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Copyright of Canadian Journal of Animal Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Lichen Planus (LP) is a mucocutaneous disease that can presents important morbity and to evolve to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The present study aimed to report a series of cases of Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) assessing the frequence, sociodemographic factors, therapeutic and the evolution of that disease in a population assisted in a Oral Medicine Service from Center of Rio Grande do Sul State. The obtained data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistic. Among the 574 assessed files 16 cases of OLP were found, of which 13 were in women and 3 in men; 12 in withe and 4 in black people. The average age was of 56.4 (±59) years. The most frequent clinical variant of OLP was the erosivus with 11 (68.75%) cases and the buccal mucosa was the most common site for disease with 8 cases followed by the tongue with 6 and by the attached gingiva with 2 cases. The author concluded that the OLP's frequence was of 2.78%. The topical corticoid was the most usual treatment and among the 16 one case suffered transformation to SCC. It is of utmost importance to create a rigorous clinical protocol to follow up these lesions, to be used both in public and private care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La syllepse, pouvant être définie comme l’emploi d’une occurrence de mot dans deux sens différents, est une des figures de prédilection de Francis Ponge. Cet article examine les syllepses employées à la fin des poèmes de Ponge et s’intéresse à cette figure du point de vue de sa réception. À l’aide d’une analyse quantitative d’un corpus composé de 90 poèmes de Ponge, nous avons voulu tester l’hypothèse selon laquelle la fréquence de syllepses serait particulièrement élevée dans la partie finale de ses poèmes. Les résultats, inattendus, tendent à infirmer cette hypothèse, car il s’est avéré que la fin des textes étudiés ne se distingue pas par une fréquence de syllepses spécialement élevée. Ainsi, la fréquence ne se présente pas, ici, comme un facteur décisif permettant de comprendre le caractère saillant des syllepses apparaissant à la fin des textes, c’est-à-dire d’expliquer le fait que celles-ci sont susceptibles d’attirer beaucoup l’attention lorsqu’elles sont employées à cet endroit. En revanche, les résultats indiquent, indirectement, l’importance des facteurs positionnels pour la perception de cette figure : il se peut en effet qu’une syllepse soit perçue comme saillante du fait même de son positionnement, par exemple en raison de sa position à la fin du texte.

INTRODUCTION: l'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la fréquence des FPN ainsi que d'évaluer le pronostic néonatal du faible poids de naissance (FPN)dansla ville de Lubumbashi. METHODES: c'était une étude cas-témoins des accouchements (grossesses monofétales) de juillet à décembre 2014 dans 3 maternités de référence à Lubumbashi (RDCongo). Les paramètres en rapport avec le nouveau-né du groupe d'étude (=2500 grammes) ont été comparés à ceux du groupe de comparaison. Les statistiques usuelles et la régression logistique ont été utilisées pour analyser les résultats. Le seuil de significativité a été fixé à une valeur de p=0,05. RESULTATS: la fréquence du FPN était de 13,0%. Trois pourcent des cas étaient des très grands prématurés et18,7% étaient des grands prématurés. L'hypotrophie n'avait concerné que 32,1%. Les extrêmement petits poids de naissance représentaient 5,6% des cas et les très petits poids 21,2%. Nous avons observé que le score d'Apgar à la 5ème minute (ORajusté=2,4 [1,2-4,6]), la réanimation à la naissance (ORajusté=3,9 [2,4-6,5]),le décès en période néonatale précoce(ORajusté=10,3 [3,4-31,1]) ont été significativement associés au FPN.Nous avons également trouvé que le taux de mortalité diminue au fur et à mesure que le poids de naissance et l'âge gestationnel augmentent, avec une différence statistiquement significative (p=0,0001). CONCLUSION: la présente étude montre que la morbidité et la mortalité néonatales liées au FPN restent élevées dans la ville de Lubumbashi. Leur réduction passe par une accessibilité et une amélioration du système de soins de santé dans notre milieu.

