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An analysis of the results of known studies of mixing components in mixing machines and the level of significant influence of their design parameters on indicators of structure formation of the mixture is given. It is noted that the study of mixing components in the bakery industry of Ukraine on high-speed and continuous machines is the only one of the completed technological operations, and the pace of its development towards improving the structural and technological parameters of the machine and the process to improve the quality of the structure formation of the mixture remains relevant. The work is based on a step-by-step consideration of the mixing theory of the first stage of the formation of a mixture of components. An analysis of the interaction of the components with the established effect of the mixer design was carried out, which made it possible to further reveal the ways of calculating the design parameters of their dosing and mixing means, depending on the nature of the phase in each case. It is noted that the influence of the surface layer of the phase on its total costs is determined by the specific energy. It was established that the excess of free energy on the surface of the phase distribution is the main reason for the instability of the liquid consistency of the components (in the form of an emulsion), since according to the principle of thermodynamics, the minimum value of the surface energy corresponds to the most stable state of the system. Such a dependence in the instability of the liquid consistency allows us to consider possible ways of optimizing the mixing technology and contributes to a significant improvement in the characteristics of the mixer, which will have a positive effect on the operational characteristics of the machine. The value of the flow rate was determined when each starch grain is involved with the entire surface in contact with the liquid phase, for flour, the phase contact S = 178·103 m2/m3 can be considered ideal.

The objective was to assess the levels of formation and leading components of the patient safety system of the anesthesiology and resuscitation (A&R) service (department) of multidisciplinary hospitals.Materials and methods. Expert assessment of the patient safety system of the anesthesiology and resuscitation service (department) of 235 multidisciplinary hospitals, including the assessment of its level, leading components, and their structure in the overall sample. Expert assessment method. Statistical analysis of data distribution, Student’s t-test for independent samples of different sizes, correlation analysis.Results. It has been established that in the main part (38.3%) of multidisciplinary hospitals, the A&R service is at an average (sufficient) level of ensuring patient safety. 17% are at a high (organized) and highest (system-organized) level in terms of ensuring patient safety. A fairly large part (44.7%) is at a low (insufficient) and minimal (critical, extremely low) level of ensuring patient safety. At the same time, the level of ensuring patient safety in the A&R service of multidisciplinary hospitals is important and has a close but inverse relationship with the level of digitalization. Comparison of the severity of the five leading (main) components (criteria) for ensuring patient safety in the A&R service of multidisciplinary hospitals made it possible to assess the levels of their completeness and their structure and showed that in the general sample, the most pronounced criteria for ensuring patient safety were «Teamwork, staff expertise» and «Availability of medicines».Conclusion. The current state of the patient safety system of the A&R service of multidisciplinary hospitals is characterized by 5 levels and 5 leading (main) components, the expert assessment of which made it possible to distribute the A&R services of hospitals according to the indicated levels, identify the structure of their leading components an determine target areas for improving the patient safety system.

The paper shows the effectiveness of agricultural machinery parts restoration by reducing metal and fuel consumption as well as labor costs. (Research purpose) The paper analyzes the evolution of the machine part restoration system during the agricultural industrialization process in Russia, and explores the role of industrial science in developing methodologies for machine repairing and part restoration. (Materials and methods) Publications on the history of the parts restoration industry were thoroughly reviewed. Special attention was given to the decrees issued by Soviet government bodies, including the targeted comprehensive program of the State Committee of Science and Technology, the USSR State Planning Committee, and the State Committee for Agricultural Technology. These programs were aimed at establishing and expanding the production base for the repair and restoration of agricultural machinery parts. (Results and discussion) In the early stages of agricultural industrialization, equipment repairs primarily involved the use of new spare parts, while worn parts were typically discarded for remelting. A significant advancement in parts restoration was the introduction of repair sizes for crankshafts and cylinder liners. Since 1975, the cost of maintaining equipment has surged sharply due to the prices of new spare parts. The paper also presents an analysis of the efforts by the All-Union Scientific and Production Association «Remdetal» to develop flow-mechanized lines and equipment for restoring agricultural machinery parts. (Conclusions) The paper illustrates the significant growth in parts restoration volumes, rising from 68 million rubles in 1965 to 539 million rubles in 1988, as well as metal savings that increased from 136 thousand tons to 1,110 thousand tons over the same period. Additionally it highlights the role of the USSR Academy of Sciences, leading scientific institutes, and machine-building enterprises in executing the targeted program to increase the restoration volumes of agricultural machinery parts and components.

