Search

半尾川（はんのをがわ）は，広島県東広島市中心部の西条地区を北から南に流れるコンクリート三面護岸化された小河川である。この川の環境に関する状況と将来の環境改善に向けた課題を明らかにするために，水質調査，水生生物調査，周辺住民の半尾川に対する認識についてのアンケート調査を実施した。水質調査の結果，BODは1.1~3.7 mg L-1の範囲にあり，やや汚染されていることが示唆された。しかし，トラップによる生物調査では全国水生生物調査で指定されている指標生物8種が確認され，この中には比較的きれいな水の指標生物も含まれていた。住民の意識調査の結果，最近10年以内に転入してきた住民は，それ以前から住んでいる住民にくらべ，半尾川の環境に関心が薄い傾向が認められた。今後，環境改善を進めていくためには，住民の関心を高めることが不可欠と考えられる。, The Hannoogawa River in the western part of central Saijo town, Higashi-Hiroshima City, is a concrete-lined stream flowing north to south. To clarify its current environmental state and identify challenges for future environmental improvement, we surveyed the water quality, aquatic animals, and the local residents’ awareness of the stream. The biochemical oxygen demand of the stream water ranged between 1.1 and 3.7 mg L-1, indicating that the water was moderately polluted. However, several aquatic species that prefer oligotrophic water were recorded in a trap survey. An awareness questionnaire survey showed that newer residents who had moved to the area within the last 10 years tended to have little interest in the stream environment as compared with the responses of older residents. The results suggest a need for social outreach to increase residents’ awareness of the stream and thus fulfil the requirements for environmental improvements.

This paper proposes a hybrid method integrating case-based reasoning (CBR) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methods to reinforce the sustainable performance of an environmental management system. The CBR&ndash, AHP method aims to support the decision-making process to select environmental management actions (EMAs) aimed at reducing risky trends of the environmental state of a region. The CBR methods takes advantage of a set of situation&ndash, solution pairs called cases, which are stored in a memory and then retrieved as candidates to solve new problems. Situations in this work are represented by a set of risky trends of key environmental pathways (KEPs) related to CO2 emissions, air quality, loss of vegetation cover, water availability, and solid waste, the combination of which damage the environmental state quality of a region. Meanwhile, solutions are represented by a set of EMAs. Similar situations to a given current situation are retrieved from the memory of cases, and then their solutions are combined through an adaptation mechanism, until the solution of the current problem is obtained. The AHP method is used to assign weights to environmental variables and to alternative solutions represented by EMAs. We used risky trends derived from real data related to the environmental states of a Mexican region to test the proposed CBR&ndash, AHP hybrid method. The results obtained provided insights into the potential of the CBR&ndash, AHP hybrid method to support the decision-making process to select EMAs aimed at reducing risky trends of current environmental states.

The difference schemes of the method of variable directions for numerical realization of two-dimensional models in different frames account for environmental heterogeneity of matter distribution have been presented. The schemes allow to measure concentration of substances in real objects through building of functions, modeling various boundary conditions. A software complex for their implementation has been devised and the test findings as well as their analysis have been presented. To model processes which parameters depend on three spatial coordinates, we have suggested numerical schemes for implementing three-dimensional models that are absolutely stable and have the second order of accuracy at all spatial coordinates. Contaminated areas of anthropogenic origin, particularly surface and underground waters as well as soils have been analyzed. The mathematical models of diffusion processes, based on the use of two- and three-dimensional diffusion equations with a wide range of boundary and initial conditions, have been suggested. It is determined that exact solutions prohibit studying of the peculiarities of their behavior depending on the type of boundary conditions, therefore we suggest using numerical solutions.

Originally conceived to be omissive, the State Administration grew and multiplied. The article analyses the original idea and its implications, given the notion that today there are many States within the same State. Therefore, we need to develop different methodologies for each type of State Administration., Originalmente concebido para ser omissivo, o Estado Administrativo cresceu e se multiplicou. O artigo examina a ideia original e os seus desdobramentos, dento da noção de que, hoje, existem muitos Estados dentro do mesmo Estado. Logo, é preciso que nos apercebamos disso e desenvolvamos metodologias distintas para cada espécie de Estado Administrativo.

