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One of the diagnostic tool for clinical evaluation and disease diagnosis is a pulse waveform analysis. High fidelity radial artery pulse waveforms have been investigated in clinical research to compute central aortic pressure, which has been demonstrated to be predictive of cardiovascular diseases. The radial artery must be inspected from several angles in order to obtain the best pulse waveform for estimate and diagnosis. In this study, we present the design and experimental testing of an optical sensor based on Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG). A 3D printed device along with the FBG is used to measure the radial artery pulses. The proposed sensor is used for the purpose of quantifying the radial artery pulse waveform across major pulse position point. The suggested optical sensing system can measure the pulse signal with good accuracy. The main characteristic parameters of the pulse can then be retrieved from the processed signal for their use in clinical applications. By conducting experiments under the direction of medical experts, the pulse signals are measured. In order to experimentally validate the sensor, we used it to detect the pulse waveforms at Guan position of the wrist's radial artery in accordance with the diagnostic standards. The findings show that combining optical technologies for physiological monitoring and radial artery pulse waveform monitoring using FBG in clinical applications are highly feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acoustic waves generated by seismic waves contain information on the internal structure of planets, and can be sensed by pressure sensors onboard high-altitude balloons. To identify the various contributions (infrasound signal, noise, balloon response, etc.) in such pressure records, a full waveform modeling is implemented and completed by infrasound ray tracing and additional data analysis. Here, we analyze the Stratéole-2 pressure data associated with two earthquakes (Garcia et al. Geophys. Res. Lett. 49(15):e98844, 2022) and compared these to full waveform simulations by SPECFEM2D-DG-LNS software. Even if our simulations do not precisely reproduce the waveform observed in the frequency range [0.05, 0.3] Hz, we show that the waveform presents more sensitivity to quake and internal structure parameters than to atmospheric structure, and that seismic surface wave dispersion is observed in balloon pressure records. The long-duration pressure oscillations observed after the main infrasonic signal cannot be fully reproduced by our one-dimensional input model even when source time function complexity and aftershocks are considered. These features are ascribed mainly to the complex vertical ground movements below the balloon and partly to late secondary infrasound arrivals excited by the interactions of seismic waves with the topography. These results enhance the advantages and limitations of quake-related infrasound observations on board terrestrial and planetary balloon platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart wearable devices are extensively utilized across diverse domains due to their inherent advantages of flexibility, portability, and real-time monitoring. Among these, flexible sensors demonstrate exceptional pliability and malleability, making them a prominent focus in wearable electronics research. However, the implementation of flexible wearable sensors often entails intricate and time-consuming processes, leading to high costs, which hinder the advancement of the entire field. Here, we report a pressure and proximity sensor based on oxidized laser-induced graphene (oxidized LIG) as a dielectric layer sandwiched by patterned LIG electrodes, which is characterized by high speed and cost-effectiveness. It is found that in the low-frequency range of fewer than 0.1 kHz, the relative dielectric constant of the oxidized LIG layer reaches an order of magnitude of 10 4 . The pressure mode of this bimodal capacitive sensor is capable of detecting pressures within the range of 1.34 Pa to 800 Pa, with a response time of several hundred milliseconds. The proximity mode involves the application of stimulation using an acrylic probe, which demonstrates a detection range from 0.05 mm to 37.8 mm. Additionally, it has a rapid response time of approximately 100 ms, ensuring consistent signal variations throughout both the approach and withdrawal phases. The sensor fabrication method proposed in this project effectively minimizes expenses and accelerates the preparation cycle through precise control of laser processing parameters to shape the electrode-dielectric layer-electrode within a single substrate material. Based on their exceptional combined performance, our pressure and proximity sensors exhibit significant potential in practical applications such as motion monitoring and distance detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies on flexible strain and pressure sensors have been reported due to growing interest in wearable devices for healthcare purposes. Here, we present flexible pressure and strain (motion) sensors prepared with only graphene oxide (GO) and commercial silk fabrics and yarns. The pressure sensors were fabricated by simply dipping the silk fabric into GO solution followed by applying a thermal treatment at 400 °C to obtain reduced GO (rGO). The pressure sensors were made from rGO-coated fabrics, which were stacked in three, five, and seven layers. A super-sensitivity of 2.58 × 103 kPa−1 at low pressure was observed in the seven-layer pressure sensor. The strain sensors were obtained from rGO-coated twisted silk yarns whose gauge factor was 0.307. Although this value is small or comparable to the values for other sensors, it is appropriate for motion sensing. The results of this study show a cost-effective and simple method for the fabrication of pressure and motion sensors with commercial silk and GO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of electronic technology, sensors