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Zhibiao Xiang1 12 23 3, Zhening Liu1 12 23 3, Hengyi Cao4 45 5, Zhipeng Wu1 12 23 3, Yicheng Long1 12 23 3 1Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 2Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 3China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 4Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hempstead, NY, USA; 5Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USACorrespondence: Yicheng Long Email yichenglong@csu.edu.cnBackground: Many studies have reported an association between childhood trauma exposure and schizophrenia. Among these studies, the Short-form Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) is one of the most widely used measures of childhood trauma. However, little is known regarding the long-term reliability of the CTQ-SF, especially in patients with psychopathology.Methods: The CTQ-SF was administered to 50 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia from a hospital in Changsha, Hunan, China. These patients were asked to re-complete the CTQ-SF when they were re-hospitalized or received outpatient treatments in the same hospital within 4 years of follow-up. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess test–retest reliability of the CTQ-SF over the intervals. Associations of the CTQ-SF with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) were tested using Spearman correlation coefficients.Results: Among the participants, 35 (70.0%) patients re-completed the CTQ-SF after an interval averaging 11.26 months. Excellent test–retest reliabilities (with ICC > 0.75) were found for the total CTQ-SF score (ICC = 0.772) as well as scores of the emotional abuse (ICC = 0.808), physical abuse (ICC = 0.756), sexual abuse (ICC = 0.877) and physical neglect (ICC = 0.751) subscales. Meanwhile, a moderate test–retest reliability was found for the emotional neglect subscale (ICC = 0.538). At both baseline and follow-up, no significant correlations (p > 0.05) were found between CTQ-SF scores and any other clinical assessments.Conclusion: Our results suggest that CTQ-SF is reliable to assess childhood trauma exposures in schizophrenia over relatively long intervals, regardless of patients’ current symptoms and states of cognition.Keywords: childhood trauma questionnaire, childhood adversity, childhood trauma, schizophrenia, test–retest reliability

Background: Neuroimaging studies of vulnerability to Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) have identified structural and functional variations which might reflect inheritable features in alcohol-naïve relatives of AUD individuals (FH+) compared to controls having no such family history (FH-). However, prior research did not simultaneously account for childhood maltreatment, any clinically significant disorder and maternal AUD. Therefore, we mainly aimed to investigate the brain structure and reward-related neural activations (fMRI), using whole-brain analysis in FH+ young adults with no prevalent confounders. Methods: 46 FH+ and 45 FH- male and female participants had no severe childhood maltreatment exposure, neither any psychiatric disorder or AUD, nor a prenatal exposure to maternal AUD. We used a 3 T MRI coupled with a whole brain voxel-based method to compare between groups the grey matter volumes and activations in response to big versus small wins during a Monetary Incentive Delay task. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire score was used as confounding variable in the analyses to account for the remaining variance between groups. Results: Compared to FH- controls, FH+ participants had smaller grey matter volumes in the frontal and cingulate regions as well as in the bilateral nucleus accumbens and right insula. The FH+ participants’ fMRI datasets denoted a blunted activation in the middle cingulum with respect to FH- controls’ during the processing of reward magnitude, and a greater activation in the anterior cingulum in response to anticipation of a small win. Conclusions: Family history of alcohol use disorder is linked to structural and functional variations including brain regions involved in reward processes.

Background: The prevalence of child maltreatment in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) has not been assessed so far. Child maltreatment is a major risk factor for unfavorable behavioral, mental, and physical health outcomes and has been associated with decreased quality of life. Given the increased survival time of ACHD, it is essential to assess factors that may worsen the quality of life and interact with classical cardiovascular risk factors and mental well-being.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 196 ACHD (mean age 35.21 ± 11.24 y, 44,4% female, 55.6% male) completed a thorough psychiatric and cardiac evaluation. Child maltreatment was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and rates were compared to already existing data from the German general population. Further psychological measurements included the WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and assessment of lifestyle factors (exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index). To identify a relationship between current cardiac function and child maltreatment, we used logistic regression.Results: ACHD reported significantly higher rates of emotional neglect and emotional abuse and sexual abuse and lower rates of physical neglect when compared to the general German population. In addition, total CTQ-scores, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse correlated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and negatively correlated with QoL. Furthermore, CTQ scores contributed significantly in predicting higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) scores (p = 0.009).Conclusion: Child maltreatment is more common in ACHD and associated with decreased quality of life and depression and anxiety. Furthermore, we found evidence that self-reported child maltreatment is associated with decreased cardiac function. Given the longer survival time of patients with ACHD, identifying factors that may negatively influence the disease course is essential. The negative consequences of child maltreatment may be the subject of psychosocial interventions that have demonstrated efficacy in treating posttraumatic stress disorders.

