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Introduction: Globally, there is an increase of the keratoconus prevalence and its diagnosis in early ages. A great number of subclinical cases and others with a quick progression are notified, conditioned by the early onset of the disease and the association with risk factors. Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical aspects and the result of diagnostic means involved in the early detection of infant keratoconus. Development: There are elements that alert the presence of a keratoconus as a cause of the refractive defect in children with ametropia. From the epidemiologic point of view they are: geographical distribution, heredity role and environmental factors. History of previous diseases are clinically pointed out, such as allergies, myopia or myopic astigmatism with refractive instability and the clinical signs related to cone progression. In risk patients it is necessary to carry out exams by means of different diagnostic means according to their availability, being essential the refractive, keratometric and topographic analysis. Conclusions: In the evaluation of children with ametropia, epidemiological and clinical elements should be taken into account that allow to suspect and early diagnose the keratoconus. In the interpretation of results of the diagnostic means involved in their detection the most frequent findings in the infant population, should be considered according to the ectasia degree of progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of this research is to analyze how public policies in Brazil are interconnected to prevent and eradicate child labor. It seeks to understand the legal protection against the exploitation of child labor, explore the Program for the Eradication of Child Labor and the National Policy related to it, and examine the responsibilities of the entities of the Rights Guarantee System in combating this issue. The central question of the research is: how does intersectoral coordination of public policies for this purpose occur in Brazil? The initial hypothesis suggests that there is a shared responsibility between the bodies of the Rights Guarantee System, organized through care, protection and justice policies, enabling joint and networked action through the National Plan and the Child Labour Eradication Programme, aimed at combating the causes and effects of child labour exploitation. The method used was deductive and monographic, using documentary and bibliographic research techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In Colombia, there is a significant gap between the regulations related to the recognition of rights, inclusion, and mechanisms for the protection of children with disabilities and the implementation of the law. In this context, the aim of this study was to explore the social representations of cerebral palsy in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Methodology: We collected information from mothers with children with cerebral palsy who consulted a neurorrehabilitation center in Cali, Colombia between January and February 2022 using the free list and the peer questionnaire. Results: For mothers, cerebral palsy is a movement disorder that, together with learning and communication difficulties, generates a great demand for care by the caregiver, accompanied by feelings of resignation in the face of the consequences of the brain injury and perceived social discrimination. Conclusions: The social representations on cerebral palsy reveal a negative and hopeless view of recovery, as well as resilience on the part of caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents experiences of psychoanalytic work with open groups of children carried out in a health institution in Montevideo. The characteristics of the device used, the most common indications, the coordination style adopted, and the therapeutic effects of playing with others are detailed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cone Beam Computed Tomography offers highly precise 3D images ideal for diagnosis and case planning, although this imaging method involves the use of high doses of radiation. When considering the optimization principle, radiation dose reduction methods aim to modify the technical parameters of the equipment to obtain an ideal combination between dose and image quality. This is important in the pediatric patient because the highest levels of risk are associated with X-ray exposure in this age group. We present the case of an 11-year-old female patient is presented, in which a low-resolution protocol is used to locate the maxillary retained canines. The advantages and practical application of this imaging study method are analyzed by performing variations in exposure parameters. Supported by tomographic images, the surgical procedure is carried out to subsequently a guided eruption, achieving the location of the canines in their usual position. It is evident that the adjustment of the exposure parameters did not affect the required image and the expected results were achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue is a viral infection which is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito and has four serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4). The disease triggers a variety of clinical manifestations, ranging from mild forms without warning signs to severe lifethreatening forms. We present the case of a 5-year-old boy, from the province of Callao, whose first symptoms were fever, headache and general malaise. On the third day, the child had mild abdominal pain and little vomiting; subsequently, abdominal distension, jaundice and choluria. He was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit being alert and with moderate dehydration, jaundice, edema, distended and tender abdomen, shifting dullness and liver 2 cm below the right costal