The body composition of cultured live large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) is extremely difficult to detect. In order to solve this problem, we analyzed the relationship between the impedance measured at 2, 5, 20, 50, 100 kHz for the dorsal and ventral muscles of live large yellow croaker and their key components (protein, fat and moisture). The optimal models (r = 0.830–0.922, P < 0.001) for non-destructive evaluation of the muscle protein and water contents as well as the fat content in live fish was established using the impedance at 2 and 100 kHz frequencies, and their accuracy was verified by experiments (r ≥ 0.900). The correlation among muscle composition, microstructure and impedance indicated that the average area of muscle fiber increased with increasing protein content and decreasing moisture content and was positively correlated with the impedance at 2 kHz; in contrast, the density of muscle fiber and the area of extracellular space decreased with increasing protein content and decreasing moisture content and was negatively correlated with the impedance at 2 kH. The diameter and volume of adipocytes increased with the deposition of fat, and had a significant relationship with the impedance at 100 kHz. This study can rapidly evaluate the composition of fat, protein, water and so on of cultured live large yellow croaker by using biological impedance, and clarify the internal reasons for predicting the composition of live fish by impedance. The findings of this study can help aquaculture enterprises with targeted breeding and and help consumers to choose the optimal products.

The objective was to substantiate components, criteria and levels of the patient safety system of the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care of a multidisciplinary hospital as the methodological basis for their subsequent practical assessment in the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. Content analysis of scientific literature (monographs and articles) on the problem of ensuring patient safety at the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care of a multidisciplinary hospital. Determination of the initial list of criteria (indicators, factors) for ensuring patient safety at the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care of a multidisciplinary hospitals, expert assessment of their significance with identification of the main one, including leading (main) criteria. Justification of the content characteristics of the leading criteria, as well as the levels of ensuring patient safety at the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care of a multidisciplinary hospital. Expert assessment method. Statistical analysis of data distribution, ranking assessment of their significance.Results. It was established that 17 criteria (factors, indicators) are the main ones for ensuring patient safety at the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care of a multidisciplinary hospital, of which five are leading (main) and the most informative. They comprehensively reflect one of the five levels of ensuring patient safety at the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care of a multidisciplinary hospital.Conclusion. The system for ensuring patient safety at the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care of a multidisciplinary hospital is multidimensional and dynamic (controllable), its state is characterized by 5 main (leading) components, which are the methodological basis for the practical assessment of one of five levels of the system and determining the directions for its change (control, correction).

For a given closed nonempty subset E of a Hilbert space H, the singular set Σ E consists of the points in H \ E where the distance function d E is not Fréchet differentiable. It is known that Σ E is a weak deformation retract of the open set G E = { x ∈ H : d co ¯ E (x) < d E (x) } . This short paper sheds light on the relationship between the connected components of the three sets Σ E ⊂ G E ⊆ H \ E . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health burden, with high morbidity and mortality rates. It is often diagnosed at middle to advanced stage, affecting approximately 35% of patients at the time of diagnosis. Currently, chemotherapy has been used to improve patient prognosis and increase overall survival. However, chemotherapy can also have cytotoxic effects and lead to adverse reactions, such as inhibiting bone marrow hematopoiesis, causing digestive dysfunction, hand-foot syndrome, and even life-threatening conditions. In response to these adverse effects, researchers have proposed using Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as an option to treat cancer. TCM research focuses on prescriptions, herbs, and components, which form essential components of the current research in Chinese medicine. The study and implementation of TCM prescriptions and herbs demonstrate its distinctive holistic approach to therapy, characterized by applying multi-component and multi-target treatment. TMC components have advantages in developing new drugs as they consist of single ingredients, require smaller medication dosages, have a precise measure of pharmacodynamic effects, and have a clear mechanism of action compared to TCM prescriptions and herbs. However, further research is still needed to determine whether TMC components can fully substitute the therapeutic efficacy of TCM prescriptions. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the research advancements made in TCM prescriptions, herbs, and components. The findings of this study can serve as a theoretical basis for researchers who are interested in exploring the potential of TCM for the treatment of colorectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The Hueter-Anterior Approach (HAA) with its limited soft tissue and internervous dissection has been shown to be an effective approach for primary total hip and hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients requiring revision of HRA to total hip replacement using the HAA, assessing function and complications. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained research database. Between 2006 and 2015, 555 primary metal-on-metal (MoM) HRAs were performed via the HAA; we identified 33 hips in 30 patients that required revisions for aseptic causes to THA: aseptic loosening of acetabulum in 12 and femoral in 7, 10 for pseudotumour/ALTR, 4 for femoral neck fracture. All revision surgeries were performed through a HAA by a single surgeon who had also performed the index operation. PROMs were collected preoperatively and yearly at various timepoints postoperatively. Results: The mean age at time of revision was 48.9 years (±5.3 SD) for 22 males (67%) and 11 females (33%). The mean time to revision surgery/failure of hip resurfacing was 3.3 years (±2.4 SD). There were 5 major reoperations with 3 infections, 1 acetabular loosening and 1 trunnionosis. There were significant improvements in multiple PROMs. Conclusions: The HAA is a viable surgical approach for revision of HRA with smaller initial HRA acetabular components generally requiring a relatively larger acetabular compoent at time of revision. Patients reported improvement in symptoms and function and a lower risk of subsequent reoperation than what has previously been reported for failed MoM bearings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding component criticality in machinery performance degradation is important in ensuring the reliability and availability of ship systems, particularly considering the nature of ship operations requiring extended voyage periods, usually traversing regions with multiple climate and environmental conditions. Exposing the machinery system to varying degrees of load and operational conditions could lead to rapid degradation and reduced reliability. This research proposes a tailored solution by identifying critical components, the root causes of maintenance delays, understanding the factors influencing system reliability, and recognising failure-prone components. This paper proposes a hybrid approach using reliability analysis tools and machine learning. It uses dynamic fault tree analysis (DFTA) to determine how reliable and important a system is, as well as Bayesian belief network (BBN) availability analysis to assist with maintenance decisions. Furthermore, we developed an artificial neural network (ANN) fault detection model to identify the faults responsible for system unreliability. We conducted a case study on a ship power generation system, identifying the components critical to maintenance and defects contributing to such failures. Using reliability importance measures and minimal cut sets, we isolated all faults contributing over 40% of subsystem failures and related events. Among the 4 MDGs, the lubricating system had the highest average availability of 67%, while the cooling system had the lowest at 38% using the BBN availability outcome. Therefore, the BBN DSS recommended corrective action and ConMon as maintenance strategies due to the frequent failures of certain critical parts. ANN found overheating when MDG output was above 180 kVA, linking component failure to generator performance. The findings improve ship system reliability and availability by reducing failures and improving maintenance strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Water and nitrogen are known as the two main limiting factors in achieving maximum yield in agriculture. Therefore, the use of nitrogen fertilizer plays a significant role in increasing agricultural production. However, the indiscriminate use of these fertilizers may be due to their low efficiency. Therefore, investigating the challenges of water scarcity and improper nitrogen use management is crucial. In this study, considering the challenges of water scarcity and improper nitrogen use management, an investigation has been conducted. Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted in the research farm of the Agriculture Faculty of Shirvan Azad University during the agricultural year of 1399-1400. The experiment was carried out in the form of strip plots in three replicates and in a complete randomized block design. Three levels of 50%, 75%, and 100% of plant water requirement were considered as the main plot and five levels of zero (N0), 100 (N100), 200 (N200), 300 (N300), and 400 (N400) Kg/ha-1 nitrogen were considered in the subplots. Results: Most measured traits related to yield components had higher values during the second year in comparison with the first year of the experiment. Moreover, plant height, grain weight, rows per cob and kernels per row in the 100% water requirement were greater compared with the 50% water requirement treatment. As a result of 400 Kg/ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer application, plant height, rows per cob, kernels per row, 100-grain weight and biological yield increased by 24.4%, 24.6%, 23.8%, 24% and 24.2% compared with the nitrogenfree treatment, respectively. Conclusion: Increasing nitrogen fertilizer application leads to an improvement in yield and yield components. The only factor that decreased with increased water supply was water use efficiency. Grain yield under 100% water requirement was 38% more than that of 50% water requirement treatment. The difference between 100% and 50% water requirement treatments in terms of the biological yield was 49.5% in the first and 24% in the second year. Also, increased nitrogen fertilizer application led to increased grain yield. However, no significant difference was observed between 300 and 400 Kg/ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer treatments, especially in the second year. Therefore, a 300 Kgha-1 fertilizer application is recommended to achieve a suitable yield. Fertilizer use efficiency was affected by water requirement so that nitrogen use efficiency under 100% water requirement supply at a given nitrogen fertilizer level (e.g. 100 Kg ha-1 ) was significantly higher than that of 50% water requirement conditions. Under 100 Kg ha-1 nitrogen application, nitrogen use efficiency in 100% water requirement treatment was 111.5 and in 50% water requirement treatment was 74.3 Kg ha-1 . Thus, nitrogen use efficiency declined by 33% due to decreased water use. Therefore, it can be concluded that in conditions where sufficient water is not available for irrigation, farmers should not use excessive amounts of nitrogen fertilizer because it has little efficiency and only leads to environmental pollution and waste fund. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the underground coal-gasification process, Aspen Plus software was used to simulate the lignite underground gasification process, and a variety of unit operation modules were selected and combined with the kinetic equations of coal underground gasification. The model can reflect the complete gasification process of the coal underground gasifier well, and the simulation results are more in line with the experimental results of the lignite underground gasification model test. The changes in the temperature and pressure of oxygen, gasification water, spray water, and syngas in pipelines were studied, and the effects of pipe diameters on pipeline conveying performance were investigated as well. The effects of the oxygen/water ratio, processing capacity, and spray-water volume on the components of syngas and components in different reaction zones were studied. In addition, the change tendency of gasification products under different conditions was researched. The results indicate that: (1) The depth of injection and the formation pressure at that depth need to be taken into account to determine a reasonable injection pressure. (2) The liquid-water injection process should select a lower injection pressure. (3) Increasing the oxygen/water ratio favors H2 production and decreasing the oxygen/water ratio favors CH4 production. (4) The content of CO2 is the highest in the oxidation zone, the lowest in the reduction zone, and then increases a little in the methanation reaction zone for the transform reaction. The content of CO is the lowest in the oxidation zone and the highest in the reduction zone. In the methanation reaction zone, CO partially converts into H2 and CO2, and the content of CO is reduced. (5) The injection of spray water does not affect the components of the gas but will increase the water vapor content in the gas; thus, this changes the molar fraction of the wet gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is focused on the comparative construction between the variables of the ECLO work climate assessment and the different evaluation instruments of the work environment recognized in the market and implemented in companies due to the need to preserve adequate management in the mental health of employees, since they compromise the work climate and generate various effects on the progress of companies. Consequently, the development of the work was carried out through the methodology of systematic analysis comparing the variables of the different instruments and establishing the potential of each tool to measure organizational conditions. Allowing in this way to determine that ECLO has a great evaluative advantage over the other tests due to its wide content of components, which allow it to investigate several organizational aspects. The instruments share evaluation components, allowing for a comprehensive overview of organizational components to make managerial decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to identify, examine, and analyze the factors affecting spirituality in the architecture of religious-cultural places from the perspective of experts and finally explain them in a model. The results generally indicate that physical, sensory, socio-individual, and functional components play a significant role in the creation/enhancement of a sense of spirituality in the architecture of religious places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociology Series is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Baijiu, a Chinese distilled liquor, plays an essential role in Chinese life and culture. The intricate flavour profile and distinguished quality of baijiu are closely linked to its organic components, which encompass an array of elements such as esters, acids, alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, pyrazines, terpenes, and others. Consequently, the analysis of these components has emerged as a fundamental cornerstone for the study and comprehension of baijiu. In the present review, we succinctly encapsulate the latest research endeavours aimed at the identification and precise quantification of pivotal components within a diverse array of Chinese baijiu exhibiting varying aroma profiles. The culmination of this collective effort has yielded an impressive compendium comprising 397 quantified components, each with meticulously determined concentrations within baijiu. These components are categorised into major, medium, minor, and trace components, based on their respective concentration levels in baijiu. Furthermore, the focal attention on trace components, with concentrations below 1 mg L-1 threshold, is deliberately underscored. This emphasis is ascribed to the pivotal roles of these trace elements in shaping the nuanced flavour and overall quality of baijiu. As a result, the present review not only provides the most comprehensive reference compendium of quantified baijiu components to date, but also furnishes invaluable insights into the multifaceted study of Chinese baijiu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depression in late life has been associated with reduced quality of life and increased mortality. Whether the chronic fine particular matter (PM2.5) and its components exposure are contributed to the older depression symptoms remains unclear. Method: Middle-aged and older adults (>45 years) were selected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study during the four waves of interviews. The concentrations of PM2.5 and its major constituents were calculated using near real-time data at a spatial resolution of 10 km during the study period. The depressive symptom was evaluated by the Depression Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D)-10 score. The fix-effect model was applied to evaluate the association between PM2.5 and its major constituents with depressive symptoms. Three three-step methods were used to explore the modification role of sleep duration against the depressive symptoms caused by PM2.5 exposure. Results: In our study, a total of 52,683 observations of 16,681 middle-aged and older adults were assessed. Each interquartile range (IQR) level of PM2.5 concentration exposure was longitudinally associated with a 2.6 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.3 %, 4.0 %) increase in the depression CES-D-10 score. Regarding the major components of PM2.5, OM, NO3-, and NH4+ showed the leading toxicity effects, which could increase the depression CES-D-10 score by 2.2 % (95 %CI: 1.0 %, 3.4 %), 2.2 % (0.6 %, 3.9 %), and 2.0 % (95 %CI: 0.6 %, 3.4 %) correspondingly. Besides, males were more susceptible to the worse depressive symptoms caused by PM2.5 and its major components exposure than female subpopulations. Shortened sleep duration might be the mediator of PM2.5-associated depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Our results suggest that long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its major components were associated with an increased risk for depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults. Reducing the leading components of PM2.5 may cost-effectively alleviate the disease burden of depression and promote healthy longevity in heavy pollutant countries.

