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Hospitality is a fundamental virtue across numerous cultural and religious systems. Nevertheless, there is scant empirical research on this topic. The current paper reports the results of a series of studies investigating people’s implicit theories of a good host and good visitor. In Study 1, the participants (n = 304) used a free-listing procedure to generate a list of descriptors for either a good host, visitor, or person. In Study 2, a new sample (n = 313) rated the previously generated descriptors in terms of their respective prototypicality. In Study 3, the participants (n = 151) sorted the descriptors of either a good host or a good visitor into categories, and hierarchical cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling were used to investigate how people mentally organized these respective social roles. By examining these naturalistic conceptualizations, this analysis will help inform future work on how interactions in the home influence impressions, well-being, and relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of CEO and board experience on corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance of tourism and hospitality firms and examines institutional shareholders’ moderating role. Analyzing longitudinal data from 89 firms (2003 – 2021), the results show board’s cross-industry experience positively and significantly influences CSR performance, contrary to prevailing literature emphasizing CEO influence. Institutional shareholders weaken this effect. Optimal 7- year board tenure drives CSR initiatives. Furthermore, while boards’ experience breadth contributes to various aspects of CSR, CEOs’ cross-industry experience adversely affects several facets. The findings expand upper echelon and resource-based view theories, providing recommendations to support industry CSR performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its launch in November 2022, ChatGPT has pioneered a new era in AI, globally acclaimed for its content creation and language understanding. This advancement is reshaping industries like hospitality, offering innovative applications but also raising ethical and efficiency challenges. In the context of New Zealand's hotel industry, renowned for its vibrant and inclusive 'Kiwi' hospitality culture, the idea of incorporating generative AI offers a novel perspective. While its application could potentially enhance service efficiency and help to alleviate staff shortages, integration with the country's deeply rooted cultural values demands a carefully considered approach. This study adopted a qualitative methodology using semi-structured interviews with hotel managers and AI experts in New Zealand. The findings revealed that generative AI holds promises for cost savings, work efficiency and meeting specific social group demands. Concerns have been raised, however, relating to the ability of AI to handle complex interactions, incorporate a sense of Kiwi culture, respond appropriately to service contingency events, maintain data privacy and meet the generational service preferences of guests. The absence of clear AI legislation has led to cautious interest among hotel managers, restrained by concerns around legality, privacy and service quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the influence of work ergonomics on employee task performance from an employee perspective within the hospitality and tourism industry, employing three key exogenous factors: physical ergonomics, organizational ergonomics, and cognitive ergonomics. Data from 243 respondents were analyzed using the Smart-PLS software version 3. The results indicate a notable and favorable correlation between physical ergonomics, organizational ergonomics, and cognitive ergonomics to employee task performance. Additionally, PLS-MGA analysis revealed a significant moderating impact of length of service and employment status on the tested hypothesis. Specifically, the relationship between organizational ergonomics and task performance is stronger for employees with less than 5 years of service compared to those with 5 years or more, and the relationship between cognitive ergonomics and employee task performance is stronger for those with more than 5 years of service than those with less than 5 years. A stronger relationship between organizational ergonomics and employee task performance was reported for contract/part-time employees compared to permanent employees. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing ergonomic conditions in the workplace, particularly in the hospitality and tourism industry, where the well-being and performance of employees are paramount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study consolidates the limited research on real-life customer experiences with hotels that have integrated service robots (SR) grounded in the Usability, Social Acceptance, User experience, and Societal Impact (USUS) Framework. Employing a systematic and thematic review across 42 articles, the findings reveal discrepancies in customer experience (CX) across dimensions like embodiment, emotions, human-oriented perceptions, security, and co-experience. Theoretically, the results suggest that long-term CX may be more grounded in pragmatic aspects rather than SR novelty. The review also cautions against indiscriminate SR integration, which can lead to unpredictable CX. The study contributes to academic discourse by identifying critical CX aspects, providing a future research agenda, and a foundation for developing robust theoretical frameworks. For practitioners, the insights offer