margin. Complementary tests revealed liver failure, hepatosplenomegaly and pleural effusion in the bases. Using a reactive IgM ELISA, severe dengue was diagnosed, as well as a superinfection due to probable spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. He started treatment with antibiotics, furosemide, fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate and metamizole. As the child did not get better, the diuretic was optimized, and human albumin was administered. Thereafter, he got better showing decreased ascites, edema, jaundice and pleural effusion; improvement of the liver and coagulation profile; and being afebrile. He unexpectedly presented respiratory distress due to congestive heart failure caused by dilated cardiomyopathy diagnosed by echocardiography; thus, he was treated with diuretics. The patient was discharged afebrile, without edema and with resolution of liver failure and coagulation disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Many studies suggest that shared book reading (SBR) helps children to develop verbal repertoires, which can be enhanced by using extratextual strategies for the explicit teaching of words. Few studies explicitly relate the type of extratextual strategy to children's levels of engagement and verbal participation. Objective: To verify the relationship between extratextual strategies for teaching words and measures of engagement and verbal participation of children, during SBR and complementary activity sessions. Methodology: Participants were 13 preschool children (five girls), aged between 4 and 5 years. Videos of three SBR sessions and a complementary activity session were transcribed and categorized according to the type of extratextual strategy used by the researcher, the type of engagement (active or passive, measured by children's non-verbal behavior), and the children's verbal participation during the sessions (related or not to the activity and the target words). Results: Total engagement was similar across all sessions, but it was more frequently related to the researcher than to peers. The strategies of explaining the meaning of target words and starting conversations seemed to evoke more speeches from children related to the target words than highlighting and verbal instruction strategies; during this ones, verbal utterances related to the activity, or the story were more frequent. Conclusions: some extratextual strategies seem to establish more favorable contexts for children's verbal participation, and it's essential to organize contingencies that further engagement and verbal participation about the taught content since these two response classes seem to be complementary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Many studies suggest that shared book reading (SBR) helps children to develop verbal repertoires, which can be enhanced by using extratextual strategies for the explicit teaching of words. There are few studies that explicitly relate the type of extratextual strategy to children's levels of engagement and verbal participation. Objective: To verify the relationship between extratextual strategies for teaching words and measures of engagement and verbal participation of children, during SBR and complementary activity sessions. Methodology: Participants were 13 preschool children (5 girls), aged between 4 and 5 years. Videos of three SBR sessions and a complementary activity session were transcribed and categorized according to the type of extratextual strategy used by the researcher, the type of engagement (active or passive, measured by children's non-verbal behavior), and the children's verbal participation during the sessions (related or not to the activity and the target words). Results: Total engagement was similar across all sessions, but it was more frequently related to the researcher than to peers. The strategies of explaining the meaning of target words and starting conversations seemed to evoke more speeches from children related to the target words than highlighting and verbal instruction strategies; during this ones, verbal utterances related to the activity or to the story were more frequent. Conclusions: some extratextual strategies seem to establish more favorable contexts for children's verbal participation, and it's essential to organize contingencies that further engagement and verbal participation about the taught content, since these two response classes seem to be complementary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is a highly incident and recurrent condition, with episodes presenting varying levels of severity, being more prevalent among women. Maternal depression is known for its impact on parenting and schoolchildren's behavior. However, the influence of depression severity has been less systematically addressed. This study's objective was to identify and analyze empirical studies published between 2016 and 2022 addressing associations between the severity of maternal depression and schoolchildren's behavior. PRISMA guidelines were adopted with the following keywords: "maternal depress* and parenting and behavior problems." A total of 737 studies were identified in PsychInfo, PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, and Scielo databases and 10 were selected for analysis. Two other studies were included through the bibliographic references of the identified articles, totaling 12 studies for final analysis. Most of the studies were cross-sectional and presented predictive analyses. The results show that different severity levels of depression were associated with fewer positive practices and more behavioral problems in children. Additionally, current depression, in relation to the chronicity of the disorder, can better explain the negative impact on parenting practices. These findings can guide health professionals who care for children with behavioral problems, in the sense of guiding their