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Copyright of Alsun Beni-suef International Journal of Linguistics, Translation & Literature / Mağallaẗ Kulliyyaẗ Alsun Banī Swaīf Al-Dawliyyaẗ Li Luġawīyāt wa Al-Tarğamaẗ wa Al-Adab is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of KADEM Journal of Women's Studies is the property of Women & Justice Association / Kadin & Demokrasi Dernegi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Head and neck sarcomas are very rare accounting for about 1% of head and neck malignancies and 5% of sarcomas. Outcomes have historically been worse in this group compared to other sarcomas, due to anatomical constraints that make complete surgical removal difficult and increased local relapse rate. Surgery remains the main intervention although the data suggest the role of chemotherapy and irradiation as treatment options. Methodology: and Design. Data of patients diagnosed with head and neck sarcoma were retrospectively collected. Clinicopathologic characteristics and patients' management were reviewed. Time to relapse (TTR) includes both time to local relapse (TTLR) and time to systemic relapse (TTSR). Overall survival (OS), TTLR and TTSR were calculated with Kaplan Mayer analysis using log rank test. Results: Twenty-four patients were retrospectively identified. Mean age was 37.7 years (range 17–80) with female gender predominance (62.5%). Rhabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma were the most common types (16.7%). At presentation, 23 patients showed localized disease (95.8%), while one patient was metastatic to the bone. Surgery was the primary treatment in 83.3% patients with different surgical margin status (R0 in 6/20, R1 in 11/20 and R2 in 3/20 patients), while 4/24 patients were not operated. Radiotherapy was applied as adjuvant treatment in 9 patients, as definitive in 2 and as palliative in one patient. Chemotherapy was administered in neoadjuvant/ adjuvant settings in 8 patients. Median follow-up was 31 months. Mean TTR for all surgically resected population was 39.8 months. Locally relapsed patients were 35% with mean TTLR 43.2 months while 15% of patients developed systemic relapse with mean TTSR 55 months. Mean OS of all studied patients was 48 months. Conclusion: Head and neck sarcomas are rare challenging malignancies due to anatomical constrain, with only 20% achieving R0 surgical resection and > 30% suffering of local relapse after complete surgical resection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Behçet's disease (BD) is an ongoing systemic vasculitis with mouth and genital ulceration and eye, skin, and systemic affection. It has considerable morbidity and mortality, and a high incidence and a higher male-to-female affection characterize Egypt. We aimed to evaluate liver x receptor messenger RNA beta (LXR β) and microRNA-146a (miR-146a) gene expression in Behçet's disease cases in Egypt to relate them with clinicopathological features. Subject and method: Eighty Egyptian individuals were split into two groups for the current study: Forty Behçet's disease cases and forty healthy controls matched by age and gender from the Rheumatology Department at Helwan University Hospital, Egypt. The transformed score, also known as the Behçet's Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF), was utilized to measure disease activity. To assess the amounts of LXR β and miR-146a serum expression via real-time PCR, a blood sample was obtained. Results: There was a downregulation of both LXR β and miR-146a levels that significantly differed between the BD group and the control group (p = 0.0001 and 0.0001, respectively). There is a noteworthy inverse relationship between the expression level of LXR β and BDCAF Patients Index (r = − 0.79 and p = 0.0001) was found. Regarding miR-146a, it had a reverse correlation with BDCAF Patients Index (r = − 0.89 and p = 0.0001). Conclusion: LXR β and miR-146a were found to be significant non-invasive predictor biomarkers for Behçet's disease and can indicate disease activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psychological distress has significantly impacted students in Egypt and Jordan. These countries have faced many challenges, including the COVID-19 pandemic, the fallout from the conflict in Syria, and the war in Ukraine. These crises have had far-reaching consequences, affecting the economy, food security, and energy supplies, particularly with the increased number of refugees in these countries. Amid these existing complexities, the ongoing war in Gaza further exacerbates the situation, compounding mental health challenges. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze how the war in Gaza impacted the mental health of students in Egypt and Jordan. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving students from Egypt and Jordan between December 2023 and January 2024. The questionnaire incorporated the Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18) to assess the overall general distress score, as well as the domains of anxiety, somatization, and depression. Results: A total of 1509 Jordanian and Egyptian students were included in the study, of which 66% were female. Approximately 18% of the students had an elevation (≥ 50) in their BSI-18 total score. Females scored significantly higher in general distress [30 (18–44.25) vs. 24 (11–41), p < 0.001], and all three dimensions. The univariate predictors for elevated general distress (≥ 50) were being Egyptian (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.08, p = 0.014), watching social media multiple times a day (OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.97 to 4.69, p < 0.001), and having a Palestinian connection (friend, neighbor, colleague, or relative) (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.16, p < 0.001). These three predictors were retained in the backward stepwise multivariate regression analysis model. The univariate predictors for moderate and marked general distress (≥ 57) were watching social media multiple times a day (OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.78 to 5.99, p < 0.001) and having a Palestinian connection (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.14, p = 0.026). Only the former was retained in the backward stepwise multivariate regression analysis. Conclusion: General distress has increased among students in Egypt and Jordan throughout the War in Gaza. Mental, psychological, and social support activities are necessary for these students, particularly those watching social media multiple times daily. The development of coping skills to manage the additional stressors of war and socioeconomic status necessitates further research within this group of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD, OMIM# 248600) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism characterized by elevated branched chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine/isoleucine and valine in blood of affected children. The phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of MSUD is largely unreported in Egypt. We recruited ten patients (4 males/6 females, 2weeks-12years) from nine unrelated families with clinical and biochemical evidence of MSUD. We performed Sanger sequencing for the three most-commonly responsible genes: BCKDHA, BCKDHB and DBT and conducted exome sequencing for unresolved cases. Through Sanger sequencing, we detected eight homozygous pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (four in BCKDHB, three in BCKDHA and one in DBT gene) in eight different families. The proband of family VI, who had no significant genetic findings by Sanger, had a peculiar phenotype and atypical radiological findings. His exome sequencing revealed a previously reported homozygous likely pathogenic variant in the RARS2 gene (NM_020320.5:c.1026G > A;p.