guidance on effectively integrating AI technologies to enhance CX, such as focusing on SR functionality, optimal SR-human service offerings, and considering evolving CX for innovative technological integrations in hotels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of hospitality in education has become prominent in the philosophy of education, with various articles and books being published recently. This is so for a number of reasons, such as the necessity to harbour and include immigrants and refugees in our schools and education systems, the rising levels of violence being experienced by individuals in school communities, and the importance of establishing dialogical relations between teacher and students and between students. In this article, we discuss the concept of hospitality by turning to Homer (eighth Century Bce) and his classic work, The Odyssey (Ὀδ"σσεια), connecting it to the issue of hospitality in education. The article is divided into two sections. In the first, we refer to two passages in Homer's The Odyssey that are very pertinent to the issue of the issue at hand; the Phaeacian passage, which stands for a prime example of hospitality, and the Laestrygonian case, a seminal example of non-hospitality, of hostility. In the second, we conduct a philosophical inquiry into hospitality and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the pre-closings of interactions between inquirers and public utility service providers to find out what strategic sequential components the participants utilize to bid the closings of their conversations. We examined how these components are co-constructed and linguistically realized and what socio-cultural and co-textual influences have given rise to these sequences. The data analyzed was based on recorded face-to-face interactions between seven employees in public utility services and 100 Jordanian participants who approached the organization to inquire about utility services. Contrary to prior research on pre-closings, our results reveal a more elaborate sequential organization consisting of eight strategic component options, most of which (e.g. supplicating, praising, showing hospitality, invoking compassion) have not been encountered in other similar discourses analyzed. Some components are socio-culturally motivated, others are religiously affiliated, and some others are co-textually and contextually bound. Such findings will, hopefully, contribute to understanding how interlocutors use socio-cultural and religious affiliations to co-construct the preclosing of their interactions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there have been calls for policy makers to do more to fight climate change. Indeed, there are growing concerns that climate could exert a serious detrimental impact on financial stability, and thus the wider economy. Empirically, a limited number of studies have highlighted the inflationary effects of climate‐related variables. This study is an attempt to contribute to this literature. More specifically, the article investigates the dynamic inflationary effect of climate in a case study of Belize. Results derived from quarterly data, over the period 1994–2019, and local linear projections suggest that inflation responds positively and significantly to temperature and rainfall shocks. Further disaggregation of inflation into its subindices reveals that this increase in inflation is mainly driven by the effect of climate on food, alcohol and tobacco, household, hospitality, and other goods and services inflation. The findings remain robust even when accounting for temperature and rainfall deviations from historical means. The results suggest that, while inflation control might not be a core element of monetary policy in Belize, policy makers should be aware that these climate‐related effects may have ramifications for the Belize economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine whether authentic flirting behavior contributes to positive service outcomes (i.e. rapport and tip size) in luxury vs non-luxury restaurants. Design/methodology/approach: A sample of 261 participants was randomly assigned to reading scenarios depicting four conditions in a 2 × 2 between-subjects design: restaurant status (luxury vs non-luxury) and flirting type: authentic vs fake. Findings: The results showed that rapport mediated the relationship between flirting type and tip size. Moderated mediation analyses further revealed that the mediated relationship was stronger for non-luxury restaurants alone. Whereas authentic flirting amplified rapport and tip size in non-luxury restaurants, it had no effect in luxury restaurants. Originality/value: Flirtatious behavior has not been examined in the context of luxury restaurants. This study provided an opportunity to explore whether flirting would be perceived as unprofessional and as exceeding personal boundaries as in other settings, damaging to the meticulous service experience, or whether interpersonal friendly gestures can take place without undermining the service interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that artificial intelligence (AI) is significantly transforming businesses, it is crucial to examine how AI will change the future of the hospitality and tourism industry. By integrating multiple data sources (i.e., practitioner literature, research literature, and expert opinions), we suggest three trends constituting opportunities and challenges (AI applications in different business sectors, primary AI functions, emerging AI topics), three possible themes of change (adoption and acceptance, operations management, AI in