guidelines by also considering the mental health condition of the mothers. Further studies addressing this population are suggested to investigate jointly the impact of different levels of maternal depression severity on parenting and children's behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Writing processing occurs at different levels of analysis: phonological, orthographic, morphosyntactic and semantic. In writing, as in reading, the lexical route is used for the transcription of more frequent words while the phonological route allows the phoneme-grapheme association of each unknown word component. During the literacy process, errors are common and demonstrate what hypotheses about writing the student raises at that moment. There are several classifications of spelling errors in the literature and this study seeks to classify them according to the phonological, orthographic, morphosyntactic and semantic levels and also according to three processes: substitution, omission or addition and word junction or segmentation. With these criteria, the spelling profile of typical students from the 2nd to 5th year of elementary school was outlined. The assessment was carried out by dictation of noun phrases applied to groups of 10 children at school. The dictations were analyzed by a panel made up of a speech therapist and a linguist and the errors were classified into 23 categories, subsequently analyzed by item response theory and invariance analysis. The behavior of errors throughout the school years was analyzed using Fisher's exact test. Errors in the substitution process decreased throughout school progression, while errors in the omission and addition process showed a statistically significant difference between the alphabetical phase and the orthographic phase of literacy, and word junction and segmentation errors had statistical significance between the 2nd year and the subsequent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: enuresis is a common disorder throughout the world; however, it is abnormal after five years of age, resulting in social isolation and disruptions in the family unit. Objective: to characterize children who suffer from primary enuresis and who were treated in the Pediatric Mental Health Consultation and referred from their Health Area. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the Pediatric Mental Health Clinic of the "Chiqui Gómez Lubián" Polyclinic of the Municipality of Santa Clara in the period from January 2019 to January 2020. The population consisted of 14 children. Results: the male sex prevailed (71.4%) and 64.3% were grouped between the ages of seven and nine, nine had a family pathological history and 64.3% were affected by parental divorce; They reported poor concentration and interaction in the group, average or poor school performance, and sadness. Conclusions: enuresis is a disease that affects children and the family with a high biopsychosocial significance, which is why an integrative approach is necessary in its clinical-therapeutic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Bedwetting is a frequent reason to visit pediatric, infant psychiatry, psychology and family medicine services, with more percentage in 5 years children, followed by 7 and 9 years children, in that order. Objective: To determine the construct validity of the hypnotherapeutic algorithm for patients with monosymptomatic bedwetting. Methods: A complex investigation of 97 patients was carried out, who were assisted in the Therapeutic Hypnosis Clinic of the University of Medical Sciences in Santiago de Cuba, from February, 2021, to July, 2022 which was structured in 3 methodological phases of construct validation to continue the phase IV of hypnotherapeutic algorithm content validation, on the base of 2 quasi-experiments without control group and a quasi-experiment with non equivalent control group of the second phase of this investigation. Results: The factorial analysis on the study of main components was possible, because the factors 1, 2 and 3 should stay, which was expressed in the sedimentation graph and in the explained total variance, through the percentages accumulated in the initial auto values and the sum of saturations to the square of extraction and rotation with 64.24%. Conclusions: The construct validation of the designed algorithm showed relevancy, given by the suitability of the factorial analysis and the Bartlett test of spherical form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objetivo. Definir el estado de la vacunación contra el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) en la población masculina (niños y hombres). Material y métodos. Se empleó una adaptación de la metodología de revisión rápida de Cochrane. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron: Medline, Embase, Central y Lilacs, utilizando términos Decs “Human Papillomavirus Viruses”, “Primary Care”, “Papillomavirus Vaccines” “Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18”, “Child” y “man”. La revisión abarcó artículos originales, revisiones sistemáticas y reportes de casos, centrados en niños y hombres sin comorbilidades, que fueron inmunizados contra el VPH. Resultados. Se seleccionaron 15 artículos de los 5320 originales y se utilizaron filtros específicos incluyendo la selección por título, resumen y unidad de análisis final. Se destaca la eficacia de la vacuna en la prevención de la infección por VPH, así como su seguridad y tolerancia en población adulta y pediátrica. Conclusión. La vacunación contra VPH es de suma importancia en la salud pública como una acción efectiva para combatir la propagación del virus y sus complicaciones; en niños se postula como una estrategia efectiva con un mayor impacto de prevención al no haber iniciado la vida sexual. Futuras investigaciones deberían centrarse en el impacto que tendrá la vacunación contra el VPH a nivel del país.