(Met342Ile)) causing the mitochondrial-encephalopathy disorder pontocerebellar hypoplasia, type 6 (OMIM# 611523). Furthermore, the copy-number-variant analysis of the exome data revealed a biallelic duplication affecting exons 2–6 of the BCKDHB gene (GRCh38: Chr.6-g.80127496:80171441dup) evaluated as variant of uncertain significance but expected to cause a breakpoint and may disrupt gene function, which can explain the markedly elevated BCAA levels in the patient's blood. In conclusion, we expanded the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of the disease and showed that aggressive intervention with specific treatment in the first few days of life resulted in normal development even in a developing country setting. Inclusion of MSUD in the national newborn screening program in Egypt is highly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone tissue is constantly regenerated and repaired through a finely balanced process known as bone remodeling. Many miRNAs act as regulators of the signaling pathways involved in bone metabolic processes to maintain tissue homeostasis. This study aimed to assess the circulating levels of MIR21, MIR34a, and MIR155 in human serum and their bone expression, and the expression of bone turnover-related genes which can reflect the bone quality. This prospective study was conducted on 60 patients (30 males and 30 females) indicated for surgical interventions for neural decompression +/- fixation. Relative quantification of expression of MIR21, miR34a, and MIR155 and bone related genes was assayed using PCR. The serum levels of osteocalcin and Serum Bone Alkaline Phosphatase (sBAP) were assayed using a human ELISA kit. The main finding of the present work was the strong positive association between the circulating levels of only miR21 and MIR155 and their bone expression in the population under study and with bone markers and target genes Also, a positive association was found between both bone expression and circulating MIR21 levels with age and sBAP. These results suggest that the circulating levels of these microRNAs as early markers for the predication of bone quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is recommended to consume more than 400 grams of (fruits + vegetables) per day to enhance healthful lifestyle and to lower the incidence of metabolic illnesses. Their low glycemic index helps prevent spikes in blood sugar, consequently controlling hunger. Our aim was to study the reflection of the intake of fruits and that of vegetables on metabolic risks in obese children. Results: A case–control research enrolled 90 Egyptian children (44 obese and 46 normal weight control children) aged from 5 to 11 years. Thirty-three out of 46 controls (71.7%) consumed vegetables on a daily basis compared to only 27 (61.4%) among cases. As regards fruits, the daily consumption was frequented more among the obese group 25 (58.1%) and less frequented among the control group 20 (43.5%). No significant associations were found between vegetables/fruits' consumption and the specified metabolic markers of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. Conclusion: The role of fruits and vegetables is still debatable. In our study, the daily intake of fruits and vegetables was not significantly associated with changes in blood sugar or lipid levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: MicroRNAs (miRs) are now a well-known subject in various tumor genesis and are studied as early diagnostic biomarker. Many arrays of miRs were incorporated in the pathogenesis of HCV-related hepatocellular carcinomas (HCV-HCC). In this respect, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic role of circulating miR-21, miR-122, and miR-222 in Egyptian patients with HCV-HCC. Patient and methods: Between June 2018 and April 2019, a cross-sectional comparative study was designed to evaluate the circulating miR-21, miR-122, and miR-222 by quantitative Real-Time PCR. For analytical purposes, patients were categorized into three groups: chronic HCV group (CHC-group, n = 22), HCV-related liver cirrhosis (LC-group, n = 22), and HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCV-HCC-group, n = 54). Results: Serum levels of miR-21 and miR-222 increased with the progressive course from CHC to LC and HCC; p <.001. Serum levels of miR-122 in HCC patients were significantly lower than non-HCC patients (CHC and LC patients, n = 44); p <.001. However, the differences in levels of serum miR-122 between CHC and LC were not statistically significant; P = 0.8. ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of miR-21 were 61.1% and 95.5%, miR-222 were 71.7% and 93.2%, and miR-122 were 98.2% and 100%. The positive predictive value for miRNA-21, miRNA-122, and miRNA-222 were 13.4%, 93.3%, and 10.5% respectively. The Negative predictive value for miRNA-21, miRNA-122, and miRNA-222 were 94.3%, 97.8%, and 92.7% respectively. Conclusion: MiR-21 and miR-222 could be potential markers for advanced liver damage, while miR-122 had the best diagnostic accuracy and could be a promising marker for detection of HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has a heterogeneous molecular profile, clinical presentations, and response to treatments and outcomes. DNA methylation is conducted by DNA methyltransferases including DNMT3B. Poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 belongs to a family of enzymes that mediate important cellular processes including DNA repair, transcription, and cell death/cell proliferation, and it is involved in the development, spread, treatment, and prognosis of some cancers. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of PARP1 and DNMT3B genes expression on laboratory characteristics, response to treatment and survival in Egyptian cytogenetically normal AML patients. Methods: This study included 67 Egyptian CN-AML patients in addition to 8 healthy bone marrow donors. Measurement of DNMT3B and PARP1 gene expression was done on bone marrow samples via real-time semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction. Result: Expression of both DNMT3B and PARP1 genes was significantly upregulated in AML (P =.001, P =.036, respectively). Upregulated DNMT3B was associated with higher total leukocyte count (TLC), PB, and BM blast cell%. Also, upregulated PARP1 correlated with higher TLC, PB, and BM blast cell%. High expression of both DNMT3B and PARP1 correlated with greater frequencies of FLT3-ITD. High DNMT3B expression, and combined upregulation of both PARP1 and DNMT3B genes associated significantly with ELN stratification. But no correlation was found with response (CR), overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), or event-free survival (EFS). Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of considering DNMT3B and PARP1 expression levels as potential prognostic biomarkers for progression and aggressiveness of CN-AML patients in AML. Assessing their expression levels could be an indicator to guide treatment decisions and potentially improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there has been move towards developing methods of modern agriculture, such as rooftop farming. The research targeted an intentional study of rooftop farmer's in the Sharkia Governorate. The target intentional farming of farmers and it was one of the important results of the research. On of the important results of the research was that the percentage of males reached about 85%, which means that the culture of society has not yet accepted the idea of rooftop farming due to its ease and ability to provide abettor standard of living for Egyptian families .Thorough a project to grow tomatoes on a roof area of 100 square meters, the total project costs were about 7665 L.E., while total revenues amounted to about 19125 thousand L.E. One of most common problems facing rooftop farmers is the high cost of roof insulation, which represents 20%, and the difficulty of marketing the plants, which represents 21%, while the farmers proposals were to provide soft loans to young graduates to finance a rooftop farming project, representing 31% percent, and the state organizing training courses to educate women and the elderly, representing 25% percent, providing supporting bodies for shading with solar cell, representing 22% percent,and other recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Althoughchronic hepatitis C (CHC) therapies based on direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents safely