marketing), as well as four directions for future research (AI interaction, AI and organizational decision making, organizational implications, and managerial issues). Our findings present a detailed picture of AI development and applications along with predictions regarding its place in the industry. Finally, we outline a research agenda that addresses key issues for stakeholders in hospitality and tourism: individuals, including customers and employees; organizations and businesses; and public policymakers and governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we seek to introduce the concept of necessity logic of causality, which, despite its inherent merits in parsimony and predictive accuracy, has not received adequate attention. Our paper begins by providing a comprehensive review of various causal logic, including sufficiency, necessity, and contributory. We then critically examine the key assumptions of necessary causation (i.e., non-additivity, determinism, and asymmetry), and highlight the benefits of necessary causalities in theoretical innovation. Also, we workshop methodological protocols for necessity theory testing. Subsequently, we explore the potential of integrating necessity theories in the hospitality and tourism field by drawing on conceptual-contextual theorizing, leading to the development of "homegrown" theories. We also contend that necessary causality in transdisciplinary research can facilitate broader knowledge exchange to neighboring domains. We conclude by identifying promising research areas for necessity theorizing and testing in hospitality and tourism research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the impact of the interplay between fee-oriented strategies and ownership structure on analyst forecast accuracy using a sample of international publicly-listed hospitality firms. Based on 29,019 earnings forecasts made by financial analysts, using Ordinary Least Squares regression (OLS), entropy balancing, and Heckman two-stage models, we documented that, on average, forecasts were more accurate for firms pursuing a fee-oriented strategy. Moreover, the positive effect of fee-oriented strategies on forecast accuracy was stronger for companies with concentrated ownership. We explain our results by the fact that fee-oriented firms enjoyed more stable cash flows and revenue, reducing information asymmetries between a firm's outsiders and insiders, thus enabling analysts to make more accurate forecasts. This effect was more important for firms with concentrated ownership in particular, as they generally disclosed less information to the capital markets. Our findings should be of great interest to hospitality firms' owners, managers, and boards of directors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research evaluates chefs’ perceptions of the role of technology in restaurant kitchens. It adopts a comprehensive approach that integrates the relevant factors identified in previous research to provide a multidimensional approach. Following a qualitative research design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 restaurant chefs. The perceptions of chefs on the role of technology in restaurant kitchens consist of eight main themes, which include mostly positive aspects: food and service quality, human resources, financial, competitiveness, image, customer experience, food waste and job safety. This research contributes to a theoretical and practical understanding of the relationship between restaurant management and technology in service industries, specifically the restaurant industry, and offers a conceptual model of the role of technology in restaurant kitchens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration of the intermediary state or space is a central trope in the prominent contemporary Northern Irish poet Sinéad Morrissey’s poetry, especially in her early collections where movement and travel feature prominently. As a significant and distinctive part of her poetic creation, Morrissey’s poems about her encounters with China and Japan are selected and reprinted in her latest poetry collection: Found Architecture: Selected Poems (2020). Focusing on her poems relating to China in Found Architecture, this essay probes how Morrissey codifies her experience of different aspects of China, involving language, culture, literature and history, within her poems and how she interrogates and reflects on her perspectives not only during her travels but also in the process of her aesthetic creation. Drawing on the theories of Homi K. Bhabha and Paul Ricoeur, it also analyses how Morrissey explores and illuminates the theorisations of cultural translation and hospitality in her poetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased strain on the hospitality industry following the COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing labor shortages has led to calls for new technologies such as smartwatches for understanding and improving work conditions for housekeepers, who are often from vulnerable and marginalized populations. In addition to concerns regarding how new technologies will be received by workers, questions remain as to whether metrics derived from smartwatches can usefully predict aspects of the worker experience, such as feelings of stress. We recruited 20 hotel housekeepers to wear smartwatch-based sensors during work for approximately 20 eight-hour shifts. In addition to pre- and post-participation surveys on workplace attitudes, participants provided daily stress ratings. Findings revealed increased technology acceptance and perceptions of organizational support following