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Conciliating recent findings from molecular genetics, evolutionary biology, and clinical observations together point to new understandings regarding the mechanism, development and the persistent worldwide prevalence of major mental disorders (MMDs), which should be considered the result of an evolutionary downside trade off. Temperamental/trait variability, by facilitating choices for individual and group responses, confers robustness flexibility and resilience crucial to success of our species. Extreme temperamental variants, originating evolutionarily from the asocial aspect of human nature, also constitute the premorbid personality of the disorders. The latter create vulnerable individuals out of whom some will develop MMDs but at much higher rate to that of the general population. Significantly, similar temperamental “lopsidedness” enables many of these vulnerable individuals, if intelligent, tenacious, and curious, to be creative and contribute to our survival while some may also develop MMDs. All have a common neural-developmental origin and share characteristics in their clinical expression and pharmacological responses also expressed as mixed syndromes or alternating ones over time. Over-pruning of synaptic neurons may be considered the trigger of such occurrences or conversely, the failure to prevent them in spite of it. The symptoms of the major mental disorders are made up of antithetical substitutes as an expression of a disturbed over-all synchronizing property of brain function for all higher faculties previously unconsidered in their modeling. The concomitant presence of psychosis is a generic common occurrence.

The article is devoted to the analysis of fear as a phenomenon of public consciousness. In Soviet and then Russian science, the theory of social consciousness prevailed for a long time, highlighting levels of reflection of reality, forms of social consciousness, as well as its scope. From the standpoint of this theory, fears and anxieties can be considered from the point of view of the correlation of rational and emotional, theoretical and everyday levels, ideology, science and social psychology, the hierarchy of forms of social consciousness, which changes in different historical periods of the development of society. The author does not reject this approach but proposes to synthesize his ideas and positions into the concept of ‘real public consciousness’ (a really functioning consciousness) put forward within the sociology of life by Zh. T. Toschenko. Based on the concept of real public consciousness, the following aspects of the study are highlighted — analysis of fears and anxieties as elements of public consciousness interconnected with other elements; studying the ratio of different types of fears in the set of anxieties and concerns of a particular society; identifying the relationship of social fears with the objective conditions of society; the study of fears and anxieties from the point of view of their relationship with the real behavior of individuals and groups in real life conditions. As a phenomenon of real public consciousness, fears and anxieties can be considered as one of the indicators of the current state of social life. The development of a theoretical model for analyzing fears and anxieties as phenomena of a truly functioning public consciousness allows us to create a basis for its empirical research.

This present study aims to investigate factors contributing to the first-year students’ anxiety in English speaking class. This study aimed to answer two research questions, “What factors contribute to senior high school first-year students’ speaking anxiety in English-speaking class?” and “How do students cope with their anxiety?”. The participants of this study were 32 first-year senior high sclool students. They were asked to complete the questionnaire to determine their anxiety and how they coped with their anxiety. This study found that students showed 6 possible source of anxietytheir. In addition, these anxious students also mentioned their strategies related to their anxiety. Thus, this study might inform the students about how to cope with their anxieties in English speaking class and teachers will be more aware and able to support students in coping with their anxiety

Though picture books of Etz（ 1895-1985） have been considered warm and tender, they contain senses of anxieties and grief.Etz's anxieties and grief are related to wars.A boy and animals in In the Forest（ 1944） are marching like an army, and he andhis father vanish into the forest as if they are gone. The hollow tree has an ear to spy them. A seal in Oley , the Sea monster（ 1947） is like a conscript boy, being totally at aloss in an alienated place. The car in Little Old Automobile（ 1948） may be a fugitive soldier. He goes his own way and getsforfeited of girl and barbed-wire fences. Those grief against wars can be related to Etz’ loss experience of her first husbandduring the war.

