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The arrangement of textile sewing patterns for cutting aims to minimize the amount of residual material, which in most cases is unusable and discarded. This paper proposes criteria for evaluating software products for arranging elements that are suitable for textile production. These criteria are related to the degree of use of the material, the overall efficiency of the algorithms, and the time for their execution. Data on dress, coat, and blouse were used. A software tool for complex, express, automated evaluation of algorithms for arranging elements has been developed, including software modules for research, analysis, and categorization of software products. Acomparative analysis is made of software products for arranging cutting elements, depending on their use and availability. It has been found that the choice of appropriate software for arranging elements depends on the complexity of the items to be arranged and on what evaluation criterion is appropriate for the respective production of garment patterns. The obtained results can be used to develop systems to evaluate the performance of algorithms and software tools. Also, they can be used in the training of future specialists in the subject area.

The use of free pectinases as clarification biocatalysts constitutes a well-established practice in the large-scale production of various types of wines. However, when in the form of free enzymes, the recovery and reusability of pectinases is difficult if not impossible. To address these limitations, the present study focuses on the noncovalent adsorption immobilization of a commercial pectinolytic preparation onto highly porous polyamide 6 (PA6) microparticles, both with and without magnetic properties, prepared via activated anionic polymerization. The two pectinase complexes resulting after immobilization underwent comparative activity and kinetic studies, contrasting them with the free enzyme preparation. In comparison with the free enzyme, the PA6-immobilized pectinase complexes exhibited more than double the specific activity toward the pectin substrate. They displayed a slightly higher affinity to the substrate while acting as faster catalysts that were more resistant to inhibition. Furthermore, the immobilized complexes were applied in the clarification process of industrial rosé must, whereby they demonstrated accelerated performance as compared with the free enzyme. Moreover, the PA6-immobilized pectinase biocatalysts offered the potential for three consecutive cycles of reuse, achieving complete rosé must clarification within relevant timeframes in the range of 3–36 h. All these results suggest the potential industrial application of the pectinases noncovalently immobilized upon PA6 microparticles.

Aim: The aim of the present research is to establish the frequency and methods of cleaning used by patients with complete dentures. Material and Methods: A survey was conducted between 2016 and 2019 among 96 patients (54 female and 42 male). This study was carried out at the faculty of dental medicine, Medical University – Sofia, during the students’ classes in Clinical Prosthetic Dental Medicine and Oral Surgery. A survey card was prepared, including questions addressing the period of total edentulism, a periodor rehabilitation with complete dentures, methods and frequency of cleaning and types of hygienic products used by the compete denture wearers. Descriptive statistics, graphical analysis, chi-square test and correlation analysis were computed in R. Results: Only 12 % of the respondents clean their dentures properly. Nearly 60% of the patients report a widespread but incorrect cleaning method using toothbrushesnd toothpaste, and more than 25% use inappropriate, old, and disregarded hygienic means. 65% clean their dentures twice per day. The research showed a strong positive correlation between age and the time wearing dentures. Conclusion: The findings from the current survey suggest that complete denture wearers are either unaware or negligible towards the proper maintenance of their prostheses.

Aim: The aim of the present research is to characterize the morphological features of the upper and lower jaws in cases of completely edentulous patients. Materials and methods: For the purpose of this study, 96 patients aged 49-88 were examined between 2016-2019. The research was conducted during the practical classes in prosthetic dental medicine and oral and maxilla-facial surgery at the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University - Sofia. The study methods included an individual interview, observation, palpation, and clinical and laboratory measurements. The results were collected in pre-made patient cards. The investigated variables were age, gender, stage of atrophy, the morphological features of the alveolar ridge, and the total period of edentulism and denture usage. Results:The results of the research showed that the second degree of atrophy is the most prevalent condition for both jaws. The third degree of atrophy was associated with the lower jaw but rarely occurred in the upper. The vestibular inclination was typical for the maxillary, frontal alveolar ridge, whereas, in the distal areas, the edentulous ridge was predominantly vertical. The vertical slope of the ridge was prevalent in the three examined areas on the lower jaw. Unequal and asymmetric alveolar ridges were more frequent in the mandible. An association between the time being edentulous and the degree of atrophy was observed in both jaws.