Background: Previous research has shown a strong relationship between childhood trauma and worsened physical and mental health. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) is a commonly used tool assessing early traumatic experiences. The aim of this study was to verify the psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the CTQ. Methods: Data were collected on a representative Slovak sample (N = 1018, mean age 46.24 years, 48.7% of men). The dimensional structure of the CTQ was tested by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), convergent validity was assessed using the Adverse Childhood Questionnaire (ACE-IQ). Results: CFA confirmed the standard 5-factor CTQ model. The subscales of the CTQ and the ACE-IQ questionnaires showed moderate to high correlations. The internal consistency of the scale was found to be acceptable. Emotional neglect (EN) was reported in 48.1%, physical neglect (PN) in 35.8%, emotional abuse in 15.8%, physical abuse (PA) in 11.0%, and sexual abuse (SA) in 9.1% of the Slovak population, according to the scoring, when even low abuse or neglect is assessed as trauma. Conclusion: The CTQ questionnaire fulfilled the validation criteria and appeared to be a suitable method for assessing retrospectively reported childhood trauma experiences in the Slovak population.

Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde einerseits der Zusammenhang zwischen in der Vergangenheit erfolgten belastenden Kindheitserfahrungen der Mütter und der kindlichen Entwicklung getestet und dabei zusätzlich der Einfluss des elterlichen Stresses als Moderator geprüft, andererseits stellte der Einfluss elterlicher Belastung auf die kindliche Entwicklung eine weitere Frage dieser Arbeit dar. Grundlage ist die Studie „Meine Kindheit – Deine Kindheit“ oder „TRANS-GEN“, bei der Mütter nach der Entbindung in der Universitätsklinik Ulm rekrutiert und zu belastenden Kindheitserfahrungen befragt wurden. Im Alter von 12 Monaten wurde die kognitive Entwicklung und das Verhalten der Kinder erfasst, sowie der elterliche Stress eruiert. Als Testverfahren dienten die Fragebögen „Childhood Trauma Questionnaire“ und „Eltern-Belastungs-Inventar“ und der Entwicklungstest Bayley II. Rekrutiert wurden 237 Mütter und ihre Kinder auf der Wochenstation der Universitätsklinik Ulm. Es konnte bei gerichteter Hypothese ein signifikant negativer Zusammenhang zwischen sexuellem Missbrauch und kindlicher kognitiver Entwicklung nachgewiesen werden. Zudem ließ sich eine statistisch signifikante Erhöhung des elterlichen Stresses bei belastenden Kindheitserfahrungen nachweisen. Die Prüfung eines negativen Einflusses von erhöhtem elterlichen Stress auf die kindliche kognitive Entwicklung ergab kein statistisch signifikantes Ergebnis. Abschließend konnte kein statistisch signifikanter Einfluss des Moderators elterlicher Stress auf den Zusammenhang zwischen belastenden Kindheitserfahrungen und kindlicher kognitiver Entwicklung aufgezeigt werden.