John Bristow is the minor character in the novel The Cuckoo’s Calling who has a problem with his decision in satisfying his id and superego. He is an ordinary man who has a job, family and girlfriend. However, his jealousy to his brother and sister forces him to kill them. This study focuses on analyzing the characterization of John Bristow, how his ego manages his id and superego and how anxieties appear as the effects of the problem. The aim of this paper is to examine the motif that leads John kills his step brother and sister. Psychology theory by Sigmund Freud is applied to analyze the character’s psychological problem. Perspective from Al-Qur’an is used to examine the reflection of Qabil’s character in the story of Habil and Qabil to John Bristow’s.

Background: Dental anxiety is a relatively frequent problem that can lead to more serious problems such as a child entering a vicious cycle as he/she becomes reluctant to accept the required dental treatments. The aim of this randomized double-blind clinical trial study was to evaluate the anxiolytic and sedative effect of pregabalin in children. Materials and Methods: Twenty-fi ve children were randomized to a double-blind placebocontrolled crossover clinical trial. Two visits were scheduled for each patient. At the fi rst visit, 75 mg pregabalin or placebo was given randomly, and the alternative was administered at the next visit. Anxiolytic and sedative effects were measured using the visual analogue scale. The child’s behavior was rated with the Frankl behavioral rating scale and the sedation level during the dental procedure was scored using the Ramsay sedation scale. The unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t-test was used to compare the mean changes of visual analog scale (VAS) for anxiety in the pregabalin group with that of the placebo group. A repeated measures MANOVA model was used to detect differences in sedation level in the pregabalin and placebo groups regarding the interaction of 3-time measurements; sub-group analysis was performed using Student’s t-test. The Mann–Whitney U-test was used to analyze the nonparametric data of the Frankl and Ramsay scales. A P < 0.05 was considered signifi cant. Results: The reduction of the VAS-anxiety score from 2 h post-dose was statistically signifi cant in the pregabalin group. From 2 h to 4 h post-dose, the VAS-sedation score increased signifi cantly in the pregabalin group. The child’s behavior rating was not signifi cantly different between the groups. The number of “successful” treatment visits was higher in the pregabalin group compared to the placebo group. Conclusion: Signifi cant anxiolytic and sedative effects can be anticipated 2 h after oral administration of pregabalin without serious side effects. Key Words: Anxieties, dental anxiety, sedatives

本研究は、慢性疾患患児を持つ母親の退院後の不安とその特徴を明らかにする目的で、小児科病棟を退院した患児の母親10名を対象に、退院1週間後と退院1ヵ月後に2回半構成的面接を行った。分析は、Krippendorff(1980)の内容分析法を用いた。結果、退院1週間後は【病気に関する事】【患児の将来に関する事】【日常生活に関する事】の3カテゴリー、退院1ヵ月後は【病気に関する事】【患児の将来に関する事】の2カテゴリーが抽出された。両時期のデータを比較したところ、退院1週間後の母親の特徴としては、漠然とした不安を多く抱えていること、退院1ヵ月後の母親の特徴として、行動範囲が広がったことによる不安が生じることが明らかとなった。以上の結果から、退院1週間後の母親には不安を表出できる場の提供とゆっくりと話を聞くこと、退院1ヵ月後の母親には不安の解消を図るために個々のニーズに応じた情報提供や具体策の提案が必要であることが示唆された。

