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Brown algae and fish waste contain high-value compounds with potentially beneficial effects on plant growth. Several commercial fertilizer products are currently available, but the characteristics of the materials are usually not well-described. Fish and seaweed residues originating from the Norwegian coast are available, after industrial processing, which may be combined into complete fertilizers exerting additional effects on crop plants (biostimulants). In this study, raw samples of fish and seaweed residues were investigated using ecofriendly technologies (drying, leaching), targeting search and isolation of potential biostimulants, followed by physicochemical characterization (elemental analysis, UV–visible, FT-IR, ICP-MS, ICP-OES, electrical conductivity, pH, etc.). Organic solvent extractions were employed to determine the available mineral content, micro- and macro-nutrients, antioxidant compounds, and amino acid content by chemical hydrolysis. The in vitro biotoxicity profile (cell viability, morphology, migration) of the generated extracts was also perused, employing Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) along with sensitive neuronal eukaryotic cell lines N2a58 and SH-SY5Y, to assess their time- and concentration-dependent efficacy as antimicrobials and agents counteracting oxidative stress. The analytical composition of all raw materials showed that they contain important nutrients (K, P, Ca, N) as well as organic compounds and amino acids (Gly, Asp, Glu, Leu, Phe) capable of acting as plant biostimulants. Concurrently, the inherently high conductivity values and salt content necessitated leaching processes, which result in Na+ and K+ decreasing by more than ~60% and justifying further their use in soil treatment formulations. The aforementioned results and assertions, combined with physical measurements (pH, electrical conductivity, etc.) on naturally occurring and dried samples as well as green solvent extra

Fremvisning af forskningsforsøg med kompost i semi-field forsøg i væksthus fra Comcrop og Soilcom projekterne d. 24. april 2023 hos Institut for Fødevarer AU - Invitation til særligt inviterede

Improving nitrogen supply is often a central motivation when agricultural operations want to optimise their nutrient management. The tool explains how nitrogen supply can be improved through well-chosen crop rotation, catch crops and legumes and fertilisation.

Introduction One main obstacle to sustainable nutrient management in organic farming is the scarcity of nutrients. Further, commonly used nutrient sources in organic farming like composts or straw-rich animal manure show low nitrogen (N) fertilizer value. Anaerobic co-digestion of animal manures with biomass from green manures could increase the N fertilizer value of the animal manures while the addition of green manure would result in a higher quantity of fertilizers available in organic farming. Yet, studies investigating N fertilizer values under organic management are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the N fertilizer value of different products from anaerobic digestion (digestates, separated liquid fraction of digestates) as well as cattle manure and mineral fertilization under organic management. In addition, the difference in fertilizer value due to application timing (before vs. after ploughing) and crop management (organic vs. conventional) was tested. Methodology Two field studies were performed on loamy sand soil at the research station Foulumgaard (56o49’N, 09o58’E). Study 1 compared the effect of digestates (co-digestion of cattle slurry and clover grass silage), and liquid fraction from separated digestates with the effect of an unfertilized control, cattle slurry, and mineral fertilization on spring barley yield in two consecutive years under organic management. Study 2 investigated the differences in the fertilizer value of digestates (2on cattle slurry), and cattle slurry due to application timing (before vs. after ploughing), N dose (100 vs. 200 kg N ha-1), and management (organic vs. conventional) in spring barley. The fertilizer value was calculated as N fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) for grain N and total N yield. NFRV is estimated as shown in the equations belowfrom the N use efficiency (NUE) of manures relative to NUE of mineral fertilizer N (determined as the slope of the mineral N response curve). (1) NUE=(Nuptake fertili

Thesis based on two experimental trials. First the effect of feedstock quality on compost quality. Then the effect of compost quality on plant and soil. The compost originated from the ComFerm composting machine made from vegetable waste.