© 2017, The Author(s) 2017. Studies about trauma often tend to focus on abuse and neglect. However important, these studies may neglect the importance of the broader community context that is often associated with trauma, and complex trauma (CT) in particular. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CT (defined in terms of experiencing abuse and/or neglect occurring in the context of relationships with caregivers), and of broader environmental adversity (i.e., exposure to community violence), in a sample of adolescents (N = 218) from a severely disadvantaged district of Lima, Peru. The study had two aims: (a) to assess the prevalence of CT and its associations with internalizing and externalizing symptoms in these adolescents and (b) to investigate the associations between community violence and both internalizing and externalizing symptoms over and above the effects of CT. In total, 39.4% of the adolescents reported at least one type of moderate to severe trauma. There was a clear association between CT and both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Ordinal logistic regressions showed that children who were exposed to one or more traumatic experiences were more likely to score within a higher range of internalizing and externalizing symptoms than children with no history of trauma. Finally, exposure to community violence was an important predictor of symptomatology beyond the effects of CT. ispartof: Journal of Interpersonal Violence vol:36 issue:1-2 pages:1-19 ispartof: location:United States status: Published online

Background: Childhood abuse and neglect is associated with persevering psychological and physical consequences at the victim’s expense. The phenomenon of a biological memory taken into account, there might be biological means that enable childhood maltreatment experiences not only to persist throughout life but also to be passed on intergenerationally. Methods: This thesis investigated the effects of childhood maltreatment on blood cell counts. Women at the maternity ward were interviewed with respect to experiences of childhood maltreatment employing the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire- Short Form. Blood was drawn from those mothers and from their newborn`s umbilical cord. Results: Performing correlation analyses, it was found that the hematologic parameters of newborns are widely independent of their mothers’ in this explorative study. A significant positive association between former childhood maltreatment and the maternal mean thrombocyte volume was detected conducting regression analyses. Discussion: If this effect can be replicated in future studies, an adaption of the anticoagulant therapy of women in childbed with a history of childhood maltreatment experiences should be considered.

Hintergrund: In der Literatur wurden die Folgen von negativen Kindheitserfahrungen (englisch: adverse childhood experiences (ACE)) einer Mutter auf ihr Kind bereits häufig thematisiert (transgenerational cycle of maltreatment). Mütter, die in der eigenen Kindheit Opfer von Missbrauch, Misshandlung und Vernachlässigung wurden (ACE+), haben ein erhöhtes Risiko ihre eigenen Kinder zu missbrauchen, misshandeln oder zu vernachlässigen. Die Bedeutung des autonomen Nervensystems bei der Transmission von ACE wird derzeit diskutiert. Methoden: In der experimentellen Erhebung der Studie „Meine Kindheit – Deine Kindheit“ (Messzeitpunkt t3) wurden die Auswirkungen von frühen Traumatisierungserfahrungen einer Mutter auf das autonome Nervensystem ihres Kindes (n = 102, durchschnittliches Alter 32,3 Monate ± 7,7) untersucht. Die Parameter Herzfrequenz (HF), respiratorische Sinusarrhythmie (RSA), Präejektionsperiode (PEP) und linksventrikuläre Ejektionszeit (LVET) wurden anhand von Elektrokardiographie (EKG) und Impedanzkardiographie (IKG) in einem Empathie-Paradigma mit 7 Episoden simultan bei Mutter und Kind erhoben. Die negativen Kindheitserfahrungen der Mütter wurden retrospektiv anhand der Kurzform des Childhood Trauma Questionnaires (CTQ-SF) erfasst (Cut-off ACE+: Wert ≥ 2 auf mindestens einer Skala). Ergebnisse: Bei Kindern erfolgte ein Anstieg der RSA bei der Kontaktaufnahme mit der Fremden (Purzelbaum-Episode), ein Abfall der HF, als die Fremde die Verletzung simulierte (Empathie-Episode), sowie ein RSA-Abfall und HF-Anstieg in der Abschluss-Episode. In der Episode der sozialen Kontaktaufnahme mit der Fremden und in der Empathie-Situation ergab sich daher ein Anstieg der parasympathischen Aktivität. Die Kinder nicht-traumatisierter Mütter (ACE–) reagierten im Vergleich zu Kindern traumatisierter Mütter (ACE+) in der Episode der sozialen Kontaktaufnahme mit einer stärkeren Aktivierung des Parasympathikus. Ebenso reagierten jene Kinder in der anschließenden Empathie-Episode erneut mit einer stärkeren parasympathischen Aktivierung und in der Abschluss-Episode mit einer stärkeren parasympathischen Deaktivierung. Der große Einfluss des Alters und der Einfluss des Geschlechts der Kinder auf die autonome Messung wurde deutlich. Es ergaben sich höhere HF-Werte und niedrigere PEP-Werte für jüngere Kinder (bis zu 32 Monate alt) im Vergleich zu älteren Kindern in allen Episoden und ebenso höhere HF-Werte für Mädchen als für Jungen. Schlussfolgerung: In der vorliegenden Untersuchung konnte erstmals die Messung der psychovegetativen Parameter in einem Paradigma mit direkt gespielter Empathie-Situation etabliert werden. Der Abfall der HF stellte sich hierbei als „autonomer Marker“ der Empathiereaktion bei 2- bis 3-Jährigen dar. Das Ergebnis weist auf eine bessere parasympathische Varianz und bessere Anpassungsfähigkeit des parasympathischen Astes bei 2- bis 3-jährigen Kindern unbelasteter Mütter hin. Bei Kindern ACE-belasteter Mütter hingegen ist zu vermuten, dass die parasympathische Anpassungsfähigkeit an Umweltanforderungen eingeschränkt ist beziehungsweise die Varianz des parasympathischen Nervensystems vermindert ist. Das Untersuchungsresultat könnte auch ein Hinweis darauf sein, dass im Alter von 2 bis 3 Jahren Kinder unbelasteter Mütter im Vergleich zu Kindern von Müttern mit Missbrauchs-, Misshandlungs- und Vernachlässigungserfahrungen möglicherweise leichter Kontakt zu einer Fremden aufbauen, besser sozial interagieren und tendenziell eher zu empathischem Verhalten fähig sind. Aufgrund der vorliegenden Ergebnisse lässt sich ein transgenerationaler Einfluss von negativen Kindheitserfahrungen der Mutter auf das autonome Nervensystem ihres 2- bis 3-jährigen Kindes vermuten.