Breathing is not a common subject in feminist studies. Breathing Matters introduces this phenomenon as a forceful potentiality for feminist intersectional theories, politics, and social and environmental justice. By analyzing the material and discursive as well as the natural and cultural enactments of breath in black lung disease, phone sex work, and anxieties and panic attacks, Breathing Matters proposes a nonuniversalizing and politicized understanding of embodiment. In this approach, human bodies are onceptualized as agential actors of intersectional politics. Magdalena Górska argues that struggles for breath and for breathable lives are matters of differential forms of political practices in which vulnerable and quotidian corpomaterial and corpo-affective actions are constitutive of politics. Set in the context of feminist poststructuralist and new materialist and postconstructionist debates, Breathing Matters offers a discussion of human embodiment and agency reconfigured in a posthumanist manner. Its interdisciplinary analytical practice demonstrates that breathing is a phenomenon that is important to study from scientific, medical, political, environmental and social perspectives. Andning är inte ett vanligt förekommande ämne inom feministiska studier. Breathing Matters introducerar detta fenomen som har en potential för feministiska intersektionella teorier, politik, social rättvisa och klimaträttvisa. Genom analyser av materiella, diskursiva, naturliga och kulturella dimensioner av andningens formationer, i sjukdomen pneumokonios, telefonsexarbete samt ångest och panikattacker, föreslår Breathing Matters en icke-universialiserande och politiserad förståelse av förkroppsligande. Genom denna ansats konceptualiseras mänskliga kroppar som agentiella aktörer i en intersektionell politik. Magdalena Górska argumenterar att kampen för att andas och för andningsbara liv är ett angeläget ämne för differentiella former av politisk praktik. Denna sårbara och vardagliga praktik som både består av kroppsmateriella och kroppsaffektiva handlingar konstituerar politik. Placerad i en kontext av feminist poststrukturalistisk, nymaterialistisk och postkonstruktivistisk debatt erbjuder Breathing Matters en diskussion kring mänskligt förkroppsligande och agentskap som är omkonfigurerad på ett posthumanistiskt sätt. Den tvärvetenskapliga analytiska praktiken visar att andning är ett fenomen som är viktigt att studera från vetenskapliga, medicinska, politiska, miljömässiga och sociala perspektiv.

本研究の目的は，第1子の母親の子育て不安の実態とソーシャルサポートの現状を明らかにし，支援について検討することである。A市に在住し，平成18年4月～ 9月に第1子を出産した母親に対し，新生児訪問指導時(以下訪問時) と4か月児健康診査時(以下健診時) に質問紙調査を行った。健診時は訪問時に比べて子育て不安「有り」の割合や一人の母親が抱える不安の数は減少し，多くの項目で不安と感じる母親の割合も減少していたが，｢離乳食｣は有意に増加していた。子育ての相談相手は訪問時と健診時共に｢自分の母｣に次いで｢夫｣が多かったが，健診時には夫と共に子育てをしているという実感は有意に減少していた。訪問時と健診時のいずれにおいても，母親であることを肯定的に捉えている者がほとんどで，否定的に捉えている者は少なかった。保健師の支援においては，変化する子育て不安に対応する予防的支援，母親自身の生き方や価値観というような事柄にも目を向けた支援，夫や家族・地域の人々との関係形成への支援が必要と考えられる。|The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual situation of child-care anxieties of new mothers and to consider how to support them. When a mother, living in the city of A who gave birth to a baby between April and September, 2006, received an advice visit for the new-born infant and medical checkup at 4 months years old, research was conducted. The medical checkup, compared to the fi rst visit, showed that the ratio of child-care anxieties and the worries of each mother decreased. Baby food increased signifi cantly although the ratio of mothers who had anxieties decreased in most of the itemized lists. The adviser for child-care was their own mothers followed by their husbands both in the first visit and the medical checkup. However, the actual feeling that the mother is raising her child with her husband decreased significantly in the medical checkup. Most of the mothers took their role positively and only a few took their role negatively. As for supporting public health nurses, the following is considered to be necessary: preventive support to deal with child care anxiety, support regarding also the way of life and perspective of the mother, and support to create relationship between the partner, family and the community., 報告|Reports