Background: Fertilization with organic waste compost can close the nutrient cycles between urban and rural environments. However, its effect on yield and soil fertility must be investigated. Aim: This study investigated the long-term effect of compost on soil nutrient and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) concentration, nutrient budgets, and nitrogen (N) mineralization and efficiency. Methods: After 21 years of annual compost application (100/400 kg N ha–1 year–1 [100BC/400BC]) alone and combined with mineral fertilization, soil was analyzed for pH, organic carbon (SOC), nutrient (total N and P, Nmin, extractable CAL-P, CAL-K, and Mg), and PTE (Cu, Ni, Zn) concentrations. Yields were recorded and nutrient/PTE budgets and apparent netmineralization (ANM, only 2019) were calculated. Results:Nefficiency was the highest in maize and formineral fertilization. Compost application led to lower N efficiencies, but increased ANM, SOC, pH, and soil N, and surpluses of N, P, and all PTEs. Higher PTE concentrations were only found in 400BC for Cu. Nutrient budgets correlatedwith soil nutrient concentration. A surplus of 16.1 kg P ha–1 year–1 and 19.5 kgKha–1 year–1 resulted in 1mg kg–1 increase in CAL-P and CAL-K over 21 years. Conclusion: Compost application supplies nutrients to crops with a minor risk of soilaccumulation of PTEs. However, the nutrient stoichiometry provided by compost does not match crop offtakes causing imbalances. Synchronization of compost N mineralization and plant N demand does not match and limits the yield effect. In winter wheat only 65–70% of Nmineralization occurred during the growth period.

Cover crops are cultivated during unproductive periods to provide ecosystem services, such as preventing nitrogen (N) leaching, and have the potential to increase soil organic carbon (C), thus contributing to climate change mitigation. Their effect on soil C storage depends on C input, which is challenging to quantify due to belowground sampling (roots and C deposited in the soil). Leguminous cover crops (in pure stands or in mixtures) increase the productivity of following main crops due to high N input, but also the risk of N losses, compromising the mitigation effect. As C and N services vary with cover crop type, tradeoffs could be minimized by species selection. The aim of this study was to assess C input from different cover crop species and mixtures, as well as N uptake in their biomass, and their effect on soil mineral N (SMN) and yield of the following crop. We conducted a field experiment in 2020-2021 at Foulum, Denmark (temperate oceanic climate, sandy loam soil), with seven treatments (five cover crops, control with volunteers, and bare soil) replicated four times. Cover crops undersown in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in May 2020 were: Lolium perenne L. (ryegrass, RG), Trifolium pratense L. (red clover, RC), Plantago lanceolata L. (plantain, PL) and the mixtures RG-PL and RG-PL-RC. On August 24, 2020, after barley harvest, PVC cylinders (diameter: 29.5 cm, height: 30 cm) were inserted in each plot (25 cm depth) and used for 13C-CO2 multiple-pulse isotopic labeling. Two sessions per week were conducted until cover crop sampling in November 2020, when C and N in above- and belowground biomass, as well C deposited in the soil were determined. Monthly soil sampling (20 cm depth) was performed from August 2020 until April 2021 to assess SMN. Then barley was sown to evaluate cover crops residual effect. Aboveground biomass was lowest in RG (1.5 Mg ha-1), and highest in RG-PL-RC (5.4 Mg ha-1). Total C input (above- and belowground) ranged from 1.6 to 4.3

The video covers new soil and nutrient management strategies for organic fruit orchards with a holistic approach based on the use of leguminous intercrops in the rows and inter-row.

This final report from the project “Residual materials from marine industries as fertilisers in organic agriculture” is an example of blue-green collaboration. Such collaboration has been a strategic goal for many Norwegian research and innovation activities since the terms bioeconomy and circular economy came high on the agenda. Significant amounts of residual raw materials from marine industry are still poorly utilized. Traditionally, seaweeds and residues of fish and other sea animals were applied as feed and fertilisers along the coast of Norway, as elsewhere in coastal regions. These valuable materials should still be applied in agriculture, but the application needs to be adapted to a more professional and large-scale production. Organic agriculture aims at being selfsufficient in nutrients and other inputs for the production. A further aim is to recycle nutrients and organic matter not only inside the farm by feeding manure-producing animals, but by recycling nutrients lost from the farm by sales of products, and by runoff and emissions. The RESTOR project (2018-2022) has provided resources for establishing a significant research and developmental work on marine-derived fertilisers at the Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture (NORSØK). Marine derived fertilisers, especially from sustainable collection or capture of natural renewable resources, may fit well to the aims of organic agriculture. The project has tested residual materials rich in bones from industry processing white fish species (cod, saithe, longfish etc.), and residual material from chemical extraction of rockweed. The materials have been tested as fertilisers and soil amendments, with controlled trials indoor and in the field. A general result is a very rapid growth effect of fishbones in the year of application, with a residual effect in subsequent years resembling that of dried poultry manure. The algae fiber has no immediate fertiliser effect but has a significant residual growth effect. D

settingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessArticle Soil Organic Matter and Nutrient Levels in Outdoor Runs in Organic Laying Farms by Michele Zoli 1,*ORCID,Paolo Mantovi 2,Paolo Ferrari 2,Lorenzo Ferrari 1ORCID andValentina Ferrante 1ORCID 1 Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy 2 Fondazione CRPA Studi Ricerche, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Animals 2023, 13(3), 401; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13030401 Received: 28 November 2022 / Revised: 16 January 2023 / Accepted: 19 January 2023 / Published: 25 January 2023 (This article belongs to the Section Animal System and Management) Download Browse Figures Versions Notes Simple Summary Organic egg production is growing more and more, and consumers are increasingly attentive to sustainability issues and animal welfare. In organic production, laying hens must have continuous daytime access to outdoor runs. However, the management of this area is not always easy due to the high load of nutrients due to the feces of the hens. This work, including the FreeBirds project, aims to assess the nutrient load of the free range of three different Italian organic farms in three different contexts. The results show that, in all three farms, there is a high load of nitrates and phosphorus in the areas closest to the hen house, while for other chemical parameters, no clear trend was identified. This study shows that further developments are necessary to make the use of free range more homogeneous to avoid nutrient overloads that could cause high impacts, especially freshwater eutrophication.

I det igangværende projekt ’ Nutrient recycling for soil fertility and improved organic livelihood’ (Fertihood) er det besluttet at lave en detaljeret oversigt over relevante affaldsstrømme til rådighed for at øge næringsstofforsyningen i økologisk landbrug, herunder mulighederne for at anvende disse ressourcer. På baggrund af denne ’Kortlægning af mængden af organisk affald og restprodukter til gødningsformål’ er der lavet en screening af hvilke af disse ressourcer der pt er lovlige at anvende i økologisk jordbrug. Efterfølgende er der oprettet en ekspertgruppe, som har vurderet hvor stor en andel af disse der forventeligt vil kunne tilgå økologiske bedrifter, ud fra et skøn om en relativt større betalingsevne, baseret på den nytteværdi de vil kunne have for økologiske landmænd. Desuden har ekspertgruppen vurderet hvilke af de ikke lovlige ressourcer, der i en lidt fjernere fremtid vil kunne lovliggøres, samt andelen af disse der vil tilgå økologisk jordbrug. Det forudsættes at EU-lovgivningen i de kommende år vil udvikle sig til fordel for større grad af recirkulering fra det omgivende samfund til økologisk jordbrug. Usikkerheder forbundet med datakvalitet og vurderingsmetoden beskrives nærmere. I det videre forløb overleveres data til Fertihood projektet, hvor Økologisk Innovations center skal stå for at vurdere hvordan de skønnede organiske ressourcer bedst muligt kan anvendes i fremtidig økologisk produktion.

Plantetilgængelighed af fosfor er vigtig for jords fertilitet. Jords evne til at frigive næringsstoffer til planter er en helt central parameter i jords fertilitet. Fosfor er et plantenæringsstof som er central i planters biokemiske stofskifte og afgrøders evne til at buske sig. Planter har brug for fosfor for vækst og fosforindhold på op til 0,3% af tør biomasse er bioaktivt. Det betyder at jorden skal frigive store mængder fosfor til planter over en vækstsæson. Denne evne er et vigtigt parameter for landbrugsjords fertilitet, som kan undersøges på en række måder.