The environment, guaranteed in the brazilian Constitution of 1988 as a fundamental right, has a broad definition, that, beyond the mere reference to nature, contemplating life in all its forms and expressions. In this broad understanding, ecologically balanced environment and essential to a healthy quality of life shall be guaranteed not only for present generations and also for those who has to come. This guarantee for future generations is an expression of the principle of intergenerational equity that inspires but an environmental state, at least a greening democratic state., O meio ambiente, garantido na Constituição da República de 1988 como um direito fundamental, possui uma definição ampla que, para além da simples referência à natureza, contempla a vida em todas as suas formas e expressões. Nessa compreensão alargada, o meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado e essencial à sadia qualidade de vida deve ser garantido não somente para as presentes gerações como igualmente para as que estão por vir. Essa garantia para as futuras gerações é expressão do princípio da equidade intergeracional que inspira senão um Estado ambiental, pelo menos um Estado Democrático de Direito, tingido de verde.

How are environmental policy goals implemented and sustained in the context of political stagnation surrounding national climate policies in the United States? In this paper, we discuss Ecological Modernization Theory as a tool for understanding the complexity of climate governance at the sub-national level. In particular, we explore the emergence of hybrid governance arrangements during the local implementation of federal energy efficiency programs in US cities. We analyze the formation and advancement of programs associated with one effort to establish a sub-national low carbon energy policy: the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant (EECBG) program administered by the US Department of Energy. Our findings highlight the diverse range of partnerships between state, private, and civil society actors that emerged through this program and point to some of the challenges associated with collaborative climate governance initiatives at the city level. Although some programs reflected ecologically modern outcomes, other cities were constrained in their ability to move beyond the status quo due to the demands of state bureaucracies and the challenges associated with inconsistent funding. We find that these programs cultivated hybrid arrangements in an effort to sustain the projects following the termination of federal grant funding. Overall, hybrid governance plays an important role in the implementation and long-term sustainability of climate-related policies.

A framework is presented for thinking about state intervention in developed capitalist economies in two domains: social policy and environmental policy (and, within that, climate-change policy). Five drivers of welfare state development are identified, the ‘five Is’ of Industrialisation: Interests, Institutions, Ideas/Ideologies, and International Influences. Research applying this framework to the postwar development of welfare states in the OECD is summarised, distinguishing two periods: up to 1980, and from 1980 to 2008. How far this framework can contribute to understanding the rise and differential patterns of environmental governance and intervention across advanced capitalist states since 1970 is explored, before briefly comparing and contrasting the determinants of welfare states and environmental states, identifying common drivers in both domains and regime-specific drivers in each. The same framework is then applied to developments since 2008 and into the near future, sketching two potential configurations and speculating on the conditions for closer, more integrated ‘eco-welfare states’.

‘Bringing the state back in’ to research on comparative, inter-, and trans-national environmental politics and policy will contribute to better understanding of the limits and prospects of contemporary approaches to environmental politics and the overall evolution of contemporary states once environmental issues become central. The rationale for the state as an analytical perspective in environmental policy and politics is explained, and an empirically oriented concept of the environmental state is introduced, along with a tentative sketch of its evolution in historical perspective. A research agenda on the environmental state is mapped out, centring around variation and convergence in environmental states across space and time; the political/economic dynamics of contemporary environmental states; and inter-linkages among environmental problems, the constitution of political communities, and the functioning of the public power. In conclusion, the ways in which the contributions to this volume address that research agenda are introduced.

Рассматриваются основные направления применения дистанционных технологий в Республике Армения. Изложены базовые научно-технологические ресурсы для развития перспективных направлений, которые обеспечат надежную научно-методическую основу для совершенствования и разработки дистанционных методов и создания на этой основе мониторинговой системы The main areas of the use of remote sensing technologies in Armenia are considered in the article. The basic scientific-technological resources for their perspective development are also discussed. The later will serve a background for the development of remote sensing methods and monitoring system in the future