本研究の目的は，第1子の母親の子育て不安の実態とソーシャルサポートの現状を明らかにし，支援について検討することである。A市に在住し，平成18年4月～ 9月に第1子を出産した母親に対し，新生児訪問指導時(以下訪問時) と4か月児健康診査時(以下健診時) に質問紙調査を行った。健診時は訪問時に比べて子育て不安「有り」の割合や一人の母親が抱える不安の数は減少し，多くの項目で不安と感じる母親の割合も減少していたが，｢離乳食｣は有意に増加していた。子育ての相談相手は訪問時と健診時共に｢自分の母｣に次いで｢夫｣が多かったが，健診時には夫と共に子育てをしているという実感は有意に減少していた。訪問時と健診時のいずれにおいても，母親であることを肯定的に捉えている者がほとんどで，否定的に捉えている者は少なかった。保健師の支援においては，変化する子育て不安に対応する予防的支援，母親自身の生き方や価値観というような事柄にも目を向けた支援，夫や家族・地域の人々との関係形成への支援が必要と考えられる。, The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual situation of child-care anxieties of new mothers and to consider how to support them. When a mother, living in the city of A who gave birth to a baby between April and September, 2006, received an advice visit for the new-born infant and medical checkup at 4 months years old, research was conducted. The medical checkup, compared to the fi rst visit, showed that the ratio of child-care anxieties and the worries of each mother decreased. Baby food increased signifi cantly although the ratio of mothers who had anxieties decreased in most of the itemized lists. The adviser for child-care was their own mothers followed by their husbands both in the first visit and the medical checkup. However, the actual feeling that the mother is raising her child with her husband decreased significantly in the medical checkup. Most of the mothers took their role positively and only a few took their role negatively. As for supporting public health nurses, the following is considered to be necessary: preventive support to deal with child care anxiety, support regarding also the way of life and perspective of the mother, and support to create relationship between the partner, family and the community., 報告, Reports

World Conference on Educational Technology Researches (WCETR) -- JUL 05-09, 2011 -- East Univ, Nicosia, CYPRUS WOS: 000299618300029 The objective of this study is to determine what kind of a relationship exists between the interaction and audience anxiety levels of adults and internet addiction. The study was performed in the scanning model and is considered as a descriptive research. 384 adults constitute the study group of this research. The research data was collected by using the Interaction and Audience Anxiety Scale and Internet Addiction Scale. As a result: Both the interaction and audience anxiety levels of adults are low. There is a positive correlation at a significant level between the interaction and audience anxiety levels and internet addiction. Gazi Univ, Cyprus Educ Sci Assoc

本研究は，療養者とその家族の退院に関連する療養生活への不安内容とその変化を明らかにすることを目的とし，病院から自宅退院する３事例の療養者と家族に対し在宅移行期の退院支援の開始時・退院直前・退院後において半構成的面接を実施した。分析の結果，在宅移行期における療養者の不安として【漠然とした不安】【食生活上の不安】【社会生活上の不安】【身体的な症状に関する不安】【在宅サービスに関する不安】【医療に関する不安】【病気に対する思い】【ボディーイメージの変容】【日常生活上の不安】の９カテゴリーが，家族の不安として【漠然とした不安】【食生活上の不安】【社会生活上の不安】【身体的な症状に関する不安】【在宅サービスに関する不安】【医療に関する不安】【急変に遭遇することへの不安】【急変時に対処できないことへの不安】【在宅での看取りに関する不安】【介護に関する不安】【日常生活上の不安】【療養者の死に遭遇することへの不安】【退院調整に関する問題】【家族の健康上の不安】の14カテゴリーが得られた。また【漠然とした不安】は，退院支援を受ける過程で徐々に具体的な不安へと変化することがわかった。, The purpose of this study was to understand the anxieties, and changes in the anxieties, of the clients and their families concerning life following their discharge. Three clients leaving the hospital and their families participated in the interview study.The analysis established 9 categories of the anxieties of the clients: vague anxieties, anxieties about eating habits, anxieties about life in society, anxieties about physical symptoms, anxieties about home care services, anxieties about medical care, feelings about the disease, change of body image, and anxieties about daily life; there were 14 categories of the anxieties of their families: vague anxieties, anxieties about eating habits, anxieties about life in society, anxieties about physical symptoms, anxieties about home care services, anxieties about medical care, anxieties of meeting a sudden turn for the worse, anxieties about inability to react to a sudden turn for the worse, anxieties about seeing the death of the client at the bedside, anxieties about nursing care, anxieties about daily life, anxieties about meeting the death of the client, problems in discharge coordination, and anxieties about the condition of the family. It was found that vague anxieties gradually changed to concrete anxieties during the process of receiving support for hospital discharge.