Im ökologischen Landbau werden Beikräuter durch vorbeugende pflanzenbauliche Massnahmen und durch mechanische Verfahren wie Striegeln und Hacken reguliert. Die mechanische Beikrautregulierung gewinnt im Zuge der neuen agrar- und umweltpolitischen Ziele auch im konventionellen Landbau immer mehr an Gewicht. Sie ermöglicht einen teilweisen, oder wie im Ökolandbau, einen gänzlichen Verzicht auf Herbizide. Das Hacken stellt dabei eine zusätzliche oberflächliche Bodenbearbeitung dar. Diese kann zum einen die Mineralisierung von Stickstoff anregen, aber auch zu einem Humusabbau im Oberboden führen. Langjährige Versuche zur reduzierten Bodenbearbeitung im ökologischen Landbau zeigen Vorteile für den Bodenschutz auf (Cooper et al. 2016, Krauss et al. 2022). Problematisch sind jedoch ein erhöhtes Beikrautaufkommen und eine verringerte oder verzögerte Mineralisierung im Frühjahr (Cooper et al. 2016). Das reduzierte Bodenbearbeitungssystem muss für die breitere Umsetzung durch die Biolandwirt*innen daher verbessert werden. Das Hacken hat das Potential dabei eine wichtige Stellschraube einzunehmen. Hier stellt sich jedoch die Frage, ob die Vorteile für den Bodenschutz, die sich aus der reduzierten Bodenbearbeitung ergeben, durch ein intensives Hacken und dem damit verbundenen Risiko des Humusabbaus gefährdet sind. Es gibt nur wenig wissenschaftliche Literatur zu den Auswirkungen des Hackens auf den Humusabbau (e.g. Zhang et al. 2005). Literatur und Forschung zur Wirkung mechanischer Beikrautkontrolle auf die N-Mineralisierung fehlen ebenso weitgehend. Aktuell ist uns im mitteleuropäischen Raum lediglich ein Projekt bekannt, das die Auswirkungen mechanischer Beikrautkontrolle (dort: Striegeln) auf die N-Dynamik im Boden untersucht (Beiküfner et al. 2021). In einen 2010 in Aesch (BL), Schweiz, angelegten Langzeitversuch zur reduzierten Bodenbearbeitung und differenzierten Düngung («Bodenbearbeitung Schlatthof») wird in den Jahren 2023 und 2024 die Hackintensität (von null Mal Hac

Introduction There is a large political motivation goal in the EU to increase organic farming area to 25%. However, for this, additional nutrients, preferably from recycled sources are needed. Before their wide use in organic farming concerns about contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and their influence on soil fertility must be assessed. In this study, the effect of recycled fertilizers from urban waste on crop yield, nutrient balances, soil fertility (especially soil nitrogen and carbon), and risk of contamination with PTEs were examined. Therefore, data from three long-term (>20 years) were analysed and combined with a model simulation exercise to gain more insight into the nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) cycle. Methodology Data from three long-term field trials using different recycled fertilizers, including compost from household and green waste, human urine, and sewage sludge was analysed. The first trial investigates different compost application rates in combination with mineral fertilization and was established in 1997 at the research station Heidfeldhof, South Germany. The second trial compares different application rates of sewage sludge and was established 1981 in Speyer, Germany. The third trial is called CRUCIAL and was established in 2002 at the station Taarstrup, Denmark. It compares compost from household and green waste, human urine, and sewage sludge to mineral fertilization and cattle manures. Crop yield, and soil parameters like soil carbon, soil N, phosphorus, potassium, and PTE content were collected and analysed. The results of the CRUCIAL trial were used to calibrate the soil-plant-atmosphere model DAISY which in turn was used to estimate water, C and N flows. Results and discussion Recycling urban waste into fertilizers can serve as a viable source of nutrients. In terms of nitrogen recovery rates, sewage sludge and human urine performed similarly to cattle slurry with N recovery rates of about 0.5 – 0.6, while household waste

An outdoor experiment was performed for six months to evaluate the effects of organic fertilizers obtained from marine residual materials on strawberry plants. Three types of organic fertilizers were used, i.e., cod (Gadus morhua) bone powder, common ling (Molva molva) bone powder, and pellets obtained by mixing small cod bone powder and rockweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) residues. A tabletop system for strawberry cultivation was designed, in which two bare-root strawberry plants of cultivar ‘Albion’ were planted in a peat substrate in each pot. Five treatments were applied, i.e., cod bone powder (F1), common ling bone powder (F2), small cod bone powder and rockweed residue pellets (FA), chemical fertilizer (E), and a control (C). The number of leaves and their nutrient content, fruit yield and quality characteristics of the strawberries grown using the organic fertilizers were similar or better than those corresponding to treatments E and C. Organic fertilizers derived from the residues of fish and macroalgae could be a promising alternative to chemical fertilizers in strawberry production.

Investigating the combined effect of plant-based fertilisers and compost on the plant-soil system in a pot trial

This presentation was an update about the ongoing research activities inside two related projects, SeaSoil and MariGreen, both funded by the ERA net BLue Bio cofund. Both project works with different topics related to the application of marine-derived residual materials as fertilisers.The target group was about 20 students from Øya vocational school, studying agronomy.