The article is devoted to the development of a mechanism for ensuring the economic security of enterprise under the influence of the external environment. The relevance of the study of scientific approaches to the mechanism of ensuring the economic security of enterprise under the influence of the external environment is determined, in particular, the essence of the mechanism, structure, goals, objectives, patterns and methods of ensuring economic security are considered. It is proposed to understand the mechanism of ensuring the economic security of enterprise functioning as a set of interrelated and interacting elements that are aimed at creating conditions for the effective operation of enterprise and protecting it from external and internal threats. The main elements of the mechanism are defined, which include: the form of organization of production, economic or economic connections (relations), the system of incentives, management, planning, financing, taxation, and pricing. It is noted that the target orientation of the mechanism is determined by organizational forms and economic instruments. Organizational forms are organizational structures that are responsible for ensuring the economic security of an enterprise. Economic methods and measures that are used to ensure the economic security of an enterprise are economic instruments. The theoretical and philosophical component, which is the foundation of the formation of the mechanism and represents a system of beliefs in the enterprise system, which contains a way of thinking and obligations of each employee to perform their job functions in accordance with safety requirements, is substantiated. The main functional components are defined, namely: financial, intellectual and personnel, technical and technological, political and legal, informational, environmental, and power. Prospects for further research in this direction are the definition of specific instruments of the mechanism depending on the conditions of functioning of enterprise, the stage of development of its financial and economic activity and, as a result, on the level of economic security of enterprise.

Exosome-like nanoparticles （ELNs） are nano-sized extracellular vesicles enclosed by lipid bilayer membrane and secreted by cells; And carrying a variety of cargo, including lipids, proteins, miRNAs and secondary metabolites. Plant ELNs have received widespread attention due to their unique structure and excellent physiological activity. This review summarizes the isolation methods, characteristics, components and functions of plant ELNs, focusing on the application of multi-omics technologies in plant ELNs. In addition, some suggestions for further study of plant ELNs were put forward.

Abstract Background While dyslipidemia has been recognized as a potential risk factor for hyperuricemia, there is currently a dearth of large-scale data specifically focused on studying the relationship between these two conditions. To address this gap, the present study analyzed a dataset of 298,891 physical examination records to investigate in greater detail the clinical classification and compositional relationship between hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia. Methods For this investigation, a cross-sectional research design was utilized to analyze physical examination data that was gathered from Yijishan Hospital in Wuhu, China between 2011 and 2016. Logistic regression was employed to examine the association between hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, the association between hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia was evaluated based on the clinical classifications of dyslipidemia and its components. Results A total of 298,891 participants from China (124,886 [41.8%] females) were included in the study, with an age range of 18 to 90 years (mean [SD]: 47.76 [13.54] years). In multivariate analysis, the odds of hyperuricemia was 1.878 times higher in patients with dyslipidemia compared to those without dyslipidemia (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.835–1.922). In the clinical classification of dyslipidemia, individuals with hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia had 1.753 times (95% CI: 1.706–1.802) and 1.925 times (95% CI: 1.870–1.982) higher odds of hyperuricemia, respectively, compared to those without dyslipidemia. Among the components of dyslipidemia, the odds ratios for hyperuricemia in individuals in the fourth quartile compared to those in the first quartile were 3.744 (95% CI: 3.636–3.918) for triglycerides, 1.518 (95% CI: 1.471–1.565) for total cholesterol, and 1.775 (95% CI: 1.718 − 1.833) for non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusions Dyslipidemia has been independently linked with hyperuricemia. Moreover, the elevation of triglycerides or total cholesterol levels, including conditions such as hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia, have been observed to have a positive association with the development of hyperuricemia.

With the rapid technological advancements and the ever-evolving complex systems, the identification and integration of the components and resources for the functioning of multi-agent systems (MAS) are crucial tasks. However, difficulties arise due to the complexity of not having reference frameworks that normalize their implementation. Therefore, in this survey, we propose the FC-MAS (Framework-Components in Multi-Agent System) model as a conceptual framework designed to simplify comprehension and standardization in incorporating the required functions and components for the deployment and operation of MAS in engineering applications. This model comprises five abstract layers, each of which serves a specific purpose and encompasses the details and resources required to operate MAS. Furthermore, we propose a structured workflow for centralized and distributed MAS schemes with a set of related activities that integrate the fundamental steps and stages for the successful implementation of MAS. Finally, this work discusses potential directions for future research, including a deeper exploration of essential components, the establishment of terminology standards across various domains, and the refinement of the proposed model to enhance its applicability and relevance across a broader spectrum of contexts.