are moving toward miniaturization and high precision. This article focuses on the flexible, high‐resolution and miniaturized features of the sensor to design a pressure sensor. This article uses 3D printing technology to create a mold, which is injected with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and demold, distribute conductive tapes at equal distances on the PDMS film. Immerse the sensitive unit into a graphene suspension, remove it, dry it, and assemble it with a PDMS film to produce a cost‐effective flexible pressure sensor. Sensor testing shows that the sensor has fast response time and recovery time, as well as good repeatability. The consistency of the sensor in various regions is good, with excellent endurance performance and low coupling between different regions of the sensor. High‐resolution perception can be realized in an area of 9 mm × 9 mm (size of the finger pulp). To further demonstrate the high‐resolution performance of the sensor, it is used to recognize Braille and perceive the roughness of the fruit surface. The sensor works well in the scenarios of miniaturization and fitting to a robot's finger. This study also lays a solid foundation for the design and development of the next sensors in miniaturization and high resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to improve the electrical properties of nanostructures made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), silicon carbide (SiC), and cerium dioxide (CeO2) so that they may be used in electronic nanodevices and flexible pressure sensors. Using a casting procedure, PVA/CeO2/SiC films containing 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt% CeO2/SiC nanoparticles were produced. When the weight% of (PVA/CeO2/SiC) nancomposites (NCs) films reaches 8%, field emission scan electron microscope (FE-SEM) investigation reveals cohesive aggregates or fragments that are randomly spread on the top surface. Unlike the pure (PVA) film, optical microscopy (OM) has shown that the (CeO2/SiC) nanoparticles (NPs) form a network inside the polymer matrix. The FTIR study showed that the physical interaction between polymer matrix (PVA) and CeO2/SiC nanoparticles. Analyses of the dielectric properties of PVA/CeO2/SiC nanocomposites showed that, as frequency increased, both the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss decreased, while its increase when the ratio of (CeO2/SiC)NPs increases. When the frequency and ratio of (CeO2/SiC) NPs in (PVA/CeO2/SiC) nanocomposites increase, the A.C electrical conductivity also increases. Results showed that the dielectric characteristics of PVA/CeO2/SiC films improved with increasing pressure, suggesting that these nanostructures might be promising as pressure sensors. The outcomes of the pressure sensor's application show that the (PVA/CeO2/SiC) nanostructures outperform competing sensors in terms of pressure sensitivity, flexibility, and environmental durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Micronanoelectronic Technology is the property of Micronanoelectronic Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Mine Automation is the property of Industry & Mine Automation Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We developed a flexible imager comprising low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon thin‐film transistors and organic photodiodes. The developed flexible imager has high‐resolution and high‐speed readout characteristics. Owing to these characteristics, pulse wave signals can be measured, and the images of fingerprints and veins can be obtained. Furthermore, we developed three‐axis tactile pressure sensors by integrating flexible optical components. The sensors can detect both normal and tangential pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of sensitivity attenuation in high-pressure region has been a persistent concern for pressure-sensitive electronic skins. In order to tackle such trade-off between sensitivity and linear range, herein, a hybrid piezoresistive-supercapacitive (HRSC) strategy is proposed via introducing a piezoresistive porous aerogel layer between the charge collecting electrodes and iontronic films of the pressure sensors. Surprisingly, the HRSC-induced impedance regulation and supercapacitive behavior contribute to significant mitigation in sensitivity attenuation, achieving high sensitivity across wide linear range (44.58 kPa−1 from 0 to 3 kPa and 23.6 kPa−1 from 3 to 12 kPa). The HRSC pressure sensor exhibits a low detection limit of 1 Pa, fast responsiveness (~ 130 ms), and excellent cycling stability, allowing to detect tiny pressure of air flow, finger bending, and human respiration. Meanwhile, the HRSC sensor exhibits exceptional perception capabilities for proximity and temperature, broadening its application scenarios in prosthetic perception and electronic skin. The proposed HRSC strategy may boost the ongoing research on structural design of high-performance and multimodal electronic sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, flexible pressure sensors have received considerable attention for their potential applications in health monitoring and human–machine interfaces. However, the development of flexible pressure sensors with excellent sensitivity performance and a variety of advantageous characteristics remains a significant challenge. In this paper, a high-performance flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor, BC/ZnO, is developed with a sensitive element consisting of bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibrous aerogel modified by ZnO nanorods. The BC/ZnO pressure sensor exhibits excellent mechanical and hydrophobic properties, as well as a high sensitivity of −15.93 kPa−1 and a wide range of detection pressure (0.3–20 kPa), fast response (300 ms), and good cyclic durability (>1000). Furthermore, the sensor exhibits excellent sensing performance in real-time monitoring of a wide range of human behaviors, including mass movements and subtle physiological signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional wearable electronic sensors exhibit significant potential for applications in health management, motion tracking, intelligent healthcare, etc. In this study, we developed a novel assembly method for a polymeric silver nanowire (Ag NW)/transition metal carbide/nitride (MXene) @Loofah device using a facile solution dip-coating technique. During the pretreatment phase, the loofah was conditioned with polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDAC), promoting the self-assembly of MXene layers and bolstering device stability. Then, the Ag NWs/MXene@Loofah was packaged with polyurethane to form a piezoresistive pressure sensor, which demonstrated superior pressure-sensing capabilities and was adept at registering movements of human joints and even subtle pulses. The design strategy presents a novel and rational approach to developing efficient pressure sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐performance flexible wearable pressure sensors require the simple preparation method coupled with a well‐designed structure. Graphene aerogel has garnered significant attention as a flexible pressure sensor due to its exceptional features such as high porosity, favorable compressibility, and fine conductivity. However, it remains challenging to precisely control the 3D structure of the graphene aerogel within the sensors, which limits the detection sensitivity and application range. Here, a freeze‐assisted transfer printing strategy (FATPS) is proposed for fabricating a high‐performance graphene aerogel‐based sensor with the gradient structures. Compared to sensors prepared using mold methods, the sensitivity of the sensor produced through FATPS can be enhanced by nearly tenfold. Furthermore, the gradient structure empowers the graphene pressure sensor with excellent reliability and rapid response time (50 ms) within the pressure range of 0.1–50 kPa. The sensor exhibits the capability to monitor and recognize various physiological activities, including pulse, vocalization, coughing, swallowing, and finger bending. It is expected that the sensor has remarkable potential applications in medical diagnosis, disability aid, and athletic injury prevention and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the popularity of smart terminals, wearable electronic devices have shown great market prospects, especially high-sensitivity pressure sensors, which can monitor micro-stimuli and high-precision dynamic external stimuli, and will have an important impact on future functional development. Compressible flexible sensors have attracted wide attention due to their simple sensing mechanism and the advantages of light weight and convenience. Sensors with high sensitivity are very sensitive to pressure and can detect resistance/current changes under pressure, which has been widely studied. On this basis, this review focuses on analyzing the performance impact of device structure design strategies on high sensitivity pressure sensors. The design of structures can be divided into interface microstructures and three-dimensional framework structures. The preparation methods of various structures are introduced in detail, and the current research status and future development challenges are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electroosmotic experiments obtain the electroosmotic pressure coefficient of a rock sample by measuring the excitation voltage at both ends of the sample and the pressure difference caused by the excitation voltage. The electroosmotic pressure is very weak and buried in the background noise, which is the most difficult signal to measure in the dynamic-electric coupling experiment, so it is necessary to improve its signal-to-noise ratio. In this paper, for the low signal-to-noise ratio of electroosmotic pressure, the dual pressure sensor method is proposed, i.e., two pressure sensors of the same type are used to measure electroosmotic pressure. Two different data extraction methods, Fast Fourier Transform and Locked Amplification, are utilized to compare the dual pressure sensor method of this paper with the existing single pressure sensor method. The relationship between the electroosmotic pressure coefficient and the excitation frequency, mineralization, permeability, and porosity is analyzed and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Respiratory diseases, including the cronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among the leading causes of death worldwide. To date, there is no physical examination procedure that can quantify important parameters within a specific lesion area inside the lung. In this study, we propose a novel sensor probe system consisting of a basket forceps and 2 pressure sensors to simultaneously measure the expiratory airflow and the static pressure inside the pulmonary airway. A Pitot tube mechanism using 2 pressure sensors is introduced in the system for measuring both the physical quantities. Small fiber‐optic pressure sensors with 0.3 mm diameter were utilized, and both the airflow rate and the static pressure characteristics were evaluated for obtaining the calibration curves. Finally, the proposed sensor system was implemented to measure both the airflow and pressure in an artificial ventilator and an experimental animal. The measurement of expired airflow and static pressure inside the airway of a rat with the diameter of 1.8 mm were demonstrated. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Germanium sulfide (GeS) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using hydrothermal method. The chemical composition was determined through energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, while scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were employed to study the morphology. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the cubic structure of the GeS NPs. The crystallite size and lattice strain of cubic GeS NPs were found to be 29.65 nm and 1.24 × 10 - 3 respectively using Debye-Scherrer method. The energy levels of Ge and S were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the binding states and chemical composition. Thermo-gravimetric analysis was performed to calculate the kinetic parameters for thermal stability. Zeta potential of GeS NPs was - 22.4 mV indicating the prevention from aggregation. The optical band gap of the nanoparticles was measured to be 1.66 eV. Their photo-catalytic activity was evaluated at different powder concentrations, and the relevant parameters were estimated using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model. The rate constant 'kf' was obtained to be 0.0018 min - 1 , 0.0020 min - 1 , 0.0035 min - 1 for powder concentration of 1 g/L, 2 g/L and 3 g/L, respectively. Additionally, the potential applications of GeS NPs as pressure sensors and infrared sensors were comprehensively investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearable multi‐functional sensor with practical features is crucial for applications in many areas such as e‐skin, health monitoring, and human‐computer interaction. Herein, an all‐nanofiber flexible breathable iontronic sensor based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membrane doped with ionic liquid (IL) is prepared by electrospinning technique. Compared to the traditional capacitor's electrode‐dielectric‐electrode sandwich structure, an undoped PAN nanofiber membrane is added between the electrode and the dielectric layer as the spacer. The iontronic sensor demonstrated an impressive linear response in pressure ranges of 0–50 and 50–300 kPa, with linearity values of R12 = 0.992, R22 = 0.998 by adjusting the thickness of the spacer. Additionally, the iontronic sensor demonstrates excellent temperature response attributed to the thermal sensitivity of the IL. It exhibits high sensitivities of 8.5, 31.8, and 71.1% °C−1, along with low detection limits of 0.5°C, across temperature ranges of 20–40, 40–55, and 55–80 °C, respectively. To validate the sensor for practical applications, its uses are demonstrated in various scenarios, such as body joint flexion, heartbeat monitoring, encrypted messaging, and temperature‐sensitive gloves. This study enables the integration of pressure and temperature sensing functions to develop diverse and integrated designs for wearable electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of varying Mn and Ni concentrations on the structure and piezoresistive properties of CuMnNi films deposited by magnetron sputtering with a segmented target were investigated. An increase in the Ni content refines the CuNi film grains, inducing an increase in defects such as internal micropores and a decrease in film density. At the same time, the positive piezoresistive coefficient of the film changes to negative. When 17.5 at.% Ni was added, the negative piezoresistive coefficient of the CuNi film was −2.0 × 10−4 GPa−1. The doping of Ni has a weakening effect on the positive piezoresistive effect of the film. Adding Mn into Cu refines the film grains while increasing the film density. The surface roughness of the film decreases with the increase in Mn content. When the Mn content was 16.7 at.%, the piezoresistive coefficient reached the largest recorded value of 23.81 × 10−4 GPa−1, and the film exhibited excellent repeatability in multiple piezoresistive tests. After the CuMn film with 16.7 at.% Mn was annealed at 400 °C for 2 h, the film grains grew slightly and the film residual stress decreased. The optimization of the film structure can reduce the scattering of electrons during transportation. The piezoresistive coefficient of the film was further improved to 35.78 × 10−4 GPa−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the design, fabrication and characterization of a nanocomposite-polymer (piezoresistive) based pressure sensor for low-pressure measurement. The developed piezoresistive pressure sensor consists of a PDMS diaphragm and piezoresistor sensing element. The sensing element is made of PDMS/Graphite composite, which works as a piezoresistor active element. The ultrasonic mixing followed by degasification, spin coating and curing is used to fabricate the PDMS diaphragm and PDPM/Graphite piezoresistive composite. The characterization of the pure PDMS and PDMS/Graphite composite with different graphite filler concentrations is done before assembling them to fabricate the pressure-sensing device. The PDPM/Graphite composite shows a higher elastic modulus compared to the pure PDMS and the electrical conductivity of the composite also increases with the increment of the graphite filler in it. After the characterization of the constituents of the pressure sensing device, the device is characterized for low-pressure sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Micronanoelectronic Technology is the property of Micronanoelectronic Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tactile sensing in the human body is achieved via the skin. This has inspired the fabrication of synthetic skins with pressure sensors for potential applications in robotics, bio‐medicine, and human–machine interfaces. Tactile sensors based on magnetic elements are promising as they provide high sensitivity and a wide dynamic range. However, current magnetic tactile sensors mostly detect pressures of solid objects and operate at relatively high forces about 100 mN. Herein, these limitations are addressed by manufacturing soft, stretchable, and hair‐like structures that are permanently magnetized to achieve high‐resolution, cost‐effective, and high‐resolution pressure sensing. Combining these hair‐like structures with advances in 3D magnetic‐field measurements allows us to monitor directional tactile pressures without solid contact. To prove the concept of this technology, a bio‐inspired soft device is built with a hairy structure that senses and reports environmental mechanical stresses, similar to that of human skin. Simple self‐assembly of the soft magnetic hair structure makes our approach easy to scale for large‐area applications.