improved treatment effectiveness, some cases do not obtain sustained virological response (SVR) and, thus, evaluating factors that may be related to treatment failure is very important. We aimed to evaluate the association of baseline serum collagen IV with DAA treatment failure in Egyptian patients with CHC. A total of 175 CHC patients (100 responders and 75non-responders tosofosbuvir/daclatasvir) were included. Collagen IV was assessed using sensitive chemiluminescent immunoassay. There was distinctly higher (P < 0.0001) collagen IV in non-responders compared to responder patients as the median (interquartile range) were 19.02 (13.4–25.2) vs.9.7 (7.2–12.3) µg/L, respectively. Collagen IV has a good ability for distinguishing nonresponders from responder patients (AUC = 0.890) with sensitivity of 92%, specificity 72%, PPV 71.1%, NPV 92.3% and accuracy of 80.6%. Collagen IV was correlated (p < 0.05) with decreased albumin (r=-0.266), elevated APRI (r = 0.288), and elevated FIB-4 (r = 0.281) scores. In conclusion,these findings suggested the remarkable role of baseline collagen IV in the prediction of HCV DAAs treatment response. Thus, however further studies are needed, its measurement may improve treatment duration and the disease control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Controversy exists regarding the timing of rhinoplasty for patients with cleft lip as some surgeons shy away from primary correction for fear of causing harm to the growth of the nose and the maxilla. We present our favorable experience with primary rhinoplasty with repair of unilateral cleft lip in Ain Shams University plastic surgery department, providing insights into the specific management of patients of middle eastern descent. Methods: Prospective study of 32 patients, ages 3 months- 1 year with unilateral CL presenting to Ain Shams University hospitals between January 2019 and July 2022. Primary rhinoplasty was performed at the time of lip repair. Lip repair was done by Tennison-Randall technique. Evaluation of results was done by expert analysis of photographs, anthropometric measurements, and parents' satisfaction. Results: Over-all concordance rate was 93% and inter-observer concordance was 89%. Non-significant differences were found between cleft and noncleft sides regarding nostril dome height, columellar length, and alar width 6 months post-operatively. 81.25% of the parents were very satisfied with the results. Conclusion: Our study targeted a cohort of Egyptian patients with unilateral cleft lip, who underwent primary rhinoplasty and the time of lip repair, showing favorable results, supporting the literature advocating for this timing, but limited by relatively short follow up period. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study in Egypt to highlight the outcomes and direct experience for primary rhinoplasty with cleft lip repair in an Egyptian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of the Yamane technique (flanged intrascleral haptic fixation with double-needle technique /FIHFT) for three-piece intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in Egyptian patients diagnosed with Marfan syndrome (MFS) presented with subluxated lenses (ectopia lentis, EL). Methods: This was a retrospective evaluation of thirty-three patients who were diagnosed with MFS and had subluxated lenses in a total of forty eyes. Seven of these patients had bilateral subluxation. Lensectomy or phacoemulsification was performed with limited anterior vitrectomy, followed by IOL implantation using the FIHFT method. Data was collected from medical records, including preoperative and postoperative corrected distant visual acuity (CDVA) using logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (log MAR), preoperative and postoperative refractions, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and follow-up periods. Results: The mean age of patients in the study was 30.79 years, with a mean follow-up of 23.9 months. Post-surgery, the refractive sphere decreased significantly from -9.1 ± 1.4 diopter (D) to -1.4 ± 0.7 D, and cylinder measurements dropped from -4.5 ± 0.8 D to -1.4 ± 0.6 D. The spherical equivalent (SEQ) also declined from -11.4 ± 1.5 D to -2.1 ± 0.8 D. The CDVA improved from 0.80 ± 0.32 to 0.18 ± 0.10 log MAR (P < 0.001). No intraoperative complications were identified. Postoperative complications included IOL decentration (12.5%), vitreous hemorrhage (7.5%), IOL slippage (5%), IOL tilt (5%), and retinal detachment (RD) (5%). Further surgical procedures were necessary for only four cases (10%), all of which had positive outcomes. IOL tilting and slippage occurring at average ages of 18 and 19 years, respectively. No other complications, such as hypotony, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal edema, iritis, IOL dislocation, cystoid macular edema (CME) or endophthalmitis, were reported. Conclusions: The Yamane technique has proven effective and safe for treating subluxated lenses in Egyptian patients with Marfan Syndrome, resulting in improved visual acuity with minimal complications, mostly minor and manageable. Comprehensive fundus examinations before and after surgery are essential for promptly identifying retinal breaks and reducing the risk of retinal detachment. IOL tilting and slippage are more common in younger patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Microbes & Infectious Diseases is the property of Microbes & Infectious Diseases and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Long noncoding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs), small noncoding RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs) as well as some cytokines are recently thought to have a role in many inflammatory and autoimmune disorders including Behçet's disease (BD). This chronic multisystem disease lacks the particular histological or laboratory findings that might aid in its diagnosis. Therefore, any association with such molecules may have an impact on understanding the disease pathogenesis and/or management. The current study compared the levels of NEAT1, miR-21 and IL17 levels in sera of Egyptian BD patients and healthy individuals. The expression levels of these molecules were further investigated for their association with BD manifestations and activity aiming to explore their potential application in disease management. Results: NEAT1 & miR-21 showed down-regulation while IL-17 showed up-regulation among BD patients as compared to controls. IL-17 had significant correlation with major vessels involvement and cyclophosphamide intake. NEAT1 showed a significant negative correlation with colchicine intake. Disease activity did not correlate significantly with any of NEAT1, miR-21 or IL-17. Conclusion: NEAT1, miR-21 and IL17 might have a role in Behçet's disease pathogenesis, so more research is needed to unveil that role and their potential usage as biomarkers for the diagnosis or therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Right from the beginning of the history of architecture, humanity's search for enclosure has always, in some respect, been in thrall to various guises of technology and the machine. Los Angeles architect Wes Jones has always been fascinated with technological forms, articulations and the philosophy of the machine. In a wide‐ranging article, he describes some of the key ideas that have influenced him and his work over the years, illustrated with some of the work from his two practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a debilitating and time-consuming disease that can interfere with or impair typical daily life activities and social interactions. This study aims to identify and evaluate behavioral problems and cognitive dysfunction in children with CF. Methods and procedures: This study was carried out on a cohort of 40 children diagnosed with CF. Patients were assessed using a child behavior checklist (CBCL) and intelligence quotient (IQ) photograph test. The obtained results were compared with 40 matched controls. Results: The male population accounted for 62.5% of the patients included in the study. Patients with CF exhibited elevated somatic, anxious and aggressive behaviors relative to the control group with p values < 0.012, < 0.025, < 0.027 respectively. In addition; there was a statistically significant positive correlation between somatic problems with both age of the patients and disease duration (r value for age = 0.368; r value for duration = 0.468). Furthermore; there was positive correlation between anxious behavior with age of patients and disease duration (r value for age = 0.358; r value for duration = 0.351). Otherwise, patients had comparable IQs (median of 107.5) with those of the control group (median of 105) with p value = 0.544. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that CF has a substantial negative impact on the behavior of affected patients. However, it did not have an impact on the individual's level of intelligence. There is evidence indicating a connection between patients' age and disease duration with behavioral problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is increased clinical use of gabapentin, these trends appear to chronologically align with the opioid overdose crisis and particularly with the increased restrictions on opioid prescription. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the clinical variables, pain quality, and severity among patients with opioid use disorder as the main substance with and without gabapentin comorbid use. Methods: The research involved 60 patients diagnosed with substance use disorder, divided into two groups: opioid use as the main substance and opioid use with comorbid gabapentin. All participants were assessed using a semi-structured clinical addiction interview, the structured clinical interview for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, the Addiction Severity Index, urine drug test, McGill Pain Questionnaire, and Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questionnaire, in one interview setting. Results: The study showed that pain relief was the main desirable effect in the gabapentin group, with 66.2% of the group experiencing it. Euphoria was the desirable effect in the opioid group, while overdose was more common in the gabapentin group. Respiratory complications were also more common in the Gabapentin group. Conclusion: The study concluded that patients with comorbid gabapentin use disorder had a higher frequency of overdose, history of pain, and significant neuropathic pain, while less abstinence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bullying is the intentional, repeated and prolonged aggressive behavior towards victim(s) who feel powerless to defend themselves. It could influence adolescents' mental health. Some adolescents possess coping skills which enable them to overcome such adversities. The present study assessed the association between bullying, sense of coherence (SOC), resistance to peer influence (RPI) and oral health in Egyptian adolescents. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey that included 12–16 year old adolescents attending 6 schools in Damanhour, Egypt was conducted from March to December 2023. Data were collected through clinical examination and self-administered questionnaires. Clinical examination assessed dental caries (DMFT), oral hygiene (plaque index) and gingival condition (gingival index). Toothbrushing frequency and sugar consumption were assessed by (World Health Organization-child form), bullying (Revised Olweus Bully Victim Questionnaire), SOC (Sense of Coherence Scale-Short Form) and RPI (Resistance to Peer Influence Questionnaire). The independent variables were bullying, SOC and RPI. The dependent variables were untreated caries, gingival inflammation and toothbrushing frequency. Multivariable multilevel regression assessed the relationship between the independent and dependent variables after adjusting for potential confounders. Adjusted regression coefficients (B), adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Effect modifications by SOC and RPI were evaluated. Results: The response rate was 95.25% (N = 602), mean (SD) age was 14.01 (1.15). Half of the students (49.83%) were girls. About 42% had untreated caries, only 15.78% brushed their teeth twice daily and the mean (SD) gingival index was 1.57 (0.40). About 25% were victims, (9.30%) bullies and (18.60%) bully-victims. Victims showed significantly lower odds of twice daily toothbrushing (AOR = 0.52, p = 0.04). Bullies and bully-victims showed non-significantly higher odds of untreated caries (AOR = 1.42, p = 0.25), (AOR = 1.21, p = 0.42), respectively. Bullying was not associated with gingival inflammation. Higher SOC and RPI mitigated the impact of bullying on untreated caries and toothbrushing frequency. Conclusion: Bullying was associated with higher odds of untreated caries and lower odds of twice daily toothbrushing in Egyptian adolescents. Higher SOC and RPI alleviated this relationship, highlighting the importance of individual coping strategies to oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Among various growth parameters, liver and spleen size is an important parameter used for the evaluation of patients with certain disorders and abnormalities in these organs. Aim: To determine the normal dimensions for the liver, spleen, and kidney in Egyptian infants, children, and adolescents from birth to 18 years. Methods: This cross-sectional randomized study was conducted on 1861 Egyptian infants, children, and adolescents from birth to 18 years for the establishment of Z score reference of liver, spleen, and kidney parameters. Results: Egyptian children of both sexes (51.5% boys and 48.5% girls) from birth to 18 years old were studied. Then Z scores reference for liver, spleen, and kidney parameters for both sexes were represented in detailed tables and graphs. There was no statistically significant difference between both sexes, so we used unisex tables and graphs (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Determination of pathologic changes in the size of the liver, spleen, and kidney necessitates knowing the normal range of dimensions for these organs. So, our study established a Z score chart for normal values of liver, spleen, and kidney size for children and adolescents from birth to 18 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Behcet's syndrome (BS) is a variable-vessel vasculitis characterized by hyperactive innate immunity. The nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB) pathway is involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses including innate and adaptive immune responses. BS could be associated with NFKB hyperactivation. We aimed to study the association between the NFKB1 A > G (rs4648068) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and BS in Egyptian patients, in comparison to healthy controls, and to correlate the presence of rs4648068 SNP with the different activity domains of the disease. After ethical committee approval (Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt, code MD-228-2022), the International Study Group Criteria for Behçet's Disease (ISG) criteria was used to recruit 60 BS patients, and the activity of the disease was assessed using Behcet's Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF) and the Behcet Syndrome Activity Score (BSAS). Another 60 matched controls were recruited. DNA extraction was done followed by PCR amplification to detect the target SNP. Results: The GG genotype was significantly higher in BS versus controls (21.7% and 5%, respectively, p value = 0.015). Also, the G allele was significantly higher in BS versus controls (43.3% and 30%, respectively, p value = 0.033). Of the whole activity domains, only arthralgia was found to be significantly correlated with rs4648068 SNP. Conclusion: NFKB1 rs4648068 A > G SNP increases the risk of developing BS. Among patients with BS, the GG genotype is protective against developing arthralgia. There is no statistically significant relation between rs4648068 SNP and either other activity domains of BS or the different activity scores of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Electrodiagnosis is a localizing, diagnostic, and prognostic tool for individuals with suspected neuromuscular diseases. In