Contexto: la influencia del contacto con disruptores endocrinos, tanto en el periodo prenatal como posnatal, ha generado preocupación, debido a su posible relación con el desarrollo de enfermedades endocrinológicas en la población pediátrica. Objetivo: recopilar la evidencia científica con respecto a la presentación de enfermedades endocrinológicas en niños y adolescentes como consecuencia de la exposición a disruptores endocrinos. Metodología: en esta revisión narrativa se examinó la literatura publicada sobre este tema mediante la utilización de bases de datos electrónicas y búsquedas manuales en revistas especializadas. En total se seleccionaron 33 artículos. Resultados: se encontró relación entre el contacto con estas sustancias y el desarrollo de enfermedades no transmisibles, tales como obesidad, diabetes, síndrome metabólico, trastornos del crecimiento y desarrollo, y alteraciones en la función tiroidea. Asimismo, se ha comprobado que la exposición a dichos compuestos puede generar repercusiones a largo plazo en el desarrollo endocrino y reproductivo. Conclusión: hay que realizar investigaciones adicionales para abordar las brechas en el conocimiento actual y establecer una base científica robusta que respalde la toma de decisiones en salud pública.

La salud mental constituye uno de los pilares actuales de la salud global, por tanto, se considera un factor esencial en el bienestar y calidad de vida del ser humano. El crecimiento dramático de la incidencia y prevalencia de trastornos mentales ha acarreado una carga de enfermedad silenciosa e insostenible para los sistemas de salud, sobre todo en grupos etarios más precoces, como niños y adolescentes. Aunque los desórdenes depresivos mayores, síndromes ansiosos y desorden de la conducta y la alimentación son algunos de los más frecuentes en esta edad, el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) también es una entidad de interés que afecta entre el 5 %-10 % de los niños. Para su manejo, existe tratamiento farmacológico basado en medicamentos estimulantes y no estimulantes. Recientemente, evidencia de la más alta calidad demostró que existe mayor riesgo de que niños y adolescentes sufran algún evento cardiovascular por la administración de fármacos para el TDAH, en comparación con aquellos que no recibieron la medicación. Considerando el impacto y la pertinencia del TDAH en las poblaciones infantil y adolescente en la actualidad, así como el uso de fármacos para su control, es imperativo disponer de evidencia de la mejor calidad para la toma de decisiones en la práctica asistencial. A la fecha, no existe evidencia en habla hispana que haya sintetizado y analizado este fenómeno. Con base en lo anterior, el objetivo de esta revisión consiste en analizar la evidencia más reciente sobre la asociación entre riesgo cardiovascular y farmacoterapia en pediátricos por el TDAH. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica utilizando los términos de búsqueda “Riesgo Cardiovascular”, “Déficit de Atención por Hiperactividad” y “Pediátricos”, además de sinónimos, los cuales fueron combinados con los operadores “AND” y “OR”, en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science y MEDLINE. Luego de revisarse la literatura más reciente, se identificó que, aunque la calidad de la evidencia actual sobre la asociación entre incremento del riesgo cardiovascular secundario a la farmacoterapia en niños y adolescentes por el TDAH es muy baja, heterogénea y fragmentada, la tendencia apunta a que podría existir un potencial riesgo en la alteración de los parámetros hemodinámicos, esencialmente frecuencia cardiaca y presión arterial, sin significar la aparición frecuente o significativa de eventos adversos cardiovasculares serios. No obstante, la evidencia sugiere el monitoreo continuo.

Introducción: La hipertensión arterial pulmonar puede estar asociada secundariamente a enfermedades del tejido conectivo. Entre estas enfermedades, predominan la esclerosis sistémica y la dermatomiositis juvenil. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y transversal. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de dermatomiositis juvenil y esclerosis sistémica que acudieron a nuestro hospital. Posteriormente se verificaron los niveles de presión arterial pulmonar mediante ecocardiografía. Resultados: Se incluyeron 58 pacientes, de los cuales sólo 17 pacientes tuvieron ecocardiografía diagnóstica. Entre ellos, dos pacientes presentaron hipertensión arterial pulmonar. Conclusión: La detección oportuna de la hipertensión arterial pulmonar en las enfermedades del tejido conectivo es esencial. Generalmente es asintomático. Es necesario adherirse al protocolo internacional que sugiere realizar ecocardiografía en todos los pacientes con dermatomiositis juvenil y esclerosis sistémica.