Slovenski je dio Jadranskoga mora njegov najsjeverniji dio koji obuhvaća oko 200 km2 i dio je širega Tršćanskog zaljeva. Slovenska obala prostire se na 47 km uglavnom strme, abrazijske obale od lapora i pješčenjaka. Niska akumulacijska obala nalazi se samo kod ušća vodenih tokova i čini manji dio, a najmanji dio pripada vapnenačkoj abrazijskoj obali. Kopneni obalni pojas uglavnom je brežuljkast i reljefno jako raščlanjen, a zaravni se nalaze u manjoj mjeri samo u donjim dijelovima riječnih dolina. Slovensko more ulazi u kopno s dva veća zaljeva, Koparskim i Piranskim, pa je stoga veoma plitko. Prosječna dubina je oko 18 m, a najveća je kod piranskog rta Madona. Dno mora većim je dijelom pokriveno sedimentima koji su posljedica abrazije strmih stjenovitih obala i akumulacije riječnih nanosa. Zbog plitkosti more je izloženo velikim temperaturnim kolebanjima, a zbog dotjecanja slatke vode i promjenama saliniteta vode. Kretanje morske vode u najvećoj je mjeri posljedica morske mijene i vjetrova, poglavito bure, koja značajno utječe na vertikalno kruženje vode. Strujanje je slabo i promjenljiva smjera. Erozijom zemlje i površinskim dotjecanjem oborina, vodenim tokovima i neposrednim ispuštanjem otpadnih voda u slovensko more dotječu mnogobrojne hranjive tvari. Posljedica je spomenutih obilježja velika pokrajinska osjetljivost ekosustava obalnoga mora. More se ljeti intenzivno ugrije i uz slabo kruženje vode česte su pojave nedostatka kisika u dubljim slojevima vode, intenzivnog rasta algi i cvjetanja, što upućuje na premašen kapacitet samočišćenja (asimilacijski) morskog ekosustava. Glavni su izvori zagađenja obalni gradovi Kopar, Izola, Piran i Portorož, nautički turizam s marinama, pomorski promet te lučka aktivnost Luke Kopar. Zbog ljudskih aktivnosti još uvijek se povećavaju pritisci na morski ekosustav, i na kopnu, i na moru, unatoč pojedinim mjerama smanjenja onečišćenja. Slovensko je obalno more, prema ocjeni Mediteranskog akcijskog plana (UNEP-MAP), zbog svojih oceanografskih značajki i utjecaja gospodarske djelatnosti, uvršteno među najosjetljivije i ugrožene dijelove Sredozemlja. Stanje okoliša slovenskoga dijela Jadranskoga mora nastojalo se predočiti pomoću modela DPSIR, odnosno dopunjenoga Integralnoga geografskog modela proučavanja okoliša i njegovih komponenti., Slovenian part of the Adriatic Sea is its most northern part which occupies approximately 200 km2 and is a part of the wider Gulf of Trieste. Slovenian coast consists of 47 kilometers of mostly steep, abrasive marl and sandstone coast. Low accumulation coast is located only at the mouths of the watercourses and represents but a smaller portion, whereas the smallest part is occupied by the limestone abrasion coast. Mainland coastal region is mostly hillside and has a very diverse relief, while plains, in smaller numbers, are located only in the lower parts of the river valleys. Slovenian sea indents the mainland by two larger gulfs: the Gulf of Koper and of Piran and is predominately very shallow. The average depth is around 18 m and the largest depth is 38 m at the Madona cape near Piran. Sea bottom is mostly covered by the thick layer of sediments deposited after the abrasion of the steep cliff coast and by the accumulation of the river alluvium. Due to its shallowness the sea is exposed to high temperature fluctuations and due to the fresh water influx also to the changes of its salinity. The circulation of the sea water is mainly induced by the tide and wind activities, mostly the Bora (strong north-easterly wind) which significantly influences the vertical circulation of the water. Water current is weak and unstable. There is a large influx of nutrients into the Slovenian sea, resulting from the soil erosion, surface water influx, watercourses and direct emissions of waste waters into the sea. The consequence of the mentioned sea characteristics is a great landscape sensitivity of the coastal sea ecosystem. During summer the sea warms intensely and when accompanied by the weak water circulation, we are often witnessing the lack of oxygen in the deeper layers of the water, intensive algae growth and sea blooming, which points to exceeded self-cleaning (assimilation) capacities of the marine ecosystem. The major polluters are the coastal towns of: Koper, Izola, Piran and Portorož, nautical tourism with marines, naval traffic and the port activity of the Luka Koper. The pressures on the marine ecosystem due to the human activities are still increasing, both on the mainland and in the sea, despite some measures to reduce the pollution. According to the assessment of the Mediterranean action plan (UNEP-MAP), Slovenian coastal sea is, due to its oceanographic characteristics and the economic activities influence, ranked among the most sensitive and endangered parts of the Mediterranean. Environmental state of the Slovenian part of the Adriatic Sea will try to be presented through the DPSIR model or the amended Integral Model of Geographical Study of the Environment and its Components.