Data from a long-term field experiment in Norway, comparing digested and undigested slurry from organically managed dairy cows since 2011. The dataset includes chemical analyses of digested and non-digested slurry, soil characteristics at plot level of pH, extractable nutrients, loss on ignition; crop yields and botanical composition. These data supplement the findings presented and discussed in the research article Anaerobic digestion of animal manure – long-term effects on crop yields and soil characteristics.

Die Studie untersucht anhand einer Online-Befragung und eines Mouse-Tracking-Experiments unter Bio-Konsument*innen die Rolle von subjektiver Ambivalenz und Einstellungen zu Obst und Gemüse mit optischen Mängeln als Mediatoren der Beziehung zwischen Umweltbewusstsein und Zalungsbereitschaft.

Äpfel von 29 Akzessionen aus dem Schweizer Apfel-Genressourcenpool, welche von zwei Standorten in der Schweiz stammten, wurden mittels künstlicher Inokulation auf ihre Neofabraea-Anfälligkeit untersucht.

Die Studie untersucht anhand von realen Verkaufsexperimenten im Öko-Handel die Verbraucherakzeptanz für Obst und Gemüse mit optischen Mängeln sowie den Einfluss einer informativen und emotionalen Kommunikationsstrategie.

Lorsque la proportion de légumineuses dans la rotation des cultures est trop élevée, l’on observe souvent une baisse des rendements des pois, des féveroles et d’autres légumineuses. L’une des causes de ce phénomène peut être ce que l’on appelle la fatigue du sol affectant les légumineuses. La présente fiche technique énonce le contexte, les méthodes de prévention et les contre-mesures. Les instructions fournies pour le test du sol permettent d’examiner en toute autonomie son sol pour y déceler d’éventuels risques.

The European Commission recently set a target of increasing the area of organic agriculture to 25% by 2030. To achieve this, it is imperative to understand current nutrient use patterns and identify sustainable nutrient supply pportunities. To that end, this study assessed the ustainability of the current nutrient origin and supply of 71 arable organic farms in 8 European regions. Deficient nutrient supply was found on 24%, 66%, and 56% of farms for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively. On average, we show a moderate surplus for nitrogen (28 kg ha−1), while phosphorus and potassium balances were close to zero (− 1 and 2 kg ha−1, respectively). Large variation between countries and farm types shows a divide between more intensive systems relying on external inputs, and less intensive systems facing nutrient deficits and lower outputs. We show, for the first time, the extent of current use of external input types, where conventional manures supplied 17–26% of external nutrients and inputs from non-agricultural origin supplied 31–41%. A large proportion of nutrient sources within the last group are materials derived from urban wastes. The sustainable expansion of the organic sector will require increased use of locally available recycled fertilizers from urban wastes, and acceptance of such sources by organic farmers is shown to be high, provided they are considered safe.

Mikroorganismer er viktige for nedbryting av organisk materiale i jord, men mange arter bidrar også til plantens næringsforsyning ved å leve fritt i jorda eller sammen med planter. Ved å analysere DNA fra jordprøver fant vi over 600 arter bakterier og 350 arter sopp i jord under eng og potet. Det var tegn til noe høyere andel av nitrogenfikserende bakterier i beite og eng, sammenlignet med i potetjorda. Det var også mer mykorrhizasopp i beite og eng enn i potetjorda. Generelt var det et stort mangfold av arter og liten forskjell i artsantall mellom de ulike systemene, mens den interne sammensetningen av bakterier og sopp var noe mer forskjellig.

Problem: Conventional methods to quantify arbuscular myc- orrhizal fungal (AMF) colonization include microsco- py, which involves staining of the roots and metic- ulous observation. This method is time consuming and subjective because it depends on the observer’s level of expertise. Solution: The use of broad range qPCR primers was validated to quantify AMF root colonization in different crops. This high-throughput and reliable technique is ver- satile and suitable for a wide range of research pro- jects.