smartwatch use. Smartwatch metrics reliably predicted participant ratings of daily and overall stress. Theoretical implications for technology acceptance and practical implications for introducing technology into the workplace are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hospitality sector is a substantial energy consumer, driven by the demands of heating, cooling, lighting and guest amenities. This study explores energy consumption patterns across different hotel types, highlighting luxury hotels' higher usage compared to mid-range and budget establishments. Key energy drivers include HVAC systems, lighting and hot water. Legislative frameworks, such as the Paris Agreement, the Sustainable Development Goals and European Union directives, set ambitious energy efficiency and emissions targets for the sector. Through case studies on Marriott, Hilton and Hotel Verde, the study demonstrates effective energy-saving practices, including LED lighting, smart HVAC systems and renewable energy integration, which can reduce energy use by 10–20%. The findings show the dual benefits of these measures, which enhance environmental sustainability and reduce operational costs. By adopting these practices, hotels can align with evolving regulatory standards and cater to the growing demand for eco-friendly accommodations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examined how food and wine pairing affects the sustainability in local hospitality settings. This study focused on hospitality employees' attitudes in Srem, where it explored the importance of integrating local produce, the economic and environmental benefits of reduced food miles, and customer satisfaction through authentic experiences. Key research questions investigated the perceived value of food–wine pairing, factors that influenced sustainable practices, and employee motivation. Data were gathered via a structured survey that highlighted challenges like limited ingredient availability and high costs. The results show that the employees recognized the importance of sustainability but displayed limited motivation for further initiatives. The findings suggest that enhancing local sourcing can bolster economic resilience and cultural preservation, promoting a sustainable tourism model for the region. This study recommends additional research on ecological impacts and local community benefits to further embed sustainability in hospitality practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the contemporary hospitality sector, fostering diversity and inclusion transcends a mere trend, evolving into a strategic necessity to effectively accommodate the increasingly heterogeneous profile of visitors. Therefore, it becomes imperative to examine the consequential effect of marketing promotions featuring organizations’ Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) commitments on consumers’ perceptions and evaluations. Through two experiments, this research investigates the impact of diversity and inclusion initiatives within the hospitality sector on consumer attitudes. Study 1 examines the effect of DEI initiatives on brand attitude, and further inspects its underlying mechanism- brand integrity in the context of a fictitious brand. Study 2 further advances the research with a real-world hospitality brand and proposes the moderating role of consumer materialism. The study contributes to the hospitality literature, DEI, and consumer behavior, offering actionable insights for hospitality brands seeking to enhance their competitiveness in an increasingly diverse marketplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on an emergent, transnational Hasidic revival movement centered around the Kerestirer Rebbe, Yeshaya Steiner (Shayele), a Hungarian miracle worker who lived in Hungary from 1851 to 1925. His iconic portrait is commonly associated with mystical protection against the infestation of rodents in Jewish homes and businesses. I reveal how this is only one small piece of his broader populist appeal, however. I do this by interweaving hagiographic texts, Hasidic social media, and ethnography with anthropological theory and political theology on hospitality, sovereignty, and patronage.I contend that Shayele operates as a populist patron saint of protection against other "intruders" into everyday Hasidic life (e.g. police, inspectors, and judges). In invoking the sovereign authority of a dead Hasidic master, Shayele's male followers talk back, quite literally, to power—held by multiple social actors and distributed across multiple jurisdictions, including living Hasidic leaders and state authorities. Rather than rehearsing a normative cosmopolitan account of hospitality, which frames hospitality as a series of rights endowed to the stranger, I reframe hospitality as a site of mediation between human, metahuman, and divine actors. Hospitality offers guests refuge from a world always imagined as hostile and exterior to it; the saint, as a threshold figure, polices boundaries, protecting welcome intruders (guests) from unwelcome intruders (enemies).While largely dormant for nearly a century, this revival movement shares a common political grammar with a resurgent populist politics. His hospitality extends to patrons, cronies, and friends; his sovereign authority shields patrons from (common) enemies and from consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that the hosting of kula partners is an important part of the exchange system that requires more attention. Women's management of their households and resources, their training of children, and the internal networks that provide for a