Aim: The aim of the present research is to assess the distribution of the alveolar ridge height (ARH) and compare the values obtained intraorally and from plaster, master-casts poured from two-step final impressions. Materials and methods: For the purpose of this study, 96 patients aged 49-88 were examined between 2016-2019. The research was conducted during the practical classes in prosthetic dental medicine and oral and maxillo-facial surgery at the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University - Sofia. The study methods included an individual interview, observation, palpation, and clinical and laboratory measurements of the ARH in predefined locations. The results were collected in pre-made patientcards. The investigated variables were age, gender, and height of the alveolar ridges in the frontal and distal areas for the upper and lower jaws. Results: The intra oral measurements showed a mean 8.64±2.6mm height of the entire upper jaw with the highest average value obtained in the frontal area – 9.48±2.67 mm. Both distal areas were with comparable heights, demonstrating similar results to the frontal segment, which suggests equability in the atrophic maxilla for our sample. For the entire lower jaw, the intraoral measurements showed a mean score of 4.32±2.09 mm. A similar tendency was observed for the frontal – 5.08±2.20 mm and both distal areas, but with a more pronounced difference between them. There was a significant difference between the intra- and extra-oral measurements averaging at 0.77±68 mm across all values.

Recent cognitive science research suggests that occasional “blindness” to choice manipulations indicates a lack of awareness in choice making. This claim is based on participants’ tendency not to detect choice manipulations and the similarity between their justifications for choices they made and those they were tricked into believing they made. Using a cognitive-semiotic framework, we argue that such conclusions underestimate the embodied, intersubjective nature of human meaning-making. We support this by investigating choice awareness beyond language to include non-verbal behavior. Forty-one participants were asked to choose from pairs of photographs of human faces the one they found most attractive and then to justify their choices, without knowing that for some of the trials they were asked to justify a choice that they had not made. Verbal responses were categorized as (i) non-manipulated, (ii) detected manipulated, and (iii) undetected manipulated trials. Bodily expressions, assessed using five different Categories of Bodily Expression (CBE): Adaptors, Torso, Head, Face and Hand expressions, revealed differences in: (a) duration, (b) rates of occurrence and (c) variety of the CBEs across trials. Thus, even when manipulations were not verbally detected, participants took longer to assess choices, showed increased bodily expressions, and engaged more body parts in undetected manipulations compared to non-manipulated choice trials. This suggests a degree of awareness to the choice manipulation, even if pre-reflective, manifested in participants’ bodily expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of adding varying concentrations (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%) of chia seeds on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of oat-based yogurt fortified with 2% honey. The research analyzed changes in pH, titratable acidity, water-holding capacity (WHC), dry matter content, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity over a 7-day storage period. The pH values ranged from 4.33 ± 0.01 to 4.57 ± 0.01, with no significant impact observed due to chia seed addition. Titratable acidity increased most rapidly in the 9% chia seed sample, particularly between days 5 and 7. WHC significantly improved with higher chia seed concentrations, with the 9% chia sample reaching 99.9 ± 0.07% compared with 69.9 ± 0.12% in the control. Dry matter content showed a similar trend, with the highest increase observed in the 9% chia sample. TPC and antioxidant activity were positively correlated with chia seed concentration and storage time, with the 9% chia sample exhibiting the highest values on day 7. Sensory evaluation revealed that the 3% chia seed concentration was most preferred by panelists for its balanced texture and flavor. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) highlighted the clustering of higher chia concentrations with improved functional properties. This study presents novel insights into the impact of varying concentrations of chia seeds on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant potential of oat-based yogurt, specifically fortified with honey, contributing to the development of functional plant-based dairy alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Contemporary mass media frequently depict 3D printing as a technology with widespread utilization in the creation of dental prosthetics. This paper endeavors to provide an evidence-based assessment of the current scope of 3D printing’s integration within dental laboratories and practices. Its primary objective is to offer a systematic evaluation of the existing applications of 3D-printing technology within the realm of dental prosthetic restorations. Furthermore, this article delves into potential prospects, while also critically examining the sustained relevance of conventional dental laboratory services and manufacturing procedures. The central focus of this article is to expound upon the extent to which 3D printing is presently harnessed for crafting dental prosthetic appliances. By presenting verifiable data and factual insights, this article aspires to elucidate the actual implementation of 3D printing in prosthetic dentistry and its seamless integration into dental practices. The aim of this narrative review is twofold: firstly, to provide an informed and unbiased evaluation of the role that 3D printing currently plays within dental laboratories and practices; and secondly, to instigate contemplation on the transformative potential of this technology, both in terms of its contemporary impact and its future implications, while maintaining a balanced consideration of traditional dental approaches.