Submitted by Cristiane Chim (cristiane.chim@ucpel.edu.br) on 2019-04-01T13:20:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thomás da Silva e Silva.pdf: 1781041 bytes, checksum: 0240f726982bf1c679e9b6940225623d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-01T13:20:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thomás da Silva e Silva.pdf: 1781041 bytes, checksum: 0240f726982bf1c679e9b6940225623d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-30 Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) presents an important relationship with childhood traumas. Besides, this association seems not only to collaborate to the MDD development, as well as to the remain of the disorder lifelong. Studies have tested some brief psychotherapeutic approaches to reach remission or to reduce depressive symptoms in these cases. Thus, the objective of this study is to verify the impact of childhood traumas in the remission or reduction of depressive symptoms and in the therapeutic process in patients under Supportive-Expressive Dynamic Psychotherapy (SEDP) of limited-time in a six-month follow-up. Data came from 130 patients with major depression who participated in a randomized clinical trial, with 18-60 years-old, selected by convenience, in the city of Pelotas-RS. The diagnose of MDD was achieved through a clinical interview structured for the DSM-IV criteria, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview – Plus (MINI-Plus). Childhood traumas were verified by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the therapeutic progress by means of the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2). It is expected that the subjects who present higher number or severity of traumas, mainly physical abuse and emotional negligence, will respond worse to psychotherapy, even believing that SEDP will be effective in remission or reduction of the symptomatology after the treatment. O Transtorno Depressivo Maior (TDM) apresenta uma relação importante com traumas na infância. Além disso, essa associação parece não somente facilitar o surgimento do TDM, assim como também a maior permanência do transtorno ao longo da vida. Estudos têm testado algumas abordagens psicoterapêuticas breves para a remissão ou redução dos sintomas depressivos nesses casos. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo é verificar o impacto de traumas na infância na remissão ou redução de sintomas depressivos e no processo terapêutico em pacientes atendidos com Psicoterapia Dinâmica Suportivo-Expressiva (PDSE) de tempo limitado após o follow-up de seis meses. Os dados deste estudo vieram de 130 pacientes com depressão maior que participaram de um ensaio clínico randomizado, com idade entre 18 e 60 anos, selecionados por conveniência, na cidade de Pelotas-RS. O diagnóstico do TDM foi realizado por meio de entrevista clínica estruturada para os critérios do DSM-IV, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview - Plus (MINI Plus). Enquanto os traumas na infância foram verificados pelo Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) e o progresso terapêutico por meio do Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2). É esperado que os sujeitos que apresentarem maior número e/ou maior severidade de traumas, principalmente de abuso físico e de negligência emocional, terão pior resposta após a psicoterapia, mesmo se acreditando que a PDSE será eficaz na remissão ou redução dos sintomas depressivos pós-tratamento.

BackgroundBorderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a severe mental illness that is associated with low quality of life, low psychosocial functioning, and high societal costs. Treatments for BPD have improved in the last decades. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and Schema therapy (ST) have demonstrated efficacy in reducing BPD symptoms and costs. However, research has not compared these two treatment approaches. In addition, there is a lack of ‘real world studies’ that replicate positive findings in regular mental healthcare settings. Thus, the PROgrams for Borderline Personality Disorder (PRO*BPD) study will compare the (cost-) effectiveness of DBT and ST in structured outpatient treatment programs in the routine clinical setting of an outpatient clinic.Methods/DesignWe aim to recruit 160 BPD patients, who will be randomly assigned to either DBT or ST. In both conditions, patients receive one group therapy and one individual therapy session/week for a maximum of 18 months. Both treatment programs have similar frameworks, which guarantee clinical equipoise. The primary outcome is a reduction of BPD-symptoms. Also, the costs related to BPD are assessed and an economic evaluation is performed from a societal perspective. Secondary outcomes examine other measures of BPD-typical and general psychopathology, comorbidity, quality of life, psychosocial functioning and participation. Data are collected prior to the beginning therapy and every six months until the end of therapy, as well as at six months, one year and two years of follow-up after the end of therapy. Finally, we conduct a qualitative study to understand patients’ experiences with the two methods.DiscussionThe PRO*BPD study is the first randomized trial to compare the (cost-) effectiveness of DBT and ST. By examining the clinical effectiveness of a broad spectrum of outcome parameters, conducting an economic evaluation and assessing patients’ experiences, this study will significantly advance our knowledge on psychotherapy for BPD and will provide insight into the treatment approaches that should be offered to different BPD patients from clinical, economic and stakeholder’s perspectives.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trial Register, DRKS00011534, Date of registration: 11/01/2017, retrospectively registered.

WOS: 000435654000008 Aim: This study aims to analyze the frequency of childhood traumatic events and its correlation with depression and anxiety cases among midwifery students. Material and Method: The study was based on student self-reports concerning abuse and negligence experiences during their childhood and adolescence, evaluated using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The correlation with depression and anxiety was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Results: The average scores of emotional neglect and physical neglect were 9.0 +/- 3.9 and 7.1 +/- 2.5 respectively. The average scores of emotional abuse and sexual abuse were 7.1 +/- 2.8 and 5.9 +/- 2.2 respectively. The average score of physical abuse was 5.4 +/- 1.4. The CTQ total points were significantly associated with depression and anxiety. Discussion: Childhood psychological traumas and emotional abuse may lead to the development of dysfunctional attitudes, causing individuals to be prone to depression and anxiety. Emotional abuse, which is one of the most common traumas in childhood, is a type of trauma that should not be ignored and that should be handled properly in clinical practice. Early traumas may be linked to psychological and behavioural problems in adult life.