Проведено аналіз забруднених зон антропогенного походження, зокрема поверхневих та підземних вод. Проаналізовано стан і характер процесів, що відбуваються в межах Домбровського кар’єру, а також інших промислових зон України, що зазнають техногенних впливів. Запропоновано математичні моделі дифузійних процесів, а також різницеві схеми методу змінних напрямів для чисельної реалізації моделей, вказано напрями подальших досліджень., Проведен анализ загрязненных зон антропогенного происхождения, в частности поверхностных и подземных вод. Проанализировано состояние и характер процессов, происходящих в пределах Домбровского карьера, а также других промышленных зон Украины, испытывающие техногенные нагрузки. Предложены математические модели диффузионных процессов, а также разностные схемы метода переменных направлений для численной реализации моделей, указано направления дальнейших исследований., We have analyzed contaminated areas of anthropogenic origin, particularly surface and underground water as well as soil. We have considered the state and nature of processes happening within the Dombrov mine (mining potash) and other industrial areas of Ukraine that are vulnerable to technogenic impact. The suggested mathematical models of diffusion processes are based on the use of two- and three-dimensional diffusion equations with a wide range of boundary and initial conditions. It is determined that exact solutions inhibit studying the peculiarities of their behavior depending on the type of boundary conditions, therefore we suggest using numerical solutions. The presented difference schemes of the method of variable directions for numerical realization of two-dimentional models in different frames account for environmental heterogeneity of matter distribution. The schemes allow to measure concentration of substances in real objects through building functions that model various boundary conditions. We have devised a program complex for their implementation and presented the test findings as well as their analysis. To model processes whose parameters depend on three spatial coordinates, we have suggested numerical schemes for implementing three-dimensional models that are absolutely stable and have the second order of accuracy at all spatial coordinates. The study is completed with specification of the directions for further research.

Contaminated areas of anthropogenic origin, particularly surface and underground waters as well as soils, have been analyzed. The mathematical models of diffusion processes, based on the use of two- and three-dimensional diffusion equations with a wide range of boundary and initial conditions, have been suggested. It is determined that exact solutions prohibit studying of the peculiarities of their behavior, depending on the type of boundaiy conditions: therefore we suggest using numerical solutions. The difference schemes of the method of variable directions for numerical realization of two-dimensional models in different frames, accounting for environmental heterogeneity of matter distribution have been presented. 'I he schemes allow to measure concentration of substances in real objects through building of functions, modeling various boundary conditions, A software complex for their implementation has been devised and the test findings as well as their analysis have been presented. To model processes which parameters depend on three spatial coordinates, we have suggested numerical schemes for implementing three-dimensional models that are absolutely stable and have the second order of accuracy at all spatial coordinates.