This study investigated the possibility of discerning differences between attachment patterns of pregnant women in some mental processes during the transition to motherhood. Participants were 335 primiparae, examined between 20 and 32 weeks of pregnancy. The revised version of Questionnaire for Attachment Assessment (UPIPAV-R) was used for the assessment of seven attachment dimensions. Cluster analysis, k means method, was employed for determining the general attachment pattern of the participants. Four clusters were identified: secure, fearful, preoccupied and dismissing. Maternal prenatal attachment, her anxieties about the prospective maternal role and her possibly dysfunctional expectations about the role of the child in her private and family life were assessed using scales developed for the purpose of the research. The hypothesis about differences of attachment patterns in examined mental processes of preparation for motherhood was confirmed by the results of discriminant analysis. All dimensions of maternal prenatal attachment are central for discriminating secure from fearful attachment pattern. All dimensions of possibly dysfunctional expectations are central for discriminating preoccupied from dismissing attachment patterns. Anxiety related to loss of freedom and no self-realization in the mother role has significant contribution to discriminating secure from fearful attachment pattern. The other two dimensions of anxiety, related to the 'difficult baby' and incompetence in mother role, are important for discriminating dismissing from preoccupied attachment patterns. .

Reading on digital devices has become a widely debated issue in mass media and academia. The dawn and consolidation of digital technology have made possible new devices for reading. In the Internet era, reading is not just a matter of books and paper. This loss of exclusiveness has generated different anxieties in many intellectuals, researchers, journalists, editors, and publishers related to the printing environment. An analysis of such uneasiness can provide clues about the hidden interests and misunderstandings implied in their arguments. Revealing anxious claims about digital devices can enlighten us about the multiple factors and interests involved in the act of reading.

In this paper, we presented an overview of composers diseases in the last five hundred years. The collected data were obtained from the biographies of more than ten thousand composers and over a thousand pathographies. It is the world’s largest processed sample so far. The diseases mentioned and their comorbidities had an impact on lives and work of composers (87). They have shortened their life span from just over sixty years average to approximately fifty years.

In their article "Electronic Literature and the Effects of Cyberspace on the Body" Maya Zalbidea and Xiana Sotelo discuss how new technologies are facilitating the emancipation of subjugated subjects aimed at transforming unequal social relations through an intersectional and performative approach. This perspective is discussed through the exploration of the so-called intersectional approach described by Berger and Guidroz, Haraway's situated knowledges, and Butler's performative agency based on transgressions. Framed within the posthuman, post-biological deconstruction of social and cultural hierarchies, Zalbidea and Sotelo argue for the value of a conjuncture between postcolonial post-modern/post-structuralist literature and the field of feminist cultural studies. Based on previous theories of gender and bodies in cyberspace, Zalbidea and Sotelo develop ideas about bodies, gender, and anxieties, and how these theories may be illustrated metaphorically in electronic literature and new media art works.

The objective of the present study was to examine the impact of a communication-oriented approach to disease and anxiety management in hospitals. Based on a five-step model of short-termed communication, we describe the importance of supportive relationships for health care staff, patients, and family members by means of selected examples. The study has wider implications for pastoral care.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a widely recognised psychiatric condition that can occur following a traumatic event. The secondary outcome measures were: severity of self-reported stress; depressive and anxiety symptoms using validated measures; PTSD diagnosis after treatment; and adverse effects such as amplified PTSD symptoms.