of these cycles is: (1) latest Permian to Hettangian, (2) Sinemurian to early Callovian, (3) late Callovian to Berriasian, (4) Valanginian to Paleocene and (5) Eocene to Recent. The duration of the individual cycles was of the order of 30-50 My. During back-arc extension, rifted basins developed along the southern margin of the EEP whilst during back-arc compression compressional stresses were exerted on it, albeit at varying levels during the different tectonic cycles. On the EEP, Late Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic intraplate tectonics are expressed by such phenomena as rifting, extrusion of plateau basalts, inversion of pre-existing tensional basins, gentle lithospheric folding, regional uplift and subsidence.

On January 25, 2007, an Indian Health Service (IHS) unit notified the Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS) of five symptomatic syphilis cases (i.e., primary or secondary syphilis) that had occurred in members of a Southwest Indian Nation during the previous 6 months. By mid-April, three more cases had been identified. On April 18, 2007, the tribe declared an outbreak of syphilis and subsequently requested public health assistance from county, state, and federal agencies. On July 10, an enhanced, coordinated multiagency response to the outbreak began, involving tribal and Pima County health departments, IHS, ADHS, and CDC. This report summarizes the enhanced outbreak response, which identified a total of 106 cases of syphilis with onset from January 2007 to June 2009, including six congenital cases (two of them stillbirths). Initial communication gaps led to delays in response to this outbreak, but communication was improved through the formation of an outbreak response group that included members from county, state, and tribal health departments and IHS. For similar outbreaks in American Indian tribes, where various public health jurisdictions exist and often have concurrent responsibilities, formation of an outbreak response group can improve control efforts.

Erkenntnisse aus dem "Bericht über die pädagogischen Rekrutenprüfungen 1986", Eidgenössische Drucksachen- und Materialzentrale Bern, 1987

Election du president et du premier vice-president Report on the election of the president and the 1st vice-president of the International Association of History Didactics

Ergebnisse der Vorstandswahlen 1990 der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Geschichtsdidaktik Elections of the board and of the chairmen in 1990

Protokoll über die Wahl von 7 Mitgliedern des Vorstandes und Aufruf zur Wahl des Präsidenten und des Vizepräsidenten der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Geschichtsdidaktik

Referat, gehalten am 10. Internationalen Lehrplan- und Lehrmittelgespräch in Innsbruck, 30. April bis 2. Mai 1987

Der Lehrplan 1992 für die Volksschule des Kantons Zürich

L'enseignement de l'histoire au canton de Zurich en Suisse

Geschichtsunterricht in der obligatorischen Volksschule und in der Lehrerausbildung des Kantons Zürich

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Darstellung neuer Oxidnitrate und ihrem gezielten Einsatz als Precursoren für die Herstellung der supraleitfähigen Bismutcuprate (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Can-1CunO2n+4+z, insbesondere des technisch wichtigen Hochtemperatursupraleiters (Bi,Pb)-2223. Es wird beschrieben, dass es möglich ist, in nitrathaltigen Gemischen die neuen Bismut-Erdalkali-Oxidnitrate bei Temperaturen um 480-500 °C zu stabilisieren. Es wird außerdem gezeigt, dass durch die Bildung und Stabilisierung solcher Oxidnitrate im weiteren Reaktionsverlauf bei höheren Temperaturen ab 700 °C die Bildung von unerwünschten Bi-Sr-Ca-Oxiden unterdrückt bzw. verlangsamt wird. Im Folgenden wird die gezielte Synthese und Charakterisierung der neuen Oxidnitrate BiMO2NO3 beschrieben, wobei neben den als Precursoren der Bismutcuprate wichtigen Verbindungen mit M = Pb, Ca und Sr auch BiBaO2NO3 dargestellt und charakterisiert wurde. Die Strukturen der Oxidnitrate, die auf Basis der Daten der Röntgenpulverdiffraktometrie gelöst und verfeinert wurden, bestehen aus abwechselnden [BiMO2]+ und [NO3]--Schichten. Sie werden mit einer ihnen strukturell eng verwandten Reihe von Oxidhalogeniden verglichen, den nach ihrem Entdecker benannten Sillén-Phasen. Um einphasige und kristalline Produkte darzustellen und die Bildung von Oxiden zu vermeiden, wurden die Darstellungen in nitrosen Gasatmosphären durchgeführt, wodurch auch erstmals das Oxidnitrat Bi5O7NO3 dargestellt und charakterisiert werden konnte. Auf die Nutzung der Oxidnitrate BiMO2NO3 (mit M = Pb, Ca, Sr) als Bestandteile nitrathaltiger Precursoren für die Bismutcuprate (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Can-1CunO2n+4+z wird ausführlich eingegangen. Im Unterschied zu konventionellen Kalzinierungsmethoden, die an Luft stattfinden, erfolgten auch hier die Reaktionen teilweise in nitrosen Gasatmosphären, um die intermediäre Bildung und Stabilisierung von BiMO2NO3 zu gewährleisten und die Bildung zahlreicher, meist unerwünschter Oxide zu unterdrücken. Die Darstellung aller drei Bismutcuprate (untersucht wurden Bi-2201, Bi-2212, (Bi,Pb)-2212 und (Bi,Pb)-2223) folgt ähnlichen Reaktionsmechanismen, welche über nitrathaltige Vorstufen verlaufen. In this work, newly synthesized and structurally characterized oxide nitrates are presented and discussed as precursors in a novel synthesis route for the superconducting bismuth cuprates (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Can-1CunO2n+4+z, especially the important high temperature superconductor (Bi,Pb)-2223. It is shown that it is possible to stabilize the new bismuth-earth alkaline-oxide nitrates at temperatures between 480 and 500 °C in nitrous mixtures. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the formation and stabilization of these oxide nitrates leads to suppression of unwanted Bi-Sr-Ca oxides during the further reaction steps at temperatures of 700 °C and higher. Afterwards, the synthesis and characterization of the new oxide nitrates BiMO2NO3 is described. In addition to the precursors for the bismuth cuprates with M = Pb, Ca and Sr, BiBaO2NO3 has also been synthesized and characterized. The structures of the oxide nitrates, which have been calculated and refined using data from X-Ray powder diffraction measurements, consist of alternating [BiMO2]+ and [NO3]- layers. They are compared with a structurally closely related series of oxide halogenides, which are called Sillén phases. To synthesize crystalline, single phase products and to avoid the formation of oxides, the syntheses were done in atmospheres of nitrous gases. In the same way, the oxide nitrate Bi5O7NO3 has been synthesized and characterized for the first time. The use of the oxide nitrates BiMO2NO3 (with M = Pb, Ca, Sr) as components of nitrous precursors for the bismuth cuprates (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Can-1CunO2n+4+z is described in detail. Unlike conventional calcination methods that take place in air, the reactions partly took place in atmospheres of nitrous gases to support the intermediate formation and stabilization of BiMO2NO3 and to suppress the formation of numerous unwanted oxides. The syntheses of all three bismuth cuprates (Bi-2201, Bi-2212, (Bi,Pb)-2212 and (Bi,Pb)-2223 have been examined) follow similar reaction mechanisms, which include nitrous preliminary stages.

Anpassungen im neusten Entwurf von «Basel II», die im Hinblick auf die Gewährung von Krediten an KMU vorgenommen wurden, haben in der Schweiz keine wirklichen Erleichterungen gegenüber dem ursprünglich vorgeschlagenen Regelwerk zur Folge.