The present study aims to assess comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in anxiety and depressive disorders and to determine whether childhood trauma types and other putative independent risk factors for comorbid PTSD are unique to PTSD or shared with anxiety and depressive disorders. The sample of 2402 adults aged 18-65 included healthy controls, persons with a prior history of affective disorders, and persons with a current affective disorder. These individuals were assessed at baseline (TO) and 2 (T2) and 4 years (T4) later. At each wave, DSM-IV-TR based anxiety and depressive disorder, neuroticism, extraversion, and symptom severity Were assessed. Childhood trauma was measured at TO with an interview and at T4 with a questionnaire, and PTSD was measured with a standardized interview at T4.. Prevalence of 5-year recency PTSD among anxiety and depressive disorders was 9.2%, and comorbidity, in particular with major depression, was high (84.4%). Comorbidity was associated with female gender, all types of childhood trauma, neuroticism, (low) extraversion, and symptom severity. Multivariable significant risk factors (i.e., female gender and child sexual and physical abuse) were shared among anxiety and depressive disorders. Our results support a shared vulnerability model for comorbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders with PTSD. Routine assessment of PTSD in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders seems warranted. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Childhood maltreatment has diverse, lifelong impact on morbidity and mortality. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) is one of the most commonly used scales to assess and quantify these experiences and their impact. Curiously, despite very widespread use of the CTQ, scores on its Minimization-Denial (MD) subscale-originally designed to assess a positive response bias-are rarely reported. Hence, little is known about this measure. If response biases are either common or consequential, current practices of ignoring the MD scale deserve revision. Therewith, we designed a study to investigate 3 aspects of minimization, as defined by the CTQ's MD scale: 1) its prevalence; 2) its latent structure; and finally 3) whether minimization moderates the CTQ's discriminative validity in terms of distinguishing between psychiatric patients and community volunteers. Archival, item-level CTQ data from 24 multinational samples were combined for a total of 19,652 participants. Analyses indicated: 1) minimization is common; 2) minimization functions as a continuous construct; and 3) high MD scores attenuate the ability of the CTQ to distinguish between psychiatric patients and community volunteers. Overall, results suggest that a minimizing response bias-as detected by the MD subscale-has a small but significant moderating effect on the CTQ's discriminative validity. Results also may suggest that some prior analyses of maltreatment rates or the effects of early maltreatment that have used the CTQ may have underestimated its incidence and impact. We caution researchers and clinicians about the widespread practice of using the CTQ without the MD or collecting MD data but failing to assess and control for its effects on outcomes or dependent variables., National Institutes Health; Australia Research Council; New South Wales Department of Juvenile Justice, Australia

In this study, it was intended to evaluate the effect of childhood trauma on the anger status of university students. A total of 323 students who were studying in a University, Department of Nursing were included in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected by using Descriptive Information Form, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and Trait Anger and Anger Expression Scale. Data were analyzed by using numerical and percentage values, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman Correlation Analysis. It was f ound thatmean total score of Childhood Traumatic Events Scale was 102.26, mean score of emotional abuse and neglect was 59.96, mean score of physical abuse was 33.18 and mean score of sexual abuse was 9.11. Mean trait anger score of students was found to be 22.67; and mean scores of anger-out, anger-in and anger control, that are the subdimensions of anger expression styles, were found to be 17.16, 16.58 and 21.57, respectively. When the relationship between childhood traumatic events of the students and their trait anger and the forms of anger expression was examined, it was determined that their trait anger levels increased (p=0.000, r=0.203), and they reflected their anger more (p=0.000, r=0.217) as their exposure to traumatic events increased. According to the results of this study,it was found that mean score of Childhood Traumatic Events Scale was was high. © GATA.

Childhood trauma is a well-known source of lifelong anxiety and various personality disorders. Also preoperative anxiety is related with perioperative physical and physicological responses. The aim of this study was to investigate possible relationship which has not been studied yet- between having a childhood trauma history and preoperative anxiety levels. A total of 190 patients (aged between 18-65) with a history of childhood trauma presenting for different types of surgery were investigated prospectively using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). A childhood trauma questionnaire total score of ≥35 points was accepted as an indicator of significant childhood trauma history. Preoperative and postoperative anxiety levels of patients were assessed using State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Also relationship between childhood trauma types (physical, emotional neglect/abuse, sexual abuse) and pre-postoperative State Trait Anxiety Inventory levels were evaluated. Correlations between several factors that might effect preoperative anxiety levels including such as; gender, type of surgery, type of anesthesia, educational and maritial levels of patients with or without a childhood trauma history were investigated. We found significant correlations between higher Childhood Trauma Questionnaire scores and increased preoperative State Trait Anxiety Inventory trait and state scores (p [Med-Science 2019; 8(2.000): 268-73]