La procédure de correction d’un modele analytique adopté pour une structure de construction est précédée d’une comparaison entre le set des données expérimentales et celui des données analytiques, pour une vérification préliminaire concernant la correspondance raisonnable entre ces données. Pour l’identification dynamique des parametres ont été élaborées diverses méthodes de correction des matrices de rigidité et de l’amortissement qui ont a leur base la méthode des moindres carrés dans le domaine des fréquences. L’algorithme proposé a comme résultat la correction de la matrice de rigidité d’un modele de calcul en utilisant comme données d’entrée seulement celles enregistrées pendant les essais expérimentaux.

INTRODUCTION: il s'est agit ici de déterminer la fréquence et les facteurs de risques de mortalité néonatale au service néonatologie de l'Etablissement Hospitalier Spécialisé Gynécologie Obstétrique de la wilaya de Sidi Bel Abbés (Ouest Algérien). METHODES: il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective a visée descriptive et analytique porté sur tous les décès de 2011-2012 survenus au service de néonatologie de Sidi Bel Abbes. RESULTATS: au total 1209 cas de mortalité néonatale ont été enregistré durant les deux années (2011-2012), soit une fréquence de 5.3%. Il s'agissait dans 96,85% des cas de mortalité précoce. La mortalité néonatale étant multifactorielle, l'analyse statistique a pu incriminer de façon majoritaire: l'âge maternel avancé (35) (OR = 3.1; IC 95 % (2.30 -4.40); p = 0.001); la multiparité (OR = 8.15; IC 95% (2.85-10.05); p = 0.001); l'infection génitale(OR = 5.3; IC 95% (2.5-6.7); p = 0.001) ; la prématurité (OR = 10.08; IC 95% (3.45-12.02); p = 0.001); le faible poids de naissance (OR = 4.5; IC 95% (1.6-10.5); p = 0.001); l'ictère (OR = 4.8; IC 95% (1.26-6.02; p = 0.001) et la souffrance fétale aigue (OR = 3.4; IC 95% (0.89-5.14); p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: une prise en charge efficace de la grossesse et du nouveau-né dans sa première semaine de vie, devraient amélioraient le pronostic néonatal.

Researchers have developed several tests of receptive vocabulary knowledge suitable for use with learners of English, but options are few for learners of French. This situation motivated the authors to create a new vocabulary size measure for French, the Test de la taille du vocabulaire (TTV). The measure is closely modelled on Nation's (1983) Vocabulary Levels Test (VLT) and follows the guidelines written by Schmitt, Schmitt, and Clapham (2001). Initially, a pilot version was trialled with 63 participants; then an improved version was administered to 175 participants at four proficiency levels. Results attest to the TTV's validity: mean scores across the four frequency sections decreased as the tested words became less frequent, and more proficient learner groups outperformed less proficient groups. The TTV in its current form is intended to be of practical use to teachers and learners, but it is also expected to evolve; ideas for future improvements are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'ictère néonatal, bien qu'il soit souvent très banal, ne doit pas pour autant être négligé car il peut relever des étiologies variées et avoir des significations différentes au point de devenir pathologique. Au cours d'une étude rétro-prospective descriptive, les auteurs analysent les aspects épidemio-cliniques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs des ictères néonataux pathologiques à l'Unité des Urgences Néonatales de Bonzola à Mbuji-Mayi (RD Congo) sur une période de 5 ans. La fréquence est de 4,9% avec une incidence annuelle de 24 cas/an. La prédominance masculine est notée avec un sexe ratio de 1,1. Ces ictères sont précoces (31,1%) et tardif (17,5%). Les principales causes sont dans 81,6% des cas dominées par les infections (42,5%) et, incompatibilité féto-maternelle (39,1 %). La symptomatologie habituelle est notée: ictère franc et pâleur cutanéo-muqueuse (100 %), urines jaunes foncées (62,5%), signes neurologiques (42,5%) et généraux (47,5%). Le traitement était à la fois étiologique (60%) et symptomatique ou d'appoint (40 %) et a consisté dans l'association antibiotiques avec transfusion et/ou exsanguino-transfusion (24,2%), antibiothérapie seule (35,8%), inducteurs enzymatiques (35%) et photothérapie (5%). L'évolution a été bonne dans 82,3% des cas contre 9,3 % des décès.

