Search

Er is informatie geonventariseerd over maatschappelijke behoeften die in 2015-2020 waarschijnlijk spelen ten aanzien van de groene ruimte en over beheersystemen waarmee agrariërs kunnen inspelen op deze behoeften. Speciale aandacht is uitgegaan naar het effect van de beheersystemen op inkomens van agrariërs en naar de betekenis van de beheersystemen voor drie ruimtelijke kwaliteitsaspecten te weten economisch, sociaal en ecologisch. In totaal zijn twintig beheersystemen gesignaleerd. Zestien daarvan kunnen positief uitpakken voor het inkomen van agrariërs. Wel komen individuele verschillen voor tussen agrariërs met eenzelfde beheersysteem. Het effect van de beheersystemen op de ruimtelijke kwaliteitsaspecten wisselt. Slechts één systeem is voor alledrie de ruimtelijke kwaliteitsaspecten gunstig. Negen andere zijn voor twee aspecten gunstig en de tien overige voor slechts één aspect. Met een mix van beheersystemen kan op gebiedsniveau wel aan meerdere aspecten tegemoet worden gekomen. Het rapport sluit af met een aantal vragen voor vervolgonderzoek.

De toenemende omvang van agrarische bedrijven vergroot de kans dat meerdere huishoudingen van een bedrijf afhankelijk zijn. Het traditionele eenmansbedrijf wordt dan ook steeds vaker vervangen door complexere eigendomsstructuren. Het karakter van het agrarische gezinsbedrijf, waar de zaken aan de keukentafel worden besproken, blijft echter in de meeste gevallen bestaan

Several studies on households and individuals coping with disasters have been made. The Philippines, being a disaster prone area, has to grapple with the yearly damage caused by deluge or drought. The eruption of the Mt. Pinatubo in 1991 has the greatest toll to the country's economy because it did not only claim lives, properties, and resources at that time, but continues to do so up to the present day, which is why the disaster has been characterised as a lingering disaster. This study provides insight into the behaviour of individuals in a household faced with a disaster whose effects may carry through an indefinite period. The two major activities conducted to describe the effects of the disaster on household livelihood are the general household survey and the case study analysis.The former was done to obtain an understanding of the disaster situation. The micro but in-depth perspective was provided by case study analysis. In both activities, information of the 'before' and 'after' situations were the basis of observations.As the study shows, the disaster significantly affected the major livelihood sources of the households.Lahar-laden fields made rice farming difficult because of poor soil structure. It made aquaculture and sustenance fishing impractical because of too much deposition of lahar, and livestock raising unfeasible because of lack of pasture. The change in cropping calendar and ecology indicate the changed situation. The changed natural resource base has a corresponding implications for the socio-cultural resources of the households. When households are under stress, negotiation becomes all the more important. The moral dimension of the household economy and kinship relations becomes more prominent and transcends kinship relationships. The social network of an individual or household becomes the source of support, while reciprocity being in the hub of this support system.Households beset by a disaster are eclectic. As the case studies show, household respond to the changed situation through several mechanisms that are honed through time making these adaptive. Households cope by altering their production management like adjusting their cropping calendar and diversifying crops and mobilising available resources like the forest and other traditional forms of livelihood/food system. Household membership tends to become very loose in a situation of a crisis. The manipulation of social relations and household membership has become a significant form of coping. Negotiations over work and other domestic responsibilities and migration of household members appeared to be part of the available coping strategies. These strategies to attain a secure livelihood do not always represent clear-cut,mutually exclusive alternatives.Outside intervention like government support in crisis situations should not just contend with emergency relief. Because disasters result in entitlement destruction, an intervention that allows for 'entitlement protection' is essential in the case of a continuing type of a disaster. Responsive disaster management articulates the need to know and understand the situation, and a genuine support programme is sensitive to the plight of vulnerable groups like women and the elderly.

Several studies on households and individuals coping with disasters have been made. The Philippines, being a disaster prone area, has to grapple with the yearly damage caused by deluge or drought. The eruption of the Mt. Pinatubo in 1991 has the greatest toll to the country's economy because it did not only claim lives, properties, and resources at that time, but continues to do so up to the present day, which is why the disaster has been characterised as a lingering disaster. This study provides insight into the behaviour of individuals in a household faced with a disaster whose effects may carry through an indefinite period. The two major activities conducted to describe the effects of the disaster on household livelihood are the general household survey and the case study analysis.The former was done to obtain an understanding of the disaster situation. The micro but in-depth perspective was provided by case study analysis. In both activities, information of the 'before' and 'after' situations were the basis of observations.As the study shows, the disaster significantly affected the major livelihood sources of the households.Lahar-laden fields made rice farming difficult because of poor soil structure. It made aquaculture and sustenance fishing impractical because of too much deposition of lahar, and livestock raising unfeasible because of lack of pasture. The change in cropping calendar and ecology indicate the changed situation. The changed natural resource base has a corresponding implications for the socio-cultural resources of the households. When households are under stress, negotiation becomes all the more important. The moral dimension of the household economy and kinship relations becomes more prominent and transcends kinship relationships. The social network of an individual or household becomes the source of support, while reciprocity being in the hub of this support system.Households beset by a disaster are eclectic. As the case studies show, household respond to the changed situation through several mechanisms that are honed through time making these adaptive. Households cope by altering their production management like adjusting their cropping calendar and diversifying crops and mobilising available resources like the forest and other traditional forms of livelihood/food system. Household membership tends to become very loose in a situation of a crisis. The manipulation of social relations and household membership has become a significant form of coping. Negotiations over work and other domestic responsibilities and migration of household members appeared to be part of the available coping strategies. These strategies to attain a secure livelihood do not always represent clear-cut,mutually exclusive alternatives.Outside intervention like government support in crisis situations should not just contend with emergency relief. Because disasters result in entitlement destruction, an intervention that allows for 'entitlement protection' is essential in the case of a continuing type of a disaster. Responsive disaster management articulates the need to know and understand the situation, and a genuine support programme is sensitive to the plight of vulnerable groups like women and the elderly.

Met hoger opgeleide ondernemers en een meer mkb-achtige aanpak heeft het gezinsbedrijf toekomst. "Het onderscheid tussen operationeel werk en managementtaken groeit."

This book explores the gender effects of the current transformation of agriculture and rural life. It presents a comparative perspective on key research themes of rural gender relations, with each section beginning with a comprehensive overview. Five themes are addressed: (1) developments in rural gender theory and research methodology; (2) changes in farm households; (3) patterns of rural migration; (4) the impact of national and international policies; (5) and the construction of gender identities as a result of rural changes. This book will be of interest to advanced students and researchers of rural sociology, agrarian change, rural geography and gender studies. The book has 23 chapters and a subject index.