visiting kula partner are regarded as the benefits and key motivations ('profit') of kula. If the hospitality is underwhelming, a visitor will not continue the partnership and, because he will share his experiences back home, this will negatively affect the future kula affairs of that household. By isolating the movements of valuables from the deep experiences of visiting and hosting, the role of women in kula is typically misrepresented as marginal and of lower value. Kula, to me and to most islanders, is not about the fame of traders, but about the cooperation of families to ensure the services, hospitality, and generosity that are so special to the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVEJn Tiirkiye, anti-tobacco legislation (Law No. 4207 on the Prevention and Control of Harms of Tobacco Products) aims to ensure a "tobacco-free" life for current and future generations. Thus, there are observations of violations in the hospitality sector. In this study, we aimed to observe the status of hospitality venues' violation of the law in 11 different cities in Tiirkiye. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This descriptive study examined 772 hospitality venues in Ankara, Burdur, Diyarbakir, Giresun, Hatay istanbul, izmir, Kars, Kayseri, Samsun, and Zonguldak between August 1 and October 10, 2023. The Google Forms survey, Microsoft Excel, and IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 23) programs were used for data collection, entry, and analysis. A logistic regression model was used to understand the associations between non-compliance and the characteristics of the venues. RESULTS: During the observation of indoor spaces, tobacco products were used in 282 venues (37.1%). Non-compliance in bars, pubs, traditional coffee houses, and hookah cafes was statistically significantly higher than in the other venue types [odds ratio (OR)= 3.031,95% confidence interval (Cl): 1.699 to 5.408, P < 0.001 ]. The presence of a retractable roof and/or side wall (OR=5.362, 95% Cl: 3.51 8 to 8.1 73, p < 0.001), later hour observations (OR= 2.120, 95% Cl: 1.399 to 3.212, p < 0.001), and the existence of outdoor venues where smoking is permitted (OR= 3.165, 95% Cl: 2.1 70 to 4.61 7, p < 0.001) also increased indoor violations. CONCLUSION: The findings provided scientific evidence that violations of Turkish anti-tobacco legislation exist in hospitality venues. The public authorities are advised to play their vital role in preventing violations in indoor spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using machine learning, we examined customers' opinions about the metaverse in the hospitality industry (encompassing hotels, restaurant, gaming, virtual events, tours and travel). A total of 8,855 tweets were collected from Twitter (now called X), and machine learning algorithms such as sentiment analysis and topic modeling were performed using Python libraries to capture the important topics related to metaverse applications. Nearly two thirds of the collected tweets (60.9%) contained a mostly positive general sentiment toward the use of the metaverse. Six important topics emerged from the topic modeling: gaming, virtual events, virtual sightseeing, travel, business and blockchain. Despite numerous studies on the proper integration of the metaverse, VR and AR, to the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first studies conducted to determine the customer experience of the metaverse in the hospitality industry using social media data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoethnography, an essential research approach, interweaves personal experiences with introspective insights from distinct communities. Despite its methodological significance, autoethnography remains inadequately represented in hospitality and tourism research discourse. This paper seeks to challenge this status quo by advocating for social model strength-based paradigms in understanding disability and by addressing the structural and attitudinal obstacles that hinder the acceptance of autoethnographic research in high-ranking journals within hospitality and tourism. This conceptual note emphasizes the empowerment of marginalized voices, including those with disabilities, and their intersecting identities. It also highlights the hurdles faced by autoethnographers when submitting their work to prestigious journals and provides recommendations for fostering the recognition and inclusion of autoethnography within the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology" (UTAUT) has been extensively employed to discover the factors driving positive adoption of new technologies. However, there is a lack of research on the potential adverse effects of UTAUT driving factors on user behavior. This study aims to fill this research gap by investigating the negative behavioral intentions of food delivery application (FDA) users based on a questionnaire administered in China (n = 428). Using structural-equation-modeling analysis, this study confirms the direct or indirect effects of various UTAUT driving factors, including "performance expectancy", "effort expectancy", "social influence", "facilitating conditions", "price value", "hedonic motivation", and "habit", on FDA users' food addiction and waste behavioral intentions. Furthermore, it also highlights the effect of food addiction on food waste. This research reveals more comprehensive driving factors of FDA users' adverse behavioral intentions that have not been adequately explored in the existing literature, illustrating that elements commonly linked with technology adoption can profoundly strengthen the