Introduction: Infectious diseases are increasingly introduced into Switzerland due to the increased travel activity in recent decades and the import of dogs. Dirofilariasis, caused by Dirofilaria immitis or D. repens, is one of them. An infection with D. repens, the cause of canine subcutaneous dirofilariosis, is often asymptomatic in dogs, but represents a potential zoonotic disease risk for humans. Due to the rapidly increasing number of human cases, D. repens is considered an emerging zoonosis in north-eastern Europe. The prevalence of D. repens infections in dogs and humans in Switzerland is unknown. Since 2016 the analysing diagnostic laboratory provided with the newly introduced filaria PCR a realiable diagnostic test to differentiate betweeen D. immitis and D. repens. Total nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) was extracted from 200 μl EDTA blood without prior enrichment followed by a species-specific real-time PCR assay. The analyses for Dirofilariae in the years 2016 to 2021 were examined in a descriptive retrospective study and the proportion of positive tests per year (prevalence with 95 % confidence interval) was calculated. Furthermore, blood samples of 50 imported dogs to Switzerland were analyzed in an exploratory cross-sectional study for the presence of dirofilaria. No D. repens positive case was found in the first two years after the introduction of the PCR. In 2018 five of 546 analyzed samples (5/546, 0,9 %, 95 % confidence interval [95 % CI]=0,7 - 1,2 %) tested positive for D. repens, in 2019 four of 591 (0,7 %, 95 % CI=0,5 - 0,9 %), in 2020 15 of 783 (1,9 %, 95 % CI=1,6 - 2,3 %) and in 2021 eleven of 1058 samples (1,0 %, 95 % CI=0,8 - 1,3 %). In the exploratory cross-sectional study, four of the 50 examined dogs were positive for D. repens (8 %, 95 % CI=2,6 - 20,1 %). One dog had a concurrent infection with D. immitis and D. repens. All four positive tested dogs were imported from Hungary. Potentially zoonotic infections with D. repens occur in dogs living in Switzerland. This disease should be included in the differential diagnoses of imported dogs and a monitoring during routine health checks should be done more often. The veterinary profession can thus assume its responsibility for the prevention of zoonoses as part of a One Health approach.

Copyright of Pan African Medical Journal is the property of Pan African Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Moderna Sprak is the property of Institutionen for Moderna Sprak and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé Contexte et objectif En Guadeloupe, les caractéristiques sur l’association hypertension artérielle–syndrome d’apnée obstructive du sommeil ne sont pas connues. Objectifs Évaluer la fréquence de l’hypertension et du profil non dipper par la mesure ambulatoire de la pression artérielle des 48 heures chez des patients identifiés apnéiques/non apnéiques lors de la polygraphie nocturne. Déterminer les facteurs cardio-métaboliques associés à l’apnée du sommeil. Patients et méthodes Étude transversale réalisée, à l’hôpital de Pointe-à-Pitre, chez des patients adressés en consultation du sommeil pour suspicion d’apnée du sommeil et ayant bénéficié d’une polygraphie nocturne. Le diagnostic était retenu si l’index d’apnée hypopnée était ≥ 5. Deux groupes étaient constitués : apnéique/non apnéique. Les patients avaient une mesure ambulatoire de la pression artérielle des 48 heures. Les facteurs cardio-métaboliques étaient identifiés et mesurés (index Homa-IR, CRP us). Résultats Au total, 204 patients inclus, âge moyen 54 ± 10 ans, 62,7 % de femmes. Une apnée obstructive du sommeil était présente dans 69,6 % des cas, elle était plus fréquente chez les hommes. La différence n’était pas significative entre les deux groupes pour les fréquences de l’hypertension (84,5 % vs 77 % ; p = 0,22), du profil non dipper (77,5 % vs 76 % ; p = 0,79), et la CRP us. Elle était significative pour : l’âge, les ronflements, l’indice de masse corporelle, le tour de taille, l’index Homa-IR, l’obésité, la dyslipidémie et le diabète. Conclusions Ces résultats mettent en exergue des fréquences plus élevées des facteurs cardio-métaboliques chez les patients ayant un syndrome d’apnée obstructive du sommeil et confirment leur haut risque cardiovasculaire. Background and purpose In Guadeloupe, data on the relationships between arterial hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea are unavailable. The aim of this study was: to assess the frequency of hypertension and non-dipper pattern evaluated by 48-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in an adult population identified obstructive sleep apnea/non-obstructive sleep apnea during overnight polygraphy ; to determine the cardio-metabolic factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Design and method A cross-sectional study was realized at Pointe-à-Pitre Hospital. Patients were referred for suspected sleep apnea to sleep specialist and performed a nocturnal polygraphy. Diagnosis was confirmed if the apnea-hypopnea index was ≥ 5. We obtained two groups: sleep apnea/non-sleep apnea. All patients underwent 48-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The cardio-metabolic factors were identified and assessed (fasten level of hs-CRP and Homa-IR index). Results A total of 204 patients were included. Mean age at diagnosis was 54 ± 10 years, 63% were women. OSA was present in 69.6% with a higher frequency in men than in women. Difference was not significant between the two groups for hypertension frequency (84.5% vs 77%; P = 0.22), non-dipper pattern (77.5% vs 76%; P = 0.79) and hs-CRP. Differences for age, snoring, body max index, mean waist circumference, Homa-IR index, obesity, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes were significant. Conclusions Our data highlight raised frequency of cardiovascular metabolic factors in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and confirm their high cardiovascular risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Medical Mycology / Journal de Mycologie Médicale is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTRODUCTION: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) including deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common disease associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. VTE is becoming increasingly common in Algeria but published data on its frequency and risk factors are lacking. The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency, risk factors of this disease in Sidi Bel Abbes region, Northwest Algeria. METHODS: A retrospective study of patients hospitalized for DVT and/ or PE was carried out between January 1, 2006 and June 10, 2012 at the cardiology department of Sidi Bel Abbes University Hospital Center. RESULTS: 183 VTE patients (71 men [38.7%, age 51.5 - 17.7 years] and 112 women [61.2%, age 46.4-17.9 years]) were included. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) occurred in 146 (79.7%), pulmonary embolism (PE) in 37 (20.2%) including 16 with concurrent DVT. The most common risk factors among DVT patients were: immobility, hypertension, surgery and oral contraception whereas, immobility, surgery, hypertension and fractures were the most frequent risk factors among PE patients. 12.02% of patients had a previous VTE. 24.7% of patients had several risk factors. Lower extremity DVT accounted for 97.5% of cases and upper extremity DVT for only 2.5%. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, venous thromboembolism is less common in Sidi Bel Abbes. However, adoption of an appropriate prophylactic strategy is required against the propagation of this disease.

Aims: To describe the clinical and evolutionary aspects of the primary closure of exstrophy at the CHU Gabriel Touré., Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective and prospective study carried out from January 2014 to December 2019 in all the children admitted and operated on for bladder exstrophy at the CHU Gabriel Touré., Results: We collected 35 cases of exstrophy, ie25 boys and 10 girls. The mean age at diagnosis was 4.8 months. The bladder plate was both normal and budded, ie 28.6% of cases. Plaque infection was found in 45.7%. A malformation was associated in 34.3% of cases. Primary plaque closure was achieved in all of our patients. Postoperative morbidity was 28.6% of cases and mortality 11.4% of cases., Conclusion: Bladder exstrophy is a rare malformation of the urogenital sphere, its management is complex and its mortality is not null., (Le comité de rédaction se réserve le droit de renvoyer aux auteurs avant toute soumission à l'avis des lecteurs les manuscrits qui ne seraient pas conformes à ces modalités de présentation. En outre il leur conseille de conserver un exemplaire du manuscrit, des figures et des tableaux.)