addition to detailed history taking and thorough clinical examination, correct execution and interpretation of these tests can provide vital insights into the underlying neuromuscular disorders and frequently guide the need for proper management decision. The request for an electrodiagnosis examination should include brief clinical information and a provisional clinical diagnosis; this enhances the efficient easy performance of the test. The current study aims to detect the pattern of neuromuscular diseases in the Alexandria Main University Hospital, Egypt, and to evaluate the quality of the referral system to the electrodiagnosis unit. Results: The study included 371 patients, out of which, 65% were referred from the Governmental Specialized Medical Councils and the Neurosurgery department. Although sensory complaints were the main reason for referral, yet 28.8% of patients did not show any electrodiagnosis abnormality. A compatible referral note led to shorter test times and fewer electromyography needle insertions. Conclusion: Disorders of the peripheral nerves are the most frequent neuromuscular diseases referred to the electrodiagnosis unit with carpal tunnel syndrome being the most common disorder. A compatible referral letter is necessary when requesting an electrodiagnosis test, to save the physician time and focus on targeted procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system has an indispensable function in the uteroplacental circulation, placental growth, and blood pressure optimization. The angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene is a critical integrator for electrolyte balance, and water retention, along with inhibiting preeclampsia. The main goal of this pertaining study is to assess the contribution of ACE*(Ins/Del) variant with the susceptibility for preeclampsia with focus on the severity of the disease among gestational hypertensive women. This retrospective study included 225 participants [125 PE gestational women, and 100 normotensive healthy controls] matching with age, and geographical region. PE women classified into 82 early-onset PE women, accompanied with 43 late-onset PE women. Additionally, PE women categorized into 59 mild PE women, together with 66 severe PE women. The genotyping and characterization of ACE*(Ins/Del) variant were applied using the PCR technique. Our findings indicated higher frequency of the ACE*(Del/Del) genotype and ACE*(D allele) with elevated risk of preeclampsia compared to normotensive controls under recessive (OR = 2.09, and p-value = 0.007), and allelic (OR = 1.75, and p-value = 0.012) models. In addition, testing logistic regression revealed that the levels of endothelin-1 and malondialdehyde exposed significant difference for the ACE*(Del/Del) genotype among early-onset and late-onset PE women (p-value = 0.024, and 0.23, respectively). Furthermore, carriers of the ACE*(Del/Del) genotype observed statistically significant with lower sodium concentrations among severe PE women (p-value = 0.034). The ACE*(Del/Del) genotype and ACE*(D allele) were associated with increased risk preeclampsia among gestational women. Furthermore, early-onset PE and late-onset PE were correlated with endothelin-1 and malondialdehyde concentrations among Egyptian women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer is a serious health and life issue, with the fastest-growing incidence and fatality rates worldwide. It is now clear that inflammation is a key factor involved in all aspects of carcinogenesis, notably lung cancer development. Genetic changes, including polymorphisms in inflammatory genes, are supposed to be a significant cause of increased lung cancer risk. The main idea of this research was to disclose the linkage between both IL-6 rs1800795 and IL-1β rs16944 variants and susceptibility to non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Egyptians. This case–control design was composed of 127 cases and 138 controls, which were genotyped using the ARMS-PCR technique. To examine the NSCLC susceptibility under various genetic models, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined by logistic regression. Rs1800795 of the IL-6 gene was linked to higher odds of NSCLC under the allele model (adjusted, OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.2–4.33; p = 0.011). In the genetic models, IL-6 rs1800795 elevated the odds of NSCLC, while IL-1β rs16944 decreased the odds of NSCLC. Stratification analysis showed that IL-6 rs1800795 greatly increased the NSCLC risk in females and adenocarcinoma subtypes, whereas IL-1β rs16944 largely decreased the NSCLC risk for males, patients aged < 55, and nonsmokers. Regarding clinical data, the IL-6 variant was remarkably correlated with tumor size. This work primarily established that IL-6 and IL-1β variants have a great impact on NSCLC development in the Egyptian population; thus, it may be a supportive guide for earlier NSCLC prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saba Mahmood's anthropological work studies the gain in skills, agency, and capacity building by the women's dawa movement in Egypt. These women increase their virtue toward the goal of piety by following dominant, often patriarchal norms. Mahmood argues that "teleological feminism" ignores this gain in agency because this kind of feminism only focuses on opposition or resistance to these norms. In this paper I defend Mahmood's "anti-teleological" feminist work from criticisms that her project valorizes oppression and has no vision for a nonoppressive feminist future. I argue the future envisioned by teleological feminists gets caught in "the Hegelian" trap of replicating past oppression in their feminist future. I find in Mahmood's work the tools to escape this trap. I argue, rather than a movement of overcoming oppression, Mahmood's work suggests an immanent and creative movement that emphasizes difference for a truly new future. I turn to a Bergsonian metaphor and argue that this movement can be seen as akin to the movement of biological evolution. I conclude using the work of Eve Sedgwick that the Egyptian women that Mahmood studies are being read in a "paranoid" fashion and demonstrate using Leila Ahmed a better "reparative" reading of these women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Multiple myeloma (MM) there is increase in number of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow, and these cells secrete a monoclonal paraprotein and later on these proteins causes end organ damage. MM is a common hematological malignancy, and it is also one of the diseases that is difficult to follow-up accurately, especially when trying to know the possibilities of relapse after treatment proactively, and for this reason, the need for ways to follow-up patients with MM after treatment emerged proactively. Accurate evaluation of the depth of response to treatment, especially posttreatment with an autologous bone marrow transplant. Aim: To measure cereblon (CRBN) in MM patients postautologous stem cell transplantation to determine its prognostic impact, to do correlation with other prognostic factors and to detect its influence on maintenance treatment response. This study had 20 myeloma patients after autologous stem cell transplantation. All patients received the same treatment; induction by VCD for 6 cycles (28 days-cycle) until CR/very good partial remission. Serum CRBN was measured in all patients post-ASCT to assess the response and to check for any sign of relapse. Diagnosis and response evaluation were applied according to International guidelines. Results: This study was carried on 20 MM patients, the age ranged from 42 to 69, and most of them were males. CRBN ranged from 2.4 to 3.9 with mean of 3.1. All patients were CMV, HIV, HBV negative and 15% of them had HCV positive. In our study when comparing the complete blood count (CBC) results between 3 and 6 months after treatment, there is statistically significant increase in Hb, and Platelet; while the other complete blood count results showed no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: There is studies found a linkage between high levels of CRBN and attainment of a favorable