rewarding effects associated with food addiction and food waste. These findings suggest the potential value of applying UTAUT in predicting users' adverse behaviors, presenting new avenues for more comprehensive studies and practices in responsible user management within IT-enabled hospitality and tourism businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines interpersonal psychological factors as antecedents and crisis/supportive behavior factors as consequences of organizational job embeddedness (OJE) in the hospitality industry. Workplace fun (WF) and humor (WH) as psychological factors, quitting intention (QI) as a crisis factor, and service recovery performance (SRP) and proactive customer service performance (PCSP) as supportive behavior factors were studied. Data from 333 hotel employees and 40 supervisors were collected through a questionnaire, analyzed using SEM-PLS3. WF and WH serve as a valuable framework for understanding OJE. WH influences WF, which positively impacts OJE. Increased OJE results in SRP and PCSP, reducing QI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, perception of investment in employee development (PIED) has consistently been linked to numerous pro-organizational behaviors. However, its link to proactive behavior remains limited, especially of those in the hospitality industry. Drawing on self-determination theory (SDT) and broaden and build theory (BBT), this study proposes that PIED is directly linked to taking charge (TC) and innovative work behaviors (IWB), and indirectly through harmonious passion (HP). Based on data from 351 employee-supervisor dyads within a large hotel chain in Malaysia, the findings show that PIED can enhance proactive behaviors by fostering HP as a mediator. It is suggested that both employee development and its perceived value enhance positive work outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research note addresses a gap in current research on the role of technology in restaurants, which often focuses on operational benefits and customer experience rather than the experiential impact on chefs. Based on an exploratory qualitative research design using semi-structured interviews with chefs, the study explores how chefs perceive the influence of integrating technological tools in their future practices and the impact on their skills and creativity. The findings provide insights into the facilitative and destructive roles of technology. The paper contributes to the understanding of how and why technology enhances and inhibits human skills and creativity, thus guiding businesses in hospitality about the adoption of technology in restaurants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is different from teaching General English. This research aimed to demonstrate the existence of innovation in English learning strategy, called the ASRI method, as a proposed method for teaching ESP at tourism colleges. This method is a combination of Aim-Sequence-Role-Interaction (ASRI) components that can be used to promote the students' awareness of using the appropriate language functions and improve their fluency in business-like communication. This R&D research applied the Exploratory Mixed Method which followed Logan's model design, focusing on three stages, including problem determination, design, and development. This research was carried out at a tourism college in Bali. The subjects who were involved in the preliminary test of the ASRI method were 60 college students. Determination of the research subject used purposive sampling. The data collection tools utilized in the preliminary field test were scoring rubrics. The analysis techniques applied to analyze the data were both descriptive quantitative and qualitative. The research results show that students' learning outcomes have increased significantly by 81% due to the implementation of the ASRI method in studying ESP. Therefore, this model is worthy of being proposed as an innovative method for teaching ESP in tourism universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, co-creation is a significant trend in the hospitality industry. Through two experiments, this paper investigates the effects of low and high outcome quality resulting from co-creation on consumer satisfaction. In particular, we examine engagement and emotions as the underlying mechanisms that mediate the relationship between outcome quality and satisfaction. Our findings build upon a service-dominant logic framework and indicate that outcome quality influences customer satisfaction, with emotions acting as a mediator for low-quality outcomes and engagement as a mediator for high-quality outcomes. Interestingly, engagement operates in low outcome quality settings and partly compensates for a suboptimal result, highlighting the key role co-creation can play in the event of a failed encounter. This article contributes to co-creation literature as well as to the ongoing methodological debate on emotion measurement. In addition, it offers managerial insightful directions for hospitality companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to identify the causes of the academia-industry divide in hospitality marketing research in the form of the "Research Devaluation Map" and offers ideas for discussion points and suggestions for change. Design/methodology/approach: The conceptualization of the Research Devaluation Map was developed at an invitational thought-leadership conference. The authors were asked to produce a forward looking, critical reflection of hospitality marketing scholarship. The authors generated a preliminary idea and developed a methodology