Introduction: Parietal hernias were the first pathology after appendicitis at the Chad-China Friendship Hospital., Objective: The aim of this study was to specify the epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of parietal hernias., Patients and Method: This was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional and analytical study of adult patients operated for parietal hernias between June 2015 and July 2020., Results: Of the 386 cases, there were 281 men (72.8%) and 105 women (27.2%). The sex ratio was 2.68. The mean age of the patients was 43.14 years with extremes of 20 and 79 years. In 7.5% of the cases, it was the strangulated hernias received in emergency (n=29). Inguinal hernia (n=268) was the most frequent variety with 69.4% of cases, followed bylinea alba hernia (78=20.2%) and umbilical hernia (40=10.4%). The main surgical technique used was the Bassini technique. Postoperative complications were 2 cases of hemorrhage (0.5%), 4 cases of hematoma (1%), 7 cases of urinary retention (1.8%) and 10 cases of parietal suppuration (2.6%)., Conclusion: Parietal hernias are dominated by inguinal hernias. Raphy was the only technique performed. Early consultations could prevent complications., (Le comité de rédaction se réserve le droit de renvoyer aux auteurs avant toute soumission à l'avis des lecteurs les manuscrits qui ne seraient pas conformes à ces modalités de présentation. En outre il leur conseille de conserver un exemplaire du manuscrit, des figures et des tableaux.)

Explanations for the well-documented second language (L2) learning challenge of the English regular past include verb semantics (Bardovi-Harlig, 2000), phonetic properties (Goad, White, & Steele, 2003), and frequency factors (Collins, Trofimovich, White, Cardoso, & Horst, 2009). Difficulty perceiving past-tense morphology (i.e., hearing -ed in the input) has received less research attention. In this study, we explored the roles of three perceptual factors (phonological environment, speech rate, semantic clues) among 106 L2 learners and 81 English speakers of a similar age. Experiment 1 was a forced-choice auditory identification task contrasting perceptually 'easy' ([əd] + vowel) and 'hard' ([t] or [d] + consonant) regular past contexts at normal conversational speed. Experiment 2 contrasted easy and hard contexts at a slowed-down speech rate. Experiment 3 included time adverbials that matched or mismatched the tense marker (e.g., walked the dog now vs. walked the dog yesterday). The L2 learners behaved at just above chance at normal conversational speed in both contexts, and slowing speech down helped them in easy contexts only. The English speakers were more accurate in easy than in hard contexts regardless of speech rate. Both L2 learners and English speakers also relied on adverbials at the expense of the phonetic cue to past morphology (-ed). Implications of these findings for the roles of input and frequency in L2 learning, and for pronunciation teaching (i.e., setting reasonable learning goals) are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and risk factors of neonatal infections within the hospital of Uvira. A survey case-witness concerned the aged newborns of 0 to 28 days staying more than 48 hours to the service of neonatology of this hospital on a period of 12 months (January 1st to December 31, 2012). Sources of data were cards of partogram, the register of childbirth and cards of newborn hospitalization. A frequency of 15.53% of neonatal infections has been determined there with 17% of lethality rate. Risk factors associated to neonatal infections were low birth weight, prematurity, urogenital infection of the 3th quarter, fever maternal 48 hours before the childbirth, mechanical ventilation, feeding by nasogastric catheter and an amniotic liquid either tinted meconial (p < 0,05). This study recommends respecting measures of strict hygiene in charge all along the hold of newborns, to limit invasiveness gestures in frequency and in length and to lead a good followed clinic and paraclinic of all pregnant woman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pan African Medical Journal is the property of Pan African Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary Tremor and myoclonus are very common manifestations of psychogenic movement disorders (PMD). In this context, recording