Here we review the knowledge on the local biological immunological response (formation of “pseudo periosteum” of the host) to two types of nonresorbable membranes used in the horizontal and vertical alveolar ridge augmentation: the titanium-reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and the titanium mesh membrane. A literature search was conducted including available in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies on cellular and molecular immunological response to these two types of nonresorbable membranes, in particular the formation of “pseudo periosteum”.Emerging data demonstrates that despite barrier membranes being considered as bioinert, they still elicit an immunological response from the body. The outcome of this reaction is the formation of a thin fibrous capsule referred to as “pseudo periosteum”.There are almost no biomaterials that are truly bioinert and this makes no exception for the nonresorbable membranes used in the guided bone regeneration. This iatrogenically made tissue is hypothesized to have a number of advantages and drawbacks. However, more research is needed in that area to truly understand its nature and importance to the guided bone regeneration process.

The application of the principles of sustainable fashion is one of the solutions to reduce the amount of waste from textile production and the use of such fabrics. Spectrophotometric methods have effective application in this subject area. In the present work, an analysis of known methods and approaches applied so far using the techniques of spectral analysis. The proposed methods and procedures lead to improvement and facilitation of the process of classification of textile fibers in sorting and recycling of textile fabrics, in order to implement in automated systems. The proposed analysis tools do not require high cost equipment and complex calculation procedures. They can be implemented in portable devices and microprocessor-based recognition systems. It has been found that two principal components and two latent variables are sufficient to describe the variance in the data. This significantly reduces the amount of data used to analyze textile fibers by their spectral characteristics. It has been shown that the accuracy of textile fiber classification does not depend on the type of separation function of the classifier used. This accuracy depends on the spectral characteristics used, the method for reducing the volume of data, and the type of classifier. The obtained results can be used in the development of recognition systems for sorting textile fabrics depending on the composition of their fibers. In this way, the principles of sustainable fashion will be effectively applied. Also, the proposed methods and tools can be used in the training of future specialists in the subject area.

We present a cognitive semiotic case study of the narrative potential of the statue Den lille Havfrue (‘the little mermaid’) by Edvard Eriksen in Copenhagen. On the basis of theoretical analysis and a survey in which 20 European and 19 Chinese participants replied to questions concerning this statue we argue that it, and similar statues, may be considered as products of intersemiotic translation, but only if we dispense with any requirements of “equivalence” between source and target, since statues are necessarily semiotically highly reduced. While the source narratives constitute cases of primary narrativity, with narrations providing the audiences with stories, statues may partake only of secondary narrativity, where a prior story is needed for the statue to be understood as narration. In our study, this was reflected by correlations between reported prior knowledge and narrative (and possibly even non-narrative) interpretations of Den lille Havfrue. Finally, we relate the discussion to present-day cultural and political “settings”, where many statues, including Den lille Havfrue, have become part of a global anti-racism narrative.