Abstract Background Promoting safe and efficient transitions of care is critical to reducing readmission rates and associated costs and improving the quality of patient care. A growing body of literature suggests that transitional care (TC) programs are effective in improving quality of life and reducing unplanned readmissions for several patient groups. TC programs are highly complex and multidimensional, requiring evidence on how specific practices and system characteristics influence their effectiveness in patient care, readmission reduction and costs. Methods Using a systematic review and a configurational approach, the study examines the role played by system characteristics (size, ownership, professional skills, technology used), the organizational components implemented, analyzing their combinations, and the potential economic impact of TC programs. Results The more organizational components are implemented, the greater the likelihood that a TC program will be successful in reducing readmission rates. Not all components have the same effect. The results show that certain components, ‘post-discharge symptom monitoring and management’ and ‘discharge planning’, are necessary but not sufficient to achieve the outcome. The results indicate the existence of two different combinations of components that can be considered sufficient for the reduction of readmissions. Furthermore, while system characteristics are underexplored, the study shows different ways of incorporating the skill mix of professionals and their mode of coordination in TC programs. Four organizational models emerge: the health-based monocentric, the social-based monocentric, the multidisciplinary team and the mono-specialist team. The economic impact of the programs is generally positive. Despite an increase in patient management costs, there is an overall reduction in all post-intervention costs, particularly those related to readmissions. Conclusions The results underline the importance of examining in depth the role of system characteristics and organizational factors in facilitating the creation of a successful TC program. The work gives preliminary insights into how to systematize organizational practices and different coordination modes for facilitating decision-makers’ choices in TC implementation. While there is evidence that TC programs also have economic benefits, the quality of economic evaluations is relatively low and needs further study.

A field trial was carried out during the wet season of 2023 at the Research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kafanchan campus to study the effect of intra-row spacing on the yield components and yield of soybean in Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The treatment consisted of ten (10) intra-row spacings (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100cm) laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The inter-row spacing was 50cm. Each plot consisted of three 400cm-long ridges, with an alley of 100cm between plots and 100cm between replications. The results indicated that intra-row spacing significantly affected the height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, number of pods per plant, 100-grain weight, and grain yield of soybean. The 10cm intra-row spacing had significantly higher grain yield than the other treatments, except the 40cm intra-row spacing. The 10cm intra-row spacing was recommended for farmers in the study area as it has the likely advantage of suppressing weeds and leaving more land available for cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bacterial infections are a major challenge in food processing and public health, and there is an urgent need to develop novel antimicrobial agents. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential mechanism and key components of Pinctada martensii antimicrobial proteins (Pm-Aps) to provide a theoretical basis for the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Methods: The researchers used Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) to stimulate Pinctada martensii, extracted the antimicrobial proteins, and analyzed their antimicrobial activities, potential mechanisms of action, and key components using proteomics. Results: The results showed that the antimicrobial activity of Pm-Aps, with broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects, was significantly enhanced after VP stimulation. This was associated with the upregulation of LAAO, CHDH, TLR2, ATG16L1, BAK, CLCA4, and CASP8 and the downregulation of MCM3, MCM5, DTYMK, PLK1, FBXO6, LPCAT3, GST, LAMTOR5, CYP17A, CTSA, and RRM1. It is hypothesized that these proteins may inhibit bacterial growth and multiplication by activating immune-related signaling pathways, inhibiting DNA replication and repair, and inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Furthermore, it was found that LAAO may be a key component of the antimicrobial action of Pm-Aps, killing bacteria by catalyzing the oxidation of amino acids to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Conclusions: These results strongly suggest that Pm-Aps is an effective antimicrobial protein, and it is expected that new LAAO can be obtained from Pm-Aps.

To explore the effects of different withering methods on the quality of Congou black tea, this study focused on five different withering methods: natural withering, warm-air withering, sun–natural combined withering, sun withering, and shaking withering. Gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC‒MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and ion-exchange chromatography techniques were used to analyze the nonvolatile and volatile components and composition of the tea. The results revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the contents of nonvolatile constituents including caffeine, polyphenols, soluble sugars, free amino acids and their components, theaflavins, thearubigins, and catechins among the five different withering methods, with varying degrees of correlation between these components. A total of 227 aroma compounds were detected, and significant differences in the contents of alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones were observed. A relative odor activity value (ROVA) analysis of the aroma compounds revealed that 19 compounds had an ROVA > 1. Among them, benzylaldehyde, trans-2-decenal, decanal, benzaldehyde, nonanal, hexanal, trans-linalool, and geraniol from the shaking withering method had significantly higher ROVA values than those from the other withering methods, which may be the reason for the prominent floral and fruity aroma of shaking withering. This study revealed the impact of different withering methods on the quality of Congou black tea, providing a scientific basis for the development of Congou black tea with different flavors and the improvement of Congou black tea processing techniques.