Foundation: motor coordination has been and will be one of the most important components in the physical education area, since it allows synchronizing and coordinating the muscles movements and extremities of the body, in order to enable the performance of various activities.Objective: to determine the motor coordination level differentiated by age and sex in schoolchildren.Methods: research carried out at the Mariano Ospina Rodríguez Educational Institution, which included schoolchildren from six to eleven years of age, to whom the 3JS test was applied, which consists of seven tests battery to determine the motor coordination level in children. Results: there were very significant differences when comparing the children motor coordination regarding all the age ranges studied (6-7 years vs 8-9 years; 6-7 years vs 10-11 years; 8-9 years vs 10 -11 years) (pConclusions: the results allow us to infer that it is important to evaluate and develop activities according to the child maturation stage to determine more specific jobs for girls, since in this work and in many studies carried out, a significant difference was identified in terms of their motor development.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a mucocutaneous syndrome characterized by vasculitis that affects medium vessels; its main manifestation is an acute febrile syndrome lasting at least five days and often of unknown etiology. It appears mainly in children under five years of age, it is considered to be frequent, but there are underreportings. It is characterized by having two presentation forms: typical or atypical. The clinical case of a child who was hospitalized due to acute febrile syndrome associated with malaise and irritability is presented. The physical examination revealed discrete edema in the hands and feet as well as a rash, no hepatomegaly or ocular alterations. Taking into account the epidemiology, the atypical clinical picture and the results of hemochemical studies, the diagnosis of atypical Kawasaki disease was concluded. Specific treatment was imposed and a satisfactory evolution was achieved with no immediate complications. This nosological entity requires an adequate clinical-epidemiological evaluation of the patients, as well as a meticulous physical examination and an early diagnosis to achieve a favorable patients’ evolution and the absence of cardiac sequelae, which would endanger the patients’ life and/or their future quality of life.

Foundation: the support of family members and the health team for parents caring for their diabetic children is essential for facing with the changes that this disease causes in family dynamics.Objective: to describe the perception of parent caregivers about family support and Health Systems at the beginning of their children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Methods: qualitative descriptive study carried out through semi-structured interviews with four parent caregivers of children with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. Informed consent was carried out via Google forms and the interview was via the ZOOM platform. The interviews lasted 30 minutes. The analysis of the interviews was carried out using the ATLAS.ti version 22 program.Results: the beginning of the children's illness was received by parents with much confusion and lack of knowledge. Regarding the support networks, the parents declared loneliness in the experience of caring for the children and, in relation to the health teams, they reported that it is focused on the basic care that they had to fulfill, such as food and hygiene, glycemic control, with absence of concern for emotional support.Conclusions: the support needs from health teams to parent caregivers, beyond disease control, is an explicit need from the evidence, which has not yet been considered by Health Systems. Support must go beyond the family, with important action by health professionals and the entire context in which children are inserted, to contribute to adequate management of the disease.

Fundamento: la toxoplasmosis adquirida en niños durante los primeros años de vida es la consecuencia de la transmisión por vía oral de esta parasitosis.Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de infección por Toxoplasma gondii en niños en los primeros años de vida y relacionarlos con variables epidemiológicas de infestación.Métodos: estudio descriptivo y transversal para examinar la presencia de anticuerpos IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii en niños de uno a seis años de edad en el área rural del municipio Cueto durante el periodo 2020-2021. Se utilizó un muestreo probabilístico por cuotas y se recopilaron variables demográficas y epidemiológicas. Se obtuvo una muestra de 200 niños, a los que se les tomó suero a través de venopunción. Se utilizó la técnica de IFI para determinar la presencia de anticuerpos IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii y se aplicó la prueba no paramétrica Chi-Cuadrado de Pearson para comprobar hipótesis de investigación.Resultados: la seropositividad a T. gondii fue de un 58 % en la muestra estudiada; se encontró relación entre la infestación y la convivencia con gatos domésticos y con la procedencia del agua. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la prevalencia de T. gondii en relación con la edad, el sexo, nivel social, cultural y la higiene ambiental, consumo de carnes, frutas y hortalizas, convivencias con animales de corral.Conclusiones: se evidencia seroprevalencia a T. gondii en la población infantil de uno a seis años de edad y su relación con la procedencia del agua y la convivencia con gatos.