Phosphorus is a key nutrient for food production and essential for growth and development of food crops. Though phosphorous is abundant in the soil, more than 90 % of it is not available for plants. The low availability of phosphorous for plants is due to the fact it easily binds to other elements, making it unavailable for plant uptake. Hence, phosphorous is usually added as external fertiliser in agriculture. In organic farming as synthetic P fertilisers are prohibited, natural sources of phosphorous containing material are recommended (e.g., bone meal, guano, or rock phosphate). Among these available phosphorous sources, rock phosphate (RP) is one of the most promising. However, it is a challenge to extract phosphorous from RP to make it available to plants. It is specifically a challenge to find techniques for doing so that are suitable for local context. Our study region is located in central India, where we work with approx. 3000 organic cotton farmers. Cotton is the main cash crop for farmers in our region. Here we present results from a participatory approach, where we worked with farmers to find solutions to increase phosphorous availability from RP in organic cotton production. Through farmer workshops and field visits we first identified locally available products for acidulation of RP. The products identified were tamarind, tomato, mahua vinegar, gooseberry and buttermilk then we trialed these products in farmer fields to measure their effects. Buttermilk was identified as the most promising product. Being farmer driven, adoption potential of our technique was high; however, challenges remained. We will discuss the process and challenges of such participatory research approaches and ideas to improve their sustainability.

Vortrag über 45 Jahre DOK-Versuch: die biodynamische Bewirtschaftung macht das Bodenleben vielfältiger und dadurch entsteht Boden- sprich Humusaufbau.

Myte: Om få år løber vi tør for fosfor Hvordan optager planter fosfor fra jord? Hvorfor er jordekstratioener dårlige til at forudsige planters fosforstatus? Findes der alternativer til jordekstrationer? Studie: P-testeren Struvit

Denne præsentation af Svend Hermansen berøer emnerne: •Afgrødefordeling •Olie, bælgsæd og korn •Sædskiftet •N-respons og N-værdi •Andre gødninger •Efterafgrøde-N •Fikseret N •Kløvergræs •P og K •Gyllepris •Halm •65/107?

Denne præsentation af Svend Hermansen berører emner som: •Politiske mål om fordobling •Hvordan kan det se ud •Økologernes kvælstofforbrug •Næringsstofbalancer •Kløvergræs til •Biogas •Græsprotein

Testing and evaluation of laboratory methods for the assessment of mineralizable mitrogen from bio-based fertilizers.

Denne præsentation berører emner som: Hvordan optager planter fosfor fra jord? Hvorfor er jordekstratioener dårlige til at forudsige planters fosforstatus? Findes der alternativer til jordekstrationer? Studie: P-testeren Struvit

Aktuelle Ergebnisse zur Nitratauswaschung im Ackerbau

Organic farms try to close nutrient cycles within the farm as much as possible and to use as little external inputs as necessary.

Introduction Animal manure is suspected to be a major source of nitrate leaching due to its low nitrogen (N) use efficiency by crops. However, actual measurements of nitrate leaching from animal manure under field conditions are scarce. In an on-farm field trial over 2.5 years, 15N labelled cattle slurry was used to trace the fate of manure N in the soil-plant system and to test whether more nitrate was leached after slurry than after mineral fertiliser application.

Content - Plant nutrition in organic farming - Current use of and need for external nutrient sources: Locations and approach - Current use of and need for external nutrient sources: Farm-gate budgets - Current use of and need for external nutrient sources: External inputs (e.g. P) - Current use of and need for external nutrient sources: Interviews - Workshop on contaminants in recycled fertilizers and their fate in soil-plant systems - Evaluation of recycled fertilizers in long-term experiments: yield effect, soil carbon and nitrogen, risk of PTE accumulation - Overall synthesis & recommendation - Reflections on the acceptability of recycled P fertilizers for European organic agriculture - Final remarks

Can digestate applicatin improve nitrogen use efficiency, reduce nitrate leaching and greenhouse gas enissions in organic farming?

Inhalt - Bedeutung des Bodens und der Resilienz in der Bodenfruchtbarkeit - Faktoren, die die Bodenresilienz beeinflussen - Praktiken zur Förderung der Bodenresilienz - Fallbeispiel Biolandbau

To explore alternatives to mineral fertilizers, a pilot facility producing fertilizer from Adriatic fish and mollusk sidestreams was developed. It involves different production stages: the mechanical treatment of raw materials, a subsequent hydrolysis and a concentration step (Figure 1). A life cycle assessment (LCA) identified the main environmental hotspots of this fertilizer production regarding climate change, acidification and eutrophication: production of enzymes for hydrolysis, energy use during the concentration step and packaging.

Øget opmærksomhed på jordfrugtbarhed fører til øget brug af mere detaljerede og specifikke metoder til at analysere jord og planter.

Afgrøder kan mangle fosfor, selv om fosfortallet er højt. Planteanalyser er mere retvisende, når man skal afgøre, om der er fosformangel