DC link capacitors (DCLCs) are key devices in converters. The relative humidity affects the performance of the elements of a DCLC. Currently, there are relatively few studies on the effect of relative humidity on the electrical characteristics of the elements of DCLCs during the production process. This study describes the effects and the control of the relative humidity in the production process. For this purpose, a DCLC component withstand voltage test platform and a DCLC component aging test platform were established. The voltage withstand tests were conducted during different processes and at different relative humidities, and life aging tests were conducted at different relative humidities and different storage times. The results show that after the winding and metal-spraying processes, the voltage withstand levels of the components stored at 30% RH, 60% RH, and 80% RH were very close to that of the components at 3000 VDC; after the heat-setting process, the voltage withstand levels of the components stored at 30% RH, 60% RH, and 80% RH showed a decreasing tendency compared with the level of the components at 3000 VDC. Regarding the samples, after the heat-setting process, stored at 30% RH and 60% RH for 24 h, 96 h, 168 h, 240 h, and 336 h and 2000 h of the aging tests, the capacitance decreases monotonically as the storage time is increased but never exceeds 3%, and the capacitance change decreases as the relative humidity increases. This study can provide important guidance for the humidity control of various processes in the production of DCLCs.

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is considered a construct of great heuristic value and has attracted the attention of numerous researchers and inspired influential theoretical models. The objective of the present study was to provide an upto-date, comparative and integrated description of the theoretical models of SRL used in current empirical research. For this purpose, we conducted a critical review of the scientific literature referring explicitly to any SRL model and we described, compared and integrated the processes and personal and situational dimensions considered in each model. The models have clearly evolved from focusing on cold self-regulation, conscious activity and individual functioning, to emphasising hot self-regulation and considering implicit activity and interindividual functioning. Among empirical research lines based on the most recent models, the following stand out: detailed analysis of SRL during its progress, the manifestation of SRL in diverse instructional formats and the role of affective/motivational self-regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many cities worldwide are at the frontline of environmental challenges during their future planning. Navi Mumbai presents many opportunities to move a city toward sustainability. The land is scarce for development purposes in Mumbai, which has resulted in the creation of the suburban area of Navi Mumbai. As the latter has numerous water bodies and drainage channels, which lie in the ecosensitive zone, to stop organic development, the environmental suitability index along with the accessibility index needs to be assessed to promote future organized growth. The present study investigated the planning of the new areas and assessed environmental suitability and accessibility for various zones seeking future development. The analytical derivation of the environmental suitability index was based on the parameters, subindex, and attributes of environmental issues in that area. The parameters included (1) soil permeability, (2) water-holding capacity, (3) porosity, (4) properties of groundwater and marine water, (5) properties of air, and (6) noise. The entire area was divided into five zones for the current work. The analytical framework was a developed methodology of indices calculated from five monitoring stations obtained from the City and Industrial Development Corporation of Maharashtra Limited, India (CIDCO). The accessibility parameters of the transportation network were measured using alpha indices (α). Finally, a nondominated sorting algorithm was used to obtain final suitability based on the Pareto optimality condition. The development suitability of an area was obtained by computing the environmental suitability index and accessibility index. This computation decides which of the five stations is best for which type of planning. The study developed a dimension-wise suitability index for Navi Mumbai, aiming to streamline the planning process and integrate policies essential for planning to attain sustainable development for Navi Mumbai. During future planning, policymakers and planners have often ignored environmental aspects in ecofragile areas. Hence, planning for new development in ecofragile areas has often been haphazard, piecemeal, and organic. The framework adopted in this paper, combining the environmental suitability index and the accessibility index, intended to assess the area's health and prescribe future actions to reduce the negative environmental impacts of development and regulate the same. The paper showed how data on soil, water, groundwater, air, and noise can be used in a simple mathematical model to compute the environmental suitability index of an area. Similarly, graph-theoretic measures of the whole transportation network can measure the accessibility index of the area. Finally, the development suitability of the area can be calculated by combining the environmental suitability index and the accessibility index. The level of domination result signifies the most suitable station/node for different types of development. Based on the results, policymakers and planners can determine an ecofragile area's future land use development as required. This model can further be adopted by local governing authorities to plan for zoning, zoning regulations, and approval of a proposed development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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At a certain stage, any large industrial