Introduction To understand the interplay between affective social information processing and its influence on mental states we investigated changes in functional connectivity (FC) patterns after audio exposure to emotional biographic narratives. Methods While lying in the 7T MR scanner, 23 male participants listened to narratives of early childhood experiences of three persons, each having either a secure, dismissing, or preoccupied attachment representation. Directly after having listened to each of the prototypical narratives, participants underwent a 10-minute resting-state fMRI scan. To study changes in FC patterns between experimental conditions, three post-task conditions were compared to a baseline condition. Specific local alterations, as well as differences in connectivity patterns between distributed brain regions, were quantified using Network-based statistics (NBS) and graph metrics. Results Using NBS, a nine-region subnetwork showing reduced FC after having listened to the dismissing narrative was identified. Of this subnetwork, only the left Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) exhibited a decrease in the nodal graph metrics degree and strength exclusively after listening to the dismissing narrative. No other region showed post-task changes in nodal metrics. A post hoc analysis of dynamic characteristics of FC of the left SMA showed a significant decrease in the dismissing condition when compared with the other conditions in the first three minutes of the scan, but faded away in the two subsequent intervals the differences. Conclusions Nodal metrics and NBS converge on reduced connectivity measures exclusively in left SMA in the dismissing condition, which may specifically reflect ongoing network changes underlying prolonged emotional reactivity to attachment-related processing.

Background: Previous studies have indicated that early life adversity, genetic factors and alcohol dependence are associated with reduced brain volume in adolescents. However, data on the interactive effects of early life adversity, genetic factors (e.g. p.Met66 allele of BDNF), and alcohol dependence, on brain structure in adolescents is limited. We examined whether the BDNF p.Val66Met polymorphism interacts with childhood trauma to predict alterations in brain volume in adolescents with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Methods: We examined 160 participants (80 adolescents with DSM-IV AUD and 80 age- and gender-matched controls) who were assessed for trauma using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Magnetic resonance images were acquired for a subset of the cohort (58 AUD and 58 controls) and volumes of global and regional structures were estimated using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Samples were genotyped for the p.Val66Met polymorphism using the TaqMan® Assay. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and post-hoc t-tests were conducted using SPM8 VBM. Results: No significant associations, corrected for multiple comparisons, were found between the BDNF p.Val66Met polymorphism, brain volumes and AUD in adolescents with childhood trauma. Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that the BDNF p.Met66 allele and childhood trauma may not be associated with reduced structural volumes in AUD. Other genetic contributors should be investigated in future studies.