Foundation: urinary tract infection is one of the most common diseases in children and presents with non-specific symptoms, especially in younger children, in which the most important sign is fever.Objective: to characterize a series of pediatric cases hospitalized due to urinary tract infection.Methods: a descriptive study, of a case series type, was carried out at the Pediatric Hospital of Camagüey, from January to March 2023. The sample was made up of 112 patients, once the selection criteria were applied. The studied variables were: age group and sex, health area, clinical signs and symptoms, risk factors and isolated germs. Data processing was carried out using the statistical package for the social sciences and the results were expressed in absolute values and percentages.Results: the age group of children under one year (31.2%) and the female sex (68.7%) predominated. The Finlay Health Area was the one that contributed the most cases (22.3%), while fever was the predominant symptom (93.8%), as well as abandoning breastfeeding as the main risk factor (25.9%). In 32.1% of the cases the Escherichia coli germ was isolated.Conclusions: urinary tract infection is more frequent in female infants, and fever is confirmed as the main symptom, in addition to the abandonment of breastfeeding being collected as a substantial risk factor.

Foundation: bronchial asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in childhood. The guidelines for diagnosis and treatment are governed by severity, level of control and quality of life, however, there is no evidence that demonstrates its statistical association.Objective: to measure the association degree between the severity of bronchial asthma, control level and quality of life in children.Methods: cross-sectional study, carried out from January to December 2022, in a sample of 189 patients with a bronchial asthma confirmed diagnosis. The analyzed variables were: age, sex, severity, level of control and quality of life. Statisticians, absolute frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean and standard deviation were calculated. The Chi-square test (pResults: the mean age was 9.17 years (SD ± 0.67). Males predominated, representing 53.54%. Intermittent asthma (39.15%), partial control level (59.79%) and high quality of life (50.26%) prevailed. When relating severity with level of control, the association statistician indicated X2=190.461 (VC= 0.662); in the case of severity and quality of life, X2=252.673 (VC=0.762); and between level of control and quality of life, X2=66.733 (VC=0.401).Conclusions: there was a strong association between severity of bronchial asthma-level of control and between severity of asthma-quality of life; as well as a moderate association between level of control-quality of life.

Introducción. El Trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) engloba un grupo de trastornos que afectan el desarrollo infantil. Además del desarrollo neurológico, el aspecto nutricional es uno de los más afectados. En ocasiones esta alteración pasa desapercibida debido a la percepción alterada del estado nutricional (EN) que tienen los progenitores del niño. Objetivo. Determinar la concordancia entre el estado nutricional objetivo y percibido por padres de niños con TEA que asisten a la Asociación Esperanza para el Autismo, en la ciudad de Asunción, de junio a setiembre del 2018. Materiales y métodos. estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte trasverso, muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Participaron 29 padres de 29 niños. Se utilizó un cuestionario para determinar hábitos de alimentación. Para determinar la percepción del EN se empleó la Escala de Warschburger-Kröller (2009) y la Children’s Body Image Scale (2012) Se evaluó concordancia entre lo percibido y observado mediante el Índice de Kappa. Resultados. predominó el sexo masculino (86%), y participaron 23 madres. La media de edad de los niños fue de 4,7 años, y de los progenitores 36 años. El 56% de los niños (< 5 años) presentó un estado nutricional adecuado, mientras que el 53% de los mayores de 5 años presentó obesidad. Se observó una ligera concordancia entre la percepción de los padres y el estado nutricional objetivo. Conclusión. la educación nutricional a los padres de niños con TEA es fundamental para mejorar el estado nutricional actual, y permitir una percepción más cercana a la objetiva.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Pediatría de Atención Primaria is the property of LUA Ediciones 3.0 S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)