for its implementation. They then proposed a framework that explicated the divide between hospitality marketing research and industry practice and a list of discussion points regarding possible solutions. Findings: The issues currently challenging the hospitality research field are found to include the choice of research topics (the "what"), the methods used in research (the "how") and the systemic factors that shape the academic culture (the "systemic"). These three factors lead to a mutual devaluation of the academic–industry relationship in hospitality marketing, causing a schism between research and industry practice. Research limitations/implications: The Research Devaluation Map serves as a springboard for future research studies, providing a framework for naming and operationalizing the antecedents and results of the divide between hospitality marketing research and practice. Originality/value: This paper takes a holistic look at the gaps in current hospitality marketing research and puts forth a framework to explain the roots of these issues. While certain of these issues are known to both researchers and practitioners, the originality of this paper lies in the creation of the Research Devaluation Map that identifies the causes and results of the disconnect between research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to provide a critical reflection on the impact of the gig economy on the hospitality workforce. The impact of the gig economy on hospitality workforce management is explored, with the paper delving into both theoretical insights and practical implications. Design/methodology/approach: This paper offers reflections on the emerging trend of the gig economy and its impacts on the hospitality workforce, based on evidence collected from the selected literature, industry report and authors' personal reflections. A micro-meso-macro analytical framework was also applied to assist authors in building the arguments and propositions. Findings: The findings not only revealed the impacts of the gig economy on the hospitality workforce at micro-meso-macro levels but also underscored its close relationships with various concepts in the hospitality management literature. Both future research directions and practical implications are provided. Practical implications: Amid the gig economy's transformative influence, stakeholders must continually innovate for an empowering and secure work environment. A holistic approach is necessary to establish a harmonious gig ecosystem, ensuring fair treatment, benefits and protection for workers while fostering growth and well-being. Originality/value: Throughout the paper, a critical reflection on the impact of the gig economy on the hospitality workforce is presented, along with suggestions for coping with current labor issues in hospitality and tourism. Future research directions are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to delve into the ethical challenges in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to underscore the necessity of establishing principles for ethical AI utilization in hospitality and tourism. Design/methodology/approach: A narrative review of research on ethical AI across diverse realms was conducted to reflect current research progress and examine whether sufficient measures have been taken to address issues pertinent to AI utilization in hospitality and tourism. Findings: Ethical issues including privacy concerns, detrimental stereotypes, manipulation and brutalization pertinent to AI utilization are elaborated. How AI should be properly used and managed ethically, responsibly and sustainably is suggested. Research limitations/implications: Five fine-tuned principles for regulating AI use in hospitality and tourism are proposed. Practical implications: A resilient mindset, enhancement of AI context adaptability, equilibrium between development and regulation and collaborative effort of multiple stakeholders are paramount. Originality/value: Through applying the AI evolution trajectory model, this study contributes to the current discourse of managing AI by proposing a framework that addresses the specific characteristics of hospitality and tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to offer an overview of hospitality and tourism research on artificial intelligence (AI) and its impact on the industry. More specifically, this study examines hospitality and tourism AI research trends in hospitality and tourism customer service experience creation and delivery, service failure and recovery, human resources and organizational behavior. Based on the review, this study identifies the challenges and opportunities and provides directions for future studies. Design/methodology/approach: A narrative synthesis approach was used to review the hospitality and tourism research on AI and its impact on various aspects of the industry. Findings: AI and AI applications in customer service experience creation and delivery and its possible effects on employees and organizations are viewed as a double-edged sword. Although the use of AI and AI applications offers various benefits, there are also serious concerns over the ethical use of AI, the replacement of human employees by AI-powered devices, discomfort among customers and employees and trust toward AI. Originality/value: The paper offers an updated holistic overview of AI and its implications in different facets of the hospitality and tourism industry. Challenges and opportunities are discussed to foster future discussions on the use of AI among scholars and industry professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to