treatment response however no important association between the presence of high levels of this marker and overall survival OS, in our study we could not prove or deny that CRBN can be used as a reliable prognostic marker and this may be because this study requires a larger number of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has heterogeneity in its behavior, and pathological and molecular identification. Hematopoiesis is regulated by microRNAs thus its aberrant expression predisposes to myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms the current research aimed to explore serum miR-26a-5p and miR-199b-5p in patients with DLBCL and to evaluate its correlation with clinicopathological features and treatment protocols of NHLs among Egyptian patients with Hepatitis C virus (HCV)Infection. Methods: We enrolled 60 participants; 30 patients with DLBCL and 30 healthy persons as the control group. all subjects were screened for the presence of HCV-RNA in both plasma and PBMCs. miR-26a-5p and miR-199b-5p levels were determined by RT-PCR. Results: Serum miR-26a-5p and miR-199b-5p level values were downregulated in DLBCL patients with HCV and OCI compared to non-HCV and controls. There were significantly higher values of both miR-26a-5p and miR-199b-5p levels in patients with complete response(n=15,50%) compared to partial response (n= 5,16.7%) and primary refractory (n=10,33.3%), p=0.001. Noteworthy, there were statistically significant negative correlations between miR-26a-5p, miR-199b-5p, LDH, and total bilirubin. Linear regression tests revealed that among examined associated variables, only LDH was the independent variable associated with miR-26a-5p and miR-199b-5p, P < 0.001. Conclusions:Serum miR-26a-5p and miR-199b-5p levels were down regulated in DLBCL patients, especially with HCV infection. Thus, these epigenetic markers could provide a new era of precision medicine to better refine diagnosis, prognostication, and rational treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research aimed to detect the relationship between organizational narcissism and workaholism, illustrate the contribution of organizational narcissism in predicting workaholism, and determine the presence of statistically significant differences between males and females in workaholism. The research was conducted on a sample of (200) of employees in some petroleum companies in Suez Governorate (125 males & 75 females) whose ages ranged between (27) and (54) years. The tools were Organizational Narcissism Scale (ONS) by Hamedoğlu & Potas (2012) and Work Addiction Risk Test (WART) by Robinson (1999) which have been translated to Arabic and standardized on Egyptian participants by the researcher. The results stated high positive correlation between organizational narcissism and workaholism. The research also emphasized on the relative contribution of organizational narcissism in predicting workaholism. And finally, there were statistically significant differences between males and females in workaholism in favor of males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a designed training program for nurses toward early detection of developmental disabilities among children aged 0–3 years. A group of 21 licensed nurses with professional experience ranging from 5–11 years participated in the study. The participants completed the measurements to evaluate their current knowledge, practice, and perception pre- and post-training program, as well as during a follow-up, in relation to early detection of disabilities. The results showed highly statistically significant difference between the studied nurses' total knowledge, perception, and practice in pre- and post-program application (p = 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the post-program and follow-up application (p = 0.180). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Over 15 million people died globally from acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in 2019, with individuals under 70 years old accounting for 40% of these untimely fatalities. Aim: The current study aimed to assess effectiveness of novel inflammatory index in prediction of coronary artery disease severity in Egyptian patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 100 patients with acute coronary syndrome. Systemic immune inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and systemic immuneinflammation response index (SIIRI) and systemic immune-inflammation response index were calculated. Results: SII ranged from 83.3 to 5310.8 with a mean value of 880.2 ± 778.62. SIRI ranged from 0.39 to 14.35 with a mean value of 3.6 ± 2.96. SIIRI ranged from 83.3 to 4632 with a mean value of 1007.3 ± 877.86. SII, SIRI and SIIRI were significantly lower in Syntax ≤ 20 group than Syntax >20 group (P value < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), including STEMI, NSTEMI, and unstable angina (UA), exhibited elevated levels of the novel inflammatory marker SIRI. This index could serve as an effective inflammatory biomarker for prognostic assessment in ACS patients, demonstrating superior predictive ability for cardiac events and longterm outcomes. Consequently, measuring SIRI presents a new opportunity to implement more aggressive treatment strategies for high-risk populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Essential thrombocythemia (ET) with Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF) and finally Polycythaemia Vera (PV), are considered the three main entities of the Philadelphia-negative MPNs. Mutations in JAKII, together with CALR and Myeloproliferative Leukemia Protein (MPL) genes can be detected in most of cases with Philadelphia-negative MPNs. The discovery of CALR mutations was implicated in better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of MPNs patients who had no mutations in JAKII or MPL genes. Patients and methods: The current study included 56 participants diagnosed with MPNs. Bone marrow trephine biopsy (BMB) was the sample of choice in our study. CALR specific monoclonal antibody (CAL2) by IHC was done for all MPN patients on BMB specimens. Results: Nearly 82 % of our cases (46/56) were positive for CALR mutation by IHC with sensitivity of 96.4%, and specificity of 88.9%, with positive predictive value of 94.7%, while negative predictive value was 92.3%, and total accuracy of CALR was 93.9%. We found a significant association between JAKII mutation and CALR positive patients (p=0.004) hyper cellular marrow was prevailing in CALR positive patients (p= 0.004). In addition, CALR mutant patients were associated significantly with higher degrees of fibrosis grade III & IV (p= 0.044). However, no significant relation between splenomegaly and CALR positivity was detected in our study. Conclusion: CAL2 by IHC was a sensitive and specific marker in detecting CALR mutation in patients diagnosed as MPN. Moreover, it was readily available and cost effective than other routine molecular techniques used in detecting such mutation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major contributor to liver-related deaths globally, with a particularly high impact in Egypt, where delayed diagnosis hinders optimal treatment. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is commonly used for HCC screening; however, its diagnostic sensitivity and specificity are limited. Serum Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Domain 7 (EGFL7) has emerged as a promising, non-invasive biomarker with the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of EGFL7 as a diagnostic tool for HCC in Egyptian patients with cirrhosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 90 participants, divided into two groups: 45 patients with HCC and liver cirrhosis and 45 cirrhotic patients without HCC. AFP and EGFL7 serum levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using ROC curve analysis, comparing sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff values for both markers. Results: EGFL7 levels were considerably higher in HCC patients compared to cirrhotic controls (37.03 ± 15.11 ng/ml vs. 6.41 ± 3.59 ng/ml, P-value <0.001). ROC curve revealed that EGFL7 had a sensitivity of 97.78% and a specificity of 93.33% at a cutoff value of 12.65 ng/ml, outperforming AFP, which had a 93.33% sensitivity and 97.78% specificity at a cutoff of 22.4 ng/ml. Conclusion: EGFL7 demonstrates higher sensitivity and comparable specificity to AFP, suggesting its utility as a superior diagnostic marker for early detection of HCC in cirrhotic patients. Incorporating EGFL7 into screening protocols may enhance early detection and improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. Among all rheumatic diseases, axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) has one of the longest delays between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic delay in a cohort of Egyptian axSpA patients, specifically the time between symptom onset and access to rheumatology care. Additionally, we aimed to analyze the factors associated with this delay and compare it to diagnostic delays observed in different countries and regions around the world. Material and methods. This cross-sectional study included 51 axSpA patients diagnosed according to the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria. All participants underwent a comprehensive assessment including history taking, clinical examination, review of laboratory and radiological investigations, and treatment. Activity and functional indices were also applied. We conducted correlative studies to analyze factors associated with the delay in diagnosis. Participants were divided into two groups: early diagnosis and late diagnosis, with a cutoff of 5 years. The two groups were compared regarding demographic data, clinical findings, activity, and functional indices. Relations between the groups were assessed using the independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney’s test for numerical variables. Results. The median (IQR) diagnostic delay was 7 years (3-10 years). Patient age was significantly correlated with diagnostic delay (P = 0.004). Comparison of the early and late diagnosis groups revealed that older patients were more likely to receive an earlier diagnosis. Conclusions. A significant delay in the diagnosis of axSpA persists among Egyptian patients. This delay is correlated with disease duration and is more likely to occur when non-rheumatologists are consulted first. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars have rightly identified the roles of literal/historical interpretation and noetic/spiritual interpretation in Cyril of Alexandria's exegesis of Scripture. This article argues that narrative contributes to both methods by using events in the past to explain Scripture's meaning. He applies concepts established historically by Exodus' recount of the Israelites' presence in Egypt to his interpretation of the prophetic books. On the one hand, his literal interpretation draws from the Israelites' return to idolatry, detailed in Exodus xxxii. On the other hand, his noetic interpretation relates the Egyptians' oppression of the Israelites detailed in Exodus i to humanity's limitations under the devil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the prevalence and severity of taste impairment among post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hemodialysis patients in a sample of the Egyptian population. Methods: This study was conducted on 272 post-COVID-19 subjects, of whom 136 were hemodialysis patients and 136 were healthy controls. History taking, clinical examination, and assessment of altered taste score, tongue coating index, salivary flow rate, and salivary pH were performed. Results: The present study revealed a high prevalence of impaired taste function in post-COVID-19 hemodialysis patients with 72.06% affected in varying degrees; mild (25%), moderate (3.68%), severe (30.15%), and overwhelming taste impairment (13.24%). However, only 12.5% of the control group reported just a mild degree of taste impairment. Conclusion: The current study has shown the high prevalence and severity of taste impairment in post-COVID-19 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis (72.06%), which indicates the combined deteriorating effect of both COVID-19 and renal failure on taste function emphasizing the importance of prompt identification and management of COVID-19 associated taste impairment to improve the quality of life in hemodialysis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early diagnosis of CH is a cornerstone and it is important to detect causes leading to diagnostic delay. Limited published data exist regarding CH in Egypt, and with no data showing characteristics of CH or causes of diagnostic delay. Aim: To investigate clinical characteristics, for CH and detect causes of diagnostic delay in Egypt. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted including all patients (age: 18–60 years) with primary headache disorders in Egypt with CH patients consecutively recruited over 1 year. Demographic and clinical characteristics as well as rate of diagnostic delay were collected. Results: This registry included 1187 patients with primary headaches over a year. CH accounted for 1.9%. The majority of CH patients were males (82%), and a mean age of 37.9 ± 10 years. The mean age of disease onset was 25 ± 8 years. Sixty-five percent had episodic CH, while 34.8% had chronic CH. Most of the patients (95.7%) had strictly unilateral pain (right side 52.2%, left side 43.5%). Autonomic features were rhinorrhea (91%), ptosis (87%), and lacrimation (78%). Migrainous features were found in 26% of patients. Bout duration of CH lasted on an average of 1–4 months. Time interval of diagnostic delay ranged from 0.5 to 29 years, with a mean diagnostic delay of 9.8 ± 7.9 years. Conclusion: This study showed that CHs present 1.9% of primary headache disorders in Egypt, with males more affected than females. the incidence of smoking was higher among CH patients. Marked diagnostic delay was found which necessitate an action toward raising awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the prevalence of atherosclerosis in ancient mummified humans, revealing that nearly 40 percent of subjects exhibited vascular calcium across various cultures and eras. Topics discussed include the incidence of atherosclerosis in both elite and non-elite populations, the vascular territories commonly affected, and the implications of these findings for understanding the disease's historical context.

The mandibular premolars can pose a significant challenge in root canal treatment due to their complex canal system. This study investigated the prevalence of multiple roots and complex canal morphology of mandibular premolars in a selected Egyptian sub-population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). 283 CBCT scans (131 males, 152 females, age 18–70) included 1132 mandibular premolars (566 first, and 566 second premolars) were viewed for incidences ofvariation in root numbers and canal configuration according to Vertucci's classification. CBCT images were assessed by two endodontists, data were statistically analyzed using Fisher exact and Chi-square tests. The majority of first premolars (85.7%) exhibited a single root, whereas 14.7% had 2 roots with a significantly higher frequency in males (19.8%) than in females (9.5%) (P <.05). The most prevalent type was type I (57.8%), followed by type V (21.7%), while types II and VII made up only 1%. Types V and III were more prevalent among females, while males had a higher prevalence of types I and IV. In 2.5% of cases, mandibular second premolars were found to have 2 roots, with a higher incidence in males (P <.05). Type I canals were significantly more prevalent (90.8%) than other types, followed by type V (5.3%) (P <.05). A statistically significant gender correlation was found regarding root number and canal configuration. It is not uncommon to find mandibular first premolars with two roots in the southern Egyptian population, particularly in males. These observations may be valuable for dentists who treat Southern Egyptians, in Egypt and other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Genetic polymorphisms play a crucial role in predicting treatment