of movement disorders aims to provide objective criteria for a positive diagnosis of PMD, independently of the psychological situation. Neurophysiological observations are therefore considered to have a huge impact both on diagnosis and on therapeutic approaches. A specific recording strategy should be employed whenever the medical history or clinical clues raise the eventuality of a PMD. Polymyography coupled to accelerometry is used to demonstrate the major electrophysiological criteria of psychogenic tremor, namely spontaneous variability of tremor frequency and frequency entrainment induced by contralateral rhythmic tasks. Other features, such as paradoxical increase of tremor amplitude with mass loading, co-activation preceding tremor onset and alteration of voluntary contralateral motor performances when tremor is present, are also of interest. The clinical presentation of psychogenic myoclonus is extremely rich and polymorphous and can mimic virtually all forms of cortical, subcortical or spinal myoclonus. Focal, multifocal, axial or generalized jerks can occur. Psychogenic jerks can be sporadic or repetitive, rhythmic or arrhythmic, spontaneous or stimulus-induced. All of these parameters are crucial to determine an individualized neurophysiological strategy. Polymyography is critical to identify a ballistic pattern or a discordant or non-reproducible temporo-spatial organisation of the jerks, but has usually to be completed by other potentially decisive approaches. Reflex psychogenic myoclonus for example displays stimulus-response delays that are too long and variable. Spontaneous psychogenic jerks may be also preceded by a pre-movement potential, detectable by jerk-locked-back-averaging methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SHYREG method is a flood frequency analysis method that can be applied to any location in the French metropolitan territory for flood risk management. It is based on an hourly stochastic rainfall generator coupled with a simplified distributed rainfall–runoff model. This paper presents the validation of flood frequency estimates made using SHYREG for a wide range of 1605 French catchments. For current return periods (i.e. of up to 10 years), the SHYREG-estimated flood frequency values are consistent with estimates from the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution based on the Nash-Sutcliffe criterion. For extreme return periods, validation of flood frequency estimates is based on: (a) consistent peak and daily discharges estimated from a long observed flow record; (b) reasonable modelled saturation of the production storage for extreme events; and (c) studying the robustness of the SHYREG method by means of statistical criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

INTRODUCTION: Les anémies sévères constituent une cause importante de décès d'enfants. Une analyse épidémiologique et clinique permettrait d'estimer la morbidité et mortalité y relatives afin lutter efficacement contre les causes. METHODES: Notre étude rétrospective et descriptive porte sur les anémies sévères chez les enfants de 2 mois à 15 ans de juillet 2005 à juillet 2011. Les drépanocytaires et les enfants souffrant de néoplasie étaient exclus. Toutes les admissions de janvier 2008 à juillet 2011 et les décès totaux, qui répondaient aux critères ci-dessus ont été également répertoriés. RESULTATS: Ont été analysés 4735 cas d'anémie sévère dont 215 décès (4,5%). Entre janvier 2008 et juillet 2011, sur 12879 enfants hospitalisés 2456 souffraient d'anémie sévère dont 96 sont décédés, soit une mortalité spécifique de 0,7% et une létalité de 4,0%. Au total, 22,4% d'anémies sévères survenaient dans la tranche d'âge de moins de 12 mois. Celles de 12 à 59 mois et de plus de 5 ans représentaient respectivement 64,4% et 13,2% des cas. Le paludisme était l'étiologie évoquée chez 89,0% des cas, suivi du sepsis (9,4%). Les décès concernaient les enfants sévèrement anémiés âgés de 12 à 59 mois dans 67,2% de cas. La plupart de patients (84,8%) résidaient à Yaoundé (P = 0,004). CONCLUSION: Les anémies sévères restent fréquentes à Yaoundé. La mise en ,uvre de da politique de gratuité des antipaludiques et l'utilisation des moustiquaires doivent être effectives. Le renforcement de ces mesures dès le début des saisons pluvieuses préviendrait les flambées d'anémies.