In order to solve the problems of low reliability and poor prediction accuracy in traditional building structure settlement monitoring, the author proposes a monitoring and analysis of high-rise building settlement deformation status based on nonlinear regression. The author collected and wirelessly transmitted building settlement information through various hardware devices such as sensors and GPRS communication modules. The monitoring data collected by sensors were compared and analyzed to determine the settlement situation of the building. An RBF neural network prediction model was constructed for possible settlement points. Then, the leapfrog algorithm is used to optimize the structural parameters of the RBF neural network. The experimental results show that this method can accurately evaluate the possible settlement of building structures in actual environments, and the prediction error is small, with a maximum relative error of 4.83 %, indicating good warning ability. This method achieved the best actual value fitting curve results, verifying its feasibility in settlement prediction. Subsequently, a more widely applicable settlement detection and prediction system for building complex structures will be established based on the proposed method, in order to promote its large-scale application.

Abstract This study delves into the development of a novel 10 by 10 sensor array featuring 100 pressure sensor pixels, achieving remarkable sensitivity up to 888.79 kPa−1, through the innovative design of sensor structure. The critical challenge of strain sensitivity inherent is addressed in stretchable piezoresistive pressure sensors, a domain that has seen significant interest due to their potential for practical applications. This approach involves synthesizing and electrospinning polybutadiene‐urethane (PBU), a reversible cross‐linking polymer, subsequently coated with MXene nanosheets to create a conductive fabric. This fabrication technique strategically enhances sensor sensitivity by minimizing initial current values and incorporating semi‐cylindrical electrodes with Ag nanowires (AgNWs) selectively coated for optimal conductivity. The application of a pre‐strain method to electrode construction ensures strain immunity, preserving the sensor's electrical properties under expansion. The sensor array demonstrated remarkable sensitivity by consistently detecting even subtle airflow from an air gun in a wind sensing test, while a novel deep learning methodology significantly enhanced the long‐term sensing accuracy of polymer‐based stretchable mechanical sensors, marking a major advancement in sensor technology. This research presents a significant step forward in enhancing the reliability and performance of stretchable piezoresistive pressure sensors, offering a comprehensive solution to their current limitations.

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigated specific components and intra-seasonal dynamic processes that play pivotal roles in the East Antarctica’s central Dronning Maud Land (cDML) region. The present study focuses on harnessing the potential of a multispectral sensor-based Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for cryosphere studies over the polar ice sheet in cDML (Schirmacher Oasis) region of East Antarctica, conducted as part of the 42nd and 43rd Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica (ISEA), under the aegis of National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, during austral summer period from 2022 to 2023. The surveyed area (~100 acres) encompasses a segment of the ice sheet frontal edge outer margin, situated near the Maitri Indian research base at Schirmacheroasen, and includes a melt pond/supraglacial lake. The results indicate that the ice sheet frontal edge segment experienced a decrease in elevation of 0.25 meters with a total mass reduction of 13.6 kilotons during one-week period. The supraglacial lake accumulated meltwater with an average depth ranging from 0.25 to 1.6 meters, covering an area spanning from 9.1 × 103 square meters to 24.7 × 103 square meters. The ultra-high resolution multispectral UAV data also revealed dynamic changes