efficacy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aims to evaluate the response to Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) in relation to the genetic polymorphisms of interleukin 28B (IL28B) and angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) in HCC patients. Research design and methods: Prospective cohort study conducted on 104 eligible HCC Egyptian patients who underwent TACE using doxorubicin and lipiodol. Genotyping of the IL28B and ANGPT2 genes was performed with laboratory data analysis. Results: At baseline IL28B rs12979860 genotypes C/T, C/C and T/T appeared in 43.9%, 34.6% and 21.5% while ANGPT2 rs55633437 genotypes C/C, C/A and A/A found in 71.03%, 28.04% and 0.93% of patients respectively. After one month of therapy, 51.4% of patients achieved a complete response. There was a significant difference in relation to IL28B rs12979860 genotypes (p = 0.017) whereas ANGPT2 rs55633437 genotypes (p = 0.432) showed no significant difference in patient response after one month of TACE Conclusion: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of TACE in Egyptian HCC patients, as evidenced by low recurrence rates. Furthermore, the IL28B rs12979860 (C/T) gene may be associated with the efficacy and prognosis of TACE treatment in HCC Egyptian patients. Trial Registration: The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (CT.gov identifier: NCT05291338) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate and compare the soft tissue chin (STC) thickness at different chin levels with different vertical growth patterns among the adult patients in a sample from Egyptian population. Patients and methods: One hundred eighty pretreated lateral cephalograms of Egyptian orthodontic patients of both sexes with class Ι malocclusion (ANB 2°–4° according to Aboul-Azm and colleagues) and different vertical skeletal patterns. With age ranging from 16 to 22 years old. The enrolled cases were divided into three groups based on their vertical skeletal patterns using angular measurements of Steiner analysis (SN-GoGn). High angle SN-MP angle more than 37, low angle SN-MP angle less than 27, and average angle SN-MP angle 27–37. The STC thicknesses were measured at pogonion (Pog), gnathion (Gn), and menton (Me). Group differences were evaluated with two-way analysis of variance and Students t test. The Pearson product moment correlation gauged associations between parameters. Results: The STC values were greater in men than women (P < 0.04) and were smaller in the high group (9.06 ± 1.28 mm) than in all other groups at Gn (mean values 20.672 m; P = 0.001) and at Me (high group 8.22 ± 1.94 mm; other groups 10.18 ± 3.56 mm, STC 9.11 ± 2.37 mm; P = 0.001). Conclusion: The STC thickness had the highest measurements in the hypodivergent group at pogonion, gnathion, and menton and the lowest being in the hyperdivergent group. This differential thickness warrants focused research as it implies that it is possible. The STC thickness apparently adapts to severe hyperdivergence through increased stretching of the STC thickness with progressive increase in facial divergence. The possibility that more advancement genioplasty to achieve better chin projection may be needed in patients with severe hyperdivergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research is the property of Arabian Gulf University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research is the property of Arabian Gulf University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Endothelial dysfunction is an integral pathophysiologic mechanism in sickle cell disease (SCD), and can lead to many complications. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a SCD complication with diverse incidence and pathophysiology. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of SDB in children with SCD and to assess its relation to endothelial dysfunction. Methods: Sixty children with SCD and 60 healthy controls were enrolled. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17A were evaluated in the entire cohort using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Polysomnography (PSG) was performed for all SCD patients after completion of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). Results: TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17A levels were significantly greater in children with SCD than in controls (p-values < 0.001, < 0.001, and 0.006, respectively). The PSQ revealed symptoms suggestive of SDB in 50 children with SCD (83.3%), and PSG revealed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in 44 children with SCD (73.3%); 22 patients had mild OSA, and 22 had moderate-to-severe OSA according to the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). TNF-α was significantly greater in SCD children who reported heavy or loud breathing, trouble breathing or struggle to breathe, and difficulty waking up in the morning (p-values = 0.002, 0.002, and 0.031, respectively). The IL-6 levels were significantly greater in SCD children who stopped growing normally (p-value = 0.002). The levels of IL-6 and IL-17A were significantly greater in SCD children with morning headaches (p-values = 0.007 and 0.004, respectively). Conclusion: Children with SCD showed a high prevalence of SDB with significantly elevated levels of markers of endothelial function, highlighting the interplay of SDB and endothelial dysfunction in SCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Laryngoscopy is a diagnostic procedure utilized in critical care to examine and visualize the larynx through the diversion of upper airway structures. Its primary functions are airway management and tracheal intubation. The objective of this study was to detect the predictors of laryngeal exposure during microlaryngeal surgery (MLS). Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on a consecutive sample of 100 patients presenting laryngeal lesions that were trans-orally microsurgeries to treat various glottic diseases (biopsies revealed 68% benign lesions such as vocal fold polyps, cysts, and nodules, and 32% glottic masses) and prepared for MLS. Results: This study included 100 patients presenting laryngeal lesions from both sexes with the age of 47.0 ± 14.7 years, in multivariate logistic regression analysis, all these parameters were significant predictors for Cormack–Lehane and Italian Grading (P < 0.05). Body mass index (BMI) (OR = 3.449, 95% CI = 2.463–8.187), mandibular protrusion test (OR = 2.981, 95% CI = 1.922–4.044), mento-sternal length (OR = 3.722, 95% CI = 1.980–7.794), and atlanto-occipital joint (AOJ) extension (OR = 1.572, 95% CI = 1.865–4.263). Cormack–Lehane and Italian Grading was significantly associated with BMI, mandibular protrusion test, Mallampati Index, mento-thyroid, mento-sternal length, and AOJ extension, it increased with BMI of > 35, with more protruded mandible (class C), higher Mallampati Index (class III) and shorter mento-sternal distance (≤ 12.5 cm). Conclusions: During microlaryngeal surgery, BMI, mandibular protrusion test, Mallampati Index, mento sternal and AOJ extension were significant predictors of Cormack–Lehane and Italian Grading which makes it easier for laryngeal exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Napkin rashes represent different varieties of cutaneous lesions that affect the napkin area and cause a burden on infants and their parents. Objective To evaluate different diaper rashes in pediatric patients less than 3 years old. Patients and methods All 300 pediatric patients with napkin lesions were included in the study. Every patient’s personal and medical history as well as photographs were compiled and recorded in data sheets. Results The most common rashes affecting the napkin area were contacted napkin dermatitis (29%) and napkin candidiasis (28%) followed by hand-foot mouth disease (12%). There was a statistically significant relation between the rate of daily napkin changing and the occurrence of contact napkin dermatitis. Conclusion Different types of cutaneous rashes could affect the napkin area other than contact napkin dermatitis and candidiasis, which should be taken into consideration during the evaluation of napkin lesions.