L'objectif de cette étude est d'examiner le rôle de l'aspect lexical et de la fréquence des formes dans l'input dans la production orale des formes du passé par des enfants suédois (âgés de 4 à 9 ans) apprenants du français langue seconde (L2) en immersion. Le rôle de la fréquence dans l'input est souvent négligé dans les études sur l'influence de l'aspect lexical tout comme les caractéristiques spécifiques des verbes le sont dans les études consacrées à l'influence de la fréquence des formes. L'analyse de 21 verbes dans l'input puis dans la production des cinq enfants durant les deux premières années d'exposition au français montre un recoupement entre les deux facteurs. Bien que les enfants produisent la plupart des verbes selon leur aspect lexical, les fréquences type et d'occurrence dans l'input permettent d'expliquer à la fois le marquage correct du passé ainsi que la variation que l'on trouve dans les groupes de verbes étudiés. Les résultats confirment ainsi les prédictions d'une approche basée sur l'usage selon laquelle les apprenants construisent leur grammaire à partir de leur expérience de l'input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this study was to investigate how upper- and lower-limb muscle fatigue evolves in a 200-m front crawl swimming race. Surface electromyography signals were collected from the flexor carpi radialis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, pectoralis major, upper trapezius, tibialis anterior, biceps femoris, and rectus femoris muscles of 10 international-level swimmers; 4 underwater cameras were used for kinematic analysis. In addition, blood lactate was measured before and after the test using capillary blood samples. Swimming speed and stroke length decreased from the beginning to the end of the effort, whereas stroke frequency increased after an initial decrease to maintain speed. Concomitant with the decrease in speed, blood lactate increased to 11.12 (1.65) mmol·L−1. The changes in stroke parameters were associated with an increase in integrated electromyography (20%-25%) and a decrease in spectral parameters (40%-60%) for all of the upper-limb muscles, indicating the reaching of submaximal fatigue. The fatigue process did not occur regularly during the 8 laps of the 200 m but was specific for each muscle and each subject. Lower-limb muscles did not present signals of fatigue, confirming their lower contribution to swimming propulsion. The test was conducted to individualize the training process to each muscle and each subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on mammals and birds has shown that predation may have indirect effects on prey reproduction. Some of the indirect effects may give prey an adaptive advantage. Females of several vole species respond to the presence of predators from the genus Mustela L., 1758 with suppressed breeding; this response increases females' chances of survival. However, breeding suppression is observed only in a certain part of the female population; it is unclear whether predation risk affects the remaining females. We investigated this in a capture-mark-recapture experiment on reproductive effort of female common voles ( Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1778)) facing simulated presence of mustelid predators. We measured two parameters: the number of recruits per litter and the litter interval. Compared with control populations, the number of recruits per litter was not affected, but the litter interval was longer in females facing mustelid risk of predation. This indicates that predation risk affects females in a more complex way than originally proposed: it induces breeding suppression in some, but also influences litter frequency in others. Our result suggests that predatory stress deregulates the estrous cycle. Decreased frequency of litters can be a viable antipredatory adaptation in iteroparous organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La vitalité de l'infinitif varie relativemant peu d'une langue romane à l'autre. Elle est la plus grande en portugais. Au contraire, l'infinitif roumain se caractérise par une faiblesse exceptionnelle, ce qui est un trait balkanique. Le cas du roumain à part, les langues romanes peuvent être traitées en bloc et opposées à des langues telles que l'anglais, l'allemand ou le polonais. L'infinitif de celles-ci présente une fréquence plus limitée et un emploi moins différencié que l'infinitif de celles-là. Seule la dernière étape du développement de l'infinitif indo-européen, laquelle se caractérise par la tendance nominale, est mieux représentée em allemand que dans n'importe quelle langue romane.