The present study aims to assess comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in anxiety and depressive disorders and to determine whether childhood trauma types and other putative independent risk factors for comorbid PTSD are unique to PTSD or shared with anxiety and depressive disorders. The sample of 2402 adults aged 18-65 included healthy controls, persons with a prior history of affective disorders, and persons with a current affective disorder. These individuals were assessed at baseline (TO) and 2 (T2) and 4 years (T4) later. At each wave, DSM-IV-TR based anxiety and depressive disorder, neuroticism, extraversion, and symptom severity Were assessed. Childhood trauma was measured at TO with an interview and at T4 with a questionnaire, and PTSD was measured with a standardized interview at T4.. Prevalence of 5-year recency PTSD among anxiety and depressive disorders was 9.2%, and comorbidity, in particular with major depression, was high (84.4%). Comorbidity was associated with female gender, all types of childhood trauma, neuroticism, (low) extraversion, and symptom severity. Multivariable significant risk factors (i.e., female gender and child sexual and physical abuse) were shared among anxiety and depressive disorders. Our results support a shared vulnerability model for comorbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders with PTSD. Routine assessment of PTSD in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders seems warranted. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objective: Abuse is considered to have a place in the etiology of various psychiatric disorders. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is one of the psychiatric disorders for which abuse could be an etiologic factor; however, few studies have investigated the relationship between abuse and PMDD. In this study, our aim was to investigate childhood abuse in patients with PMDD and compare them with healthy female subjects. Method: This cross-sectional study included 70 women with PMDD (DSM-IV-TR criteria) who were admitted to the outpatient psychiatry clinic of Ankara Yenimahalle State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, between December 2012 and December 2013. Additionally, 78 healthy controls were included in the study. Sociodemographic, familial, and reproductive period characteristics of the women were recorded. All subjects were administered the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Results: Among the sociodemographic characteristics, being a university graduate (76.9%) and being a public servant (70.5%) were significantly higher in the healthy control group (P = .01 and P = .01, respectively). A family history of PMDD (31.4%), a history of postpartum psychiatric disorders (11.4%), and a history of attempted suicide (7.1%) were higher in the PMDD group compared with the healthy control group (P = .001, P = .003, and P = .024, respectively). Significant differences were also found between PMDD and healthy controls in PMSS score (P ? .001), CTQ total scores (P = .002), and subscale scores including emotional abuse and emotional neglect (P = .004), physical abuse (P = .009), and sexual abuse (P = .012). Conclusions: To our knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate associations between PMDD and childhood abuse from Turkey. More comprehensive studies on this topic with larger sample sizes are required to enrich the literature and enable practitioners to be more effective in clinical practice. © 2014, Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.

Objective: Childhood trauma has previously been associated with adult obesity. The aim of this study was to determine if ethnicity altered the relationship between childhood trauma and obesity in South African women. Methods: Forty-four normalweight (BMI30kg/m2), black and white premenopausal women completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), which retrospectively assessed emotional and physical neglect, and emotional, physical and sexual abuse in childhood. Results: Body composition did not differ by ethnicity in the normal-weight and obese groups. However,independent of BMI group, there were significant differences in socioeconomic status (SES) between black and white women (P

Neste trabalho apresentam-se os resultados da adaptação do Questionário de Trauma de Infância – forma breve (CTQ-SF) em população portuguesa. As propriedades psicométricas do instrumento foram estudadas numa amostra não clínica de 746 sujeitos adultos, tendo-se testado a estrutura de cinco fatores, inicialmente proposta pelos autores do questionário. A fiabilidade teste-reteste foi analisada num grupo de 29 sujeitos. As subescalas apresentam coeficientes de consistência interna a variar entre .84 para a escala total, .79 para a negligência emocional, .77 para o abuso físico, .71 para o abuso emocional e sexual, e .47 para a negligência física. A subescala de negligência física apresenta baixa consistência interna, replicando resultados anteriores de outros estudos, salientando a necessidade de uma possível revisão desta subescala. A exposição a negligência emocional e ao abuso verbal aparecem como as formas mais frequentes de maltrato de infância em adultos. O CTQ-SF apresenta características de validade aceitáveis, com exceção da subescala de negligência física. Futuros trabalhos com o instrumento deverão incluir medidas mais eficazes na detecção da negligência física. This study analyses the results of the adapted version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire – Short Form, in the Portuguese population. Psychometric properties were studied in 746 adult community subjects, testing the five factor model structure proposed by the authors of the original version. The test-retest reliability was analyzed in a group with 29 subjects. The internal consistency varies between .84 for the overall score, .79 for emotional neglect, .77 for physical abuse, .71 for emotional and sexual abuse, and .47 for physical neglect. Physical neglect internal consistency was found to be too low, confirming previous results from other studies, pointing the need for a sub-scale revision. Exposure to emotional neglect and verbal abuse were the most frequent adult self-reported forms of childhood maltreatment. The Portuguese version of CTQ-SF presented acceptable psychometric properties, except for physical neglect subscale. Future work using CTQ-SF should include alternative effective measures for physical neglect.