explore how Syrian entrepreneurs in Egypt might ensure the inclusion of Egyptian employees in their restaurants in return for gratitude for the good treatment they receive from that country. The empirical sample comprises 54 semi-structured interviews with employees working full-time in restaurants owned by Syrians in Egypt. The findings showed that the previous disappointments and hardships of the refugees shape their way of thinking and behaving. The interviews indicated that Syrian refugees in Egypt return the gratitude they receive from their host country with long working hours, low financial incentives, and second-class treatment for their Egyptian employees. Moreover, the findings also indicated that guaranteeing Syrian entrepreneurs ongoing action resources (access to education, health, the labour market), emancipative values (ongoing tolerance from the host-country citizens) and civic entitlement (laws to secure freedom for Syrian refugees) might result in him or her feeling like the master that the citizens of the host country should please because he has suffered a lot in his country of origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the notion of 'civil society hospitality', addressing welcoming initiatives that open spaces and provide services to unaccompanied youth in Malmö. The article contributes to the literature on bottom-up humanitarianism and focuses on hospitality practices and their limits. Through semi-structured interviews with key civil society actors and attending key events, the article argues that civil society faces limitations in providing services that are embedded in the law and in funding constraints that shift their efforts towards pragmatism with the goal of 'bringing back in' those excluded from a changing social democratic welfare model. On the other hand, the bottom-up initiative of creating a welcoming space is also seen as a form of subversion of migration governance. Civil society hospitality in Malmö illustrates how the guest/host divide is reshaped, contested and reaffirmed. By tracing the services offered within the welcoming initiatives of civil society, this article offers insights into how actors attempt to shape a safe open space that contests current migration governance, but also cooperates with state actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unplanned purchases, such as same-day bookings for hotel stays, are an emerging trend. However, few studies have examined unplanned purchases, particularly luxury hospitality and tourism purchases. This study compares consumers' unplanned purchases of luxury goods and experiences. Four studies of luxury consumers in Hong Kong and the United States show that unplanned purchases of luxury experiences (vs. luxury goods) increase positive emotions and that the underlying mechanism is escapism. This study also shows that the price of luxury experiences enhances escapism whereas the price of luxury goods does not. This study contributes to the literature by challenging the universally negative view of unplanned luxury purchases. Luxury marketers should appeal to consumers' sense of escapism to induce unplanned purchases of luxury experiences. Further, luxury marketers should maintain the monetary exclusivity of luxury experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the role of gifts in embassies to Russia in the Muscovite period, primarily in the seventeenth century. While acknowledging the importance of the ambassadorial gift presented at court in signaling honor, respect, status, and friendship between sovereigns, it shifts attention to the less glamorous, but recurring shows of goodwill and liberality evident in an ambassador's many interactions with the tsar's subjects, officials, and courtiers as he travelled to his destination. Pulling together scattered references to such gifts from a variety of Russian and foreign sources, the article discusses how these lesser gestures of generosity functioned within shared diplomatic conventions of the early modern era relating to gift-exchange. The discussion highlights the intertwined function of hospitality, reciprocity, sociability, the ranking of social hierarchies, and public display in the dynamic of non-ritualized diplomatic giving. It also brings into focus the role of the ambassador's road as an ongoing site of gift exchange and of knowledge acquisition pertinent to an embassy's tasks, including that of largesse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The severity of COVID-19’s economic impact on the hospitality and tourism sector cannot be overstated. While governments around the world have tried to revive through various stimulus measures, what is lacking is an integrative framework combining the applied side of the industry with the rigor of scientific inquiry to aid public policy stakeholders in sketching out recovery pathways and prioritizing stimulus packages. The purpose of this research article is to systematically study and research the COVID–19 and post-COVID-19 situations in the industries mentioned above and fill the gap by integrating scenario planning with the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy AHP). A new phase of insights has found a place by shedding light on the application of a multi-theoretical framework. The results of this research are of substantial importance to scholars and practitioners and make important theoretical and policy contributions for handling similar scenarios in the future. The essence of the current article is the application of a multi-theoretical framework in an under-researched topic in the hospitality and tourism literature.