This research analyzed the possibility of characterize the current Brazilian State as an Environmental State and the consequences of this phenomenon. The concern with the environment preservation just began more strongly in the 70´s when the world started to realize the effects of inappropriate use of natural resources. It was recognized, since then, the existence of an environmental crisis that combined with the development phase that the world is, called by Ulrich Beck of risk society, promote the conditions to develop a new State model - the Environmental State - characterized by the insertion of the environmental concern among the governmental objectives. The national doctrine admits the adoption of the Environmental State according to 1988 Constitution because it is written in its text the obligation to protect the environment and as well as the recognition of the ecologically balanced environment as a fundamental right. To endorse this doctrinal position, the research investigated the presence of Environmental State characteristics in the 1988 constitutional text indicating the capable instruments to justify this statement. As the assumption of the existence of a Brazilian Environmental State was proved, the work studied two ways to contribute to the implementation of this new state model: the need for new pre-understandings from the Constitution interpreters as well as the requirement for new behaviors from the government. According to the Hans-George Gadamer philosophical rmeneutics, to understand something it is necessary a preunderstanding of the issue. Thus, to accomplish the Environmental State is necessary, initially, that the Constitution interpreter re-understands the ecological issues. In this sense, this work indicates four necessary pre-understandings to the implementation of the Brazilian Environmental State which are: the environmental crisis, the risk society and the creation of environmental problems, the need for a new relationship between man and nature, the concept of sustainable development and prohibition to retrogress in environmental subjects. In addition, it points out the ways to the Government achieve this new state model. A pesquisa buscou averiguar a possibilidade de se caracterizar o atual Estado Brasileiro como um Estado Ambiental bem como discutir as consequências desse fenômeno. A preocupação com a preservação do meio ambiente iniciou-se de modo mais contundente a partir da década de 70 quando se começou a perceber os efeitos do uso inadequado dos recursos naturais. Reconheceu-se, a partir de então, a existência de uma crise ambiental a qual aliada à fase de desenvolvimento em que o mundo se encontra, denominada por Ulrich Beck de sociedade de risco, acabaram por criar as condições para que se desenvolvesse um novo modelo de Estado - o Estado Ambiental - caracterizado pela inserção da preocupação ambiental entre os objetivos estatais.A doutrina nacional admite a adoção do Estado Ambiental pela Constituição de 1988 em razão de constar em seu texto a obrigação da proteção do meio ambiente bem como de reconhecer o meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado como um direito fundamental. Para constatar essa posição doutrinária a pesquisa investigou a presença das cacterísticas de um Estado Ambiental no texto Constitucional de 1988 indicando os dispositivos capazes de fundamentar a afirmação. Confirmada a premissa da existência de um Estado Ambiental Brasileiro o trabalho buscou estudar duas formas de se contribuir para a efetivação desse novo modelo estatal: a necessidade de novas pré-compreensões por parte dos intérpretes da Constituição bem como a obrigatoriedade de novas condutas por parte dos poderes públicos. Segundo a hermenêutica filosófica de Hans-George Gadamer desenvolvida em sua obra Verdade e Método, para compreender algo é necessário antes uma pré-compreensão da questão. Assim, para se efetivar o Estado Ambiental é preciso, inicialmente, que o intérprete da Constituição précompreenda a questão ecológica. Nesse sentido, o trabalho indica quatro précompreensões necessárias à efetivação do Estado Ambiental Brasileiro quais sejam a crise ambiental, a sociedade de risco e as gerações de problemas ambientais, a necessidade de uma nova relação entre o homem a natureza, o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável e a proibição de retrocesso em matéria ambiental. Além disso, pontua formas do Poder Público concretizar esse novo modelo de Estado.

Conference paper The scheduling of workflow applications involves the mapping of individual workflow tasks to computational resources, based on a range of functional and non-functional quality of service requirements. Workflow applications such as scientific workflows often require extensive computational processing and generate significant amounts of experimental data. The emergence of cloud computing has introduced a utility-type market model, where computational resources of varying capacities can be procured on demand, in a pay-per-use fashion. In workflow based applications dependencies exist amongst tasks which requires the generation of schedules in accordance with defined precedence constraints. These constraints pose a difficult planning problem, where tasks must be scheduled for execution only once all their parent tasks have completed. In general the two most important objectives of workflow schedulers are the minimisation of both cost and make span. The cost of workflow execution consists of both computational costs incurred from processing individual tasks, and data transmission costs. With scientific workflows potentially large amounts of data must be transferred between compute and storage sites. This paper proposes a novel cloud workflow scheduling approach which employs a Markov Decision Process to optimally guide the workflow execution process depending on environmental state. In addition the system employs a genetic algorithm to evolve workflow schedules. The overall architecture is presented, and initial results indicate the potential of this approach for developing viable workflow schedules on the Cloud. Science Foundation Ireland non-peer-reviewed