exercise faces the problem of keeping its equipment operational in order to maintain production. Most often, internal maintenance services fill this role, although sometimes the work is outsourced. The approaches adopted at OAO Koks today and during its history are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphometric characterization of male genitalia is an important aspect for studying intraspecific variation in Lepidoptera. In this study, size variation in the male genitalia of rice yellow stem borer (YSB) Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) collected from nine locations through sex pheromone traps was examined. Measurements of male genitalial parts like uncus length (UL), uncus width (UW), valva length (VL), valva width (VW), saccus length (SL), saccus width (SW), aedeagus length (AD) were considered. Significant size variation was observed among the populations, and the measurements SL, SW, VL, VW, UL, UW and AD contributed to about 16% to location variability. The results showed that all characters except valva width was significantly different (p≤0.05) among the nine populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blending hydrogen with natural gas (NG) is an efficient method for transporting hydrogen on a large scale at a low cost. The manifold at the NG initial station is an important piece of equipment that enables the blending of hydrogen with NG. However, there are differences in the components and component contents of imported NG from different countries. The components of hydrogen-blended NG can affect the safety and efficiency of transportation through pipeline systems. Therefore, numerical simulations were performed to investigate the blending process and changes in the thermodynamic properties of four imported NGs and hydrogen in the manifold. The higher the heavy hydrocarbon content in the imported NG, the longer the distance required for the gas to mix uniformly with hydrogen in the pipeline. Hydrogen blending reduces the temperature and density of NG. The gas composition is the main factor affecting the molar calorific value of a gas mixture, and hydrogen blending reduces the molar calorific value of NG. The larger the content of high-molar calorific components in the imported NG, the higher the molar calorific value of the gas after hydrogen blending. Increasing both the temperature and hydrogen mixing ratio reduces the Joule-Thomson coefficient of the hydrogen-blended NG. The results of this study provide technical references for the transport of hydrogen-blended NG. • The blending process and thermodynamic properties of hydrogen and natural gas in the manifold are investigated. • An increase in the component content of heavy hydrocarbons in natural gas increases the distance of gas mixing uniformly. • The components of natural gas affect the transportation and thermodynamic properties of hydrogen-blended natural gas. • Hydrogen injection decreases density, molar calorific value, viscosity, and Joule-Thomson coefficient of natural gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Medical Education Technology is the property of China Medical Education Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When considering the commercialization of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), lowering the operating temperature has become one of the key issues urgently to be solved. Magnetron sputtering (MS) because of its versatility and ability to control composition and microstructure, is widely used in the preparation and modification of SOFC components to improve performance and durability under low temperatures. This review strives to provide a systematic summary on MS in the field of SOFC component manufacturing in the reduction of operating temperature. Initially, MS mechanism is presented and a detailed comparison of different MS methods is discussed based on target power. Besides, the application of MS for intermediate temperature (IT) and low temperature (LT) SOFC components is emphasized. Finally, the fabrication of half-sputtered and all-sputtered thin-film SOFCs with high performance at low operating temperatures is described emphatically. • Comprehensive review focuses on magnetron sputtering for reducing SOFCs temperature. • The mechanism and the classification of magnetron sputtering (MS) are discussed. • Different strategies for manufacturing SOFC components by MS are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of rigid electronic components into stretchable materials is a complex challenge due to contrary material properties. This paper shows a novel approach for the embedding of electronic components into flexible and stretchable polymer substrates using a stereolithographic process that leads to stress reduction during stretching. The key factor is multimaterial printing with various elastic material properties. The paper shows a miniaturized packaged component (e.g., 0201 LED) in a flexible and stretchable substrate based on three different materials. The first material has rigid properties (stiffness 42.25 N/mm) and surrounds a small area of the LED with about 500 mm peripheral frame. The main purpose of this material is to round up the sharp edges of the LED to the next material. The second material is more elastic (stiffness 0.11 N/mm) and surrounds the first embedded LED. The purpose of the implementation of the second intermediate material is to spread the load between the LED and stretchable substrate caused by stretching. The third material has even higher elastic properties (stiffness 0.05 N/mm) and builds up the main part of the stretchable substrate (size of (4.5 3 34 3 0.27) mm3). After the fabrication of the multimaterial substrate with the embedded LED, horseshoe conductive traces are screen printed with conductive paste. Finally, the embedded LED substrate with the conductive traces is cured at 125°C. The final stretchable substrate with the embedded LED is able to stretch up to about 25% for 30 cycles without disturbing the electrical function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]