Abstract: Information obtained by different methods of image-guided radiotherapy now allows us to reposition the target volume. This evolution causes a change in practice and positioning control. In order to control positioning errors, a systematic control during the first three to five sessions is required. Random repositioning errors and clinical target volume motions can be mastered only by performing a daily imaging. Finally, image-guided radiotherapy allows assessing anatomical changes occurring during treatment, and opens the field of adaptive radiotherapy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Résumé: Objectifs: Peu d’études se sont intéressées à l’association entre goutte et cancer. Cette étude examine le risque relatif de cancers au sein d’une cohorte nationale. Méthodes: La base de données de l’assurance maladie nationale de Taïwan constituait la source de données primaires. Les données recueillies de 2000 à 2008 chez des sujets âgés de plus de 20ans et sans antécédent de cancer ont été inclues dans l’analyse. La définition des cas de la goutte correspondait aux dossiers mentionnant un diagnostic de goutte et les traitements adaptés (médicaments hypo-uricémiants, incluant allopurinol, benzbromarone, probénécide et sulfinpyrazone, ainsi que la colchicine). Un modèle de régression de Cox (modèle à risques proportionnels) a été utilisé pour estimer l’association entre goutte et cancer. Résultats: Un total de 694361 patients (355278hommes, 339083femmes) ont été inclus ; parmi eux, 25943présentaient un antécédent de goutte. L’âge moyen (±écart-type) était de 42,3±16,3ans. Pendant les 5471272années-patients de suivi, un cancer a été détecté chez 24088patients (1745 atteints de goutte et 22343 témoins). La plupart des cancers concernaient le foie, le poumon et le côlon. L’incidence globale du cancer était significativement plus élevée parmi les patients goutteux que parmi les témoins (8,7 vs 4,2 cas par 1000 années-patients, p <0,001). Après ajustement sur l’âge et le sexe, la goutte s’est révélée associée au cancer avec un « hazard ratio » (HR) (rapport des risques instantanés) de 1,15 (intervalle de confiance à 95 % [IC], 1,10–1,21 ; p <0,001). La goutte était associée dans la majeure partie des cas au cancer de la prostate, avec un HR ajusté sur l’âge et le sexe de 1,71 (1,45–2,02). D’un autre côté, la goutte tendait à une association inverse, bien que négligeable, avec le cancer du sein (HR ajusté, 0,81 ; IC 95 %, 0,63–1,04). Conclusion: La goutte était associée à un risque de cancer plus élevé, notamment celui de la prostate chez les hommes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

As high-rise buildings increase with height and slenderness, they become increasingly sensitive to dynamic vibrations, and therefore the natural frequency of vibration and damping ratio are very important design parameters, as they directly impact the design wind forces. Recent advances in sensing and computing technology have made it possible to monitor the dynamic behaviour of full-scale structures, which was not possible in the past. Full-scale validation of the dynamic properties is useful for high-rise designers to verify design assumptions, especially since recent measurements have shown that damping decreases as the height of the building increases, and in situ damping measurements have been lower than many currently assumed design values, potentially leading to unconservative designs. A 50-storey residential building in downtown Toronto, with a reinforced concrete coupled shear wall lateral load resisting system with outriggers was monitored using current state-of-the-art sensing technologies and techniques to determine, in situ, the dynamic properties under real wind loads. The in situ measurements were then compared with results obtained using current state-of-the-art computer modelling techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research has challenged the notion that word frequency is the organizing principle underlying lexical access, pointing instead to the number of contexts that a word occurs in (Adelman, Brown, & Quesada, 2006). Counting contexts gives a better quantitative fit to human lexical decision and naming data than counting raw occurrences of words. However, this approach ignores the information redundancy of the contexts in which the word occurs, a factor we refer to as semantic diversity. Using both a corpus-based study and a controlled artificial language experiment, we demonstrate the importance of contextual redundancy in lexical access, suggesting that contextual repetitions in language only increase a word's memory strength if the repetitions are accompanied by a modulation in semantic context. We introduce a cognitive process mechanism to explain the pattern of behaviour by encoding the word's context relative to the information redundancy between the current context and the word's current memory representation. The model gives a better account of identification latency data than models based on either raw frequency or document count, and also produces a better-organized space to simulate semantic similarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]