Rapporten beskriver resultatene fra undersøkelser av miljøtilstand i Femunden, Trysilelva og Røgden i 2009. Eventuelle endringer fra tidligere undersøkelser er også vurdert. Femunden er en næringsfattig innsjø med svært god økologisk tilstand i forhold til overgjødsling. Innsjøen er ikke forsuret, og konsentrasjonene av metaller i vannet er lave. Middelkonsentrasjonen av kvikksølv i ørret var på 0,21 mg/kg (0,03-0,80 mg/kg) i 2008-2009. I Trysilelva ved Lutnes indikerte konsentrasjonene av næringsstoffer og begroingssamfunnets sammensetning svært god økologisk tilstand i 2009. Bunndyrsamfunnet viste imidlertid moderat tilstand, mens tilstanden ble vudert som god i 2006 og 2008. Konsentrasjonene av metaller var lave i Trysilelva, og konsentrasjonen av kvikksølv i undersøkte ørreter var under grenseverdien på 0,5 mg/kg (0,06-0,38 mg/kg). Røgden hadde i 2008 og 2009 svakt sure vannmasser, god syrenøytraliserende kapasitet og lav konsentrasjon av toksisk aluminium. Alkaliteten og konsentrasjonen av kalsium har vist en synkende tendens etter at kalkingen opphørte, men det ble ikke registrert forverring av vannkvaliteten fra 2008 til 2009. Ingen av de undersøkte gjeddene fra Røgden, fanget i 2009, hadde konsentrasjoner av kvikksølv over grenseverdien på 1,0 mg/kg. Tidligere er det målt konsentrasjoner på over 1,0 mg/kg i gjedde større enn 4 kg. Ca. 80 % av abboren i størrelsen over 150 g hadde konsentrasjoner av kvikksølv over grenseverdien på 0,5 mg/kg. Undersøkte klororganiske miljøgifter ble i hovedsak ikke påvist i prøvene av fisk fra de tre lokalitetene, eller konsentrasjonene lå innenfor de vanlige bakgrunnsnivåene for ferskvannsfisk i Norge. Konsentrasjonene av PCB og DDT i en blandprøve av ørret fra Femunden lå imidlertid litt høyere enn disse nivåene. Fylkesmannen i Hedmark, miljøvernavdelingen v/Ola Gillund

Стаття присвячена актуальній проблемі поводження з промисловими відходами в великих індустріально розвинутих центрах України. Проаналізовано причини та виявлено небезпечні чинники забруднення ґрунтів. Екологічний аналіз проблемних ситуацій в цих регіонах дає змогу прийняти науково обґрунтовані і виважені управлінські рішення з метою впровадження екологічно безпечного природокористування, Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме обращения с промышленными отходами в больших индустриальных центрах Украины. Проанализированы причины и выявлены опасные факторы загрязнения почв. Экологический анализ проблемных ситуаций в этих регионах дает возможность принять научно обоснованные и взвешенные управленческие решения с целью внедрения экологически безопасного природопользования, The paper is devoted to the very topical problem: industrial waste management in big industrial cities in Ukraine. Causes of soil contamination are analysed and dangerous effects are identified. Environmental analysis of situations in these regions allows to ensure decision-making, aimed at sustainable development and rational nature use

(Achieving quality targets of water bodies). - Target of this paper is to draw the relationship between environmental factors and some impacts due to human activity, in order to outline environmental quality restoring strategies for water bodies, which include among result indicators also biological parameters expected for Italian regulation and European directives. Morphologic equilibrium and correct knowledge of processes regulating ?uvial dynamic, as basic factor of ecosystem functionality condition, are highlighted. Statistic evaluation processes of water quality data and implementation and validation of mathematical models are described.

The aim of EON2000+ is to integrate environmental state and socio-economic pressure indicators for protection purposes in support of the conventions on Biodiversity and European biodiversity strategy. The project focus on the development of generic indicators of the state of the environment (inventory and monitoring) & pressures (socio-economic), demonstrating multiple purpose indicators of a generic nature. The method involves the integration and analysis of EO, environmental and socio-economic data in a GIS, calculation and testing of indicators and the dissemination to users and the general public via an Internet based system. This has involved working with end-users throughout the project lifecycle. Socio-economic and commercial exploitation issues will be addressed via the Business work package & plan, supported by a specialist subcontractor. EO data analysis includes assessment and use of new commercial VHR (Ikonos) satellite imagery. The project relates the results to relevant issues at the local end-user level to issues relevant to the EU policy level. Assess indicator harmonization on a pan-European level and the development of repeatable approaches on a variety of scales. This project will enhance the quality of life of European citizens by contributing directly to the protection of European environment. This will have a direct benefit to citizens, where natural environments are sustained for the benefit and enjoyment of current and future generations. The indicators to be developed through the work of the project will complement additional indicators derived through other local, national and European initiatives. Together they will provide European Communities with independent information to gauge the local/regional outcomes and effects of policies implemented at National/EU level., NERSC Technical Report no. 253. Funded by the European Union, Contract no. EVG1-CT-2000-00028 EON2000+

This report provides the results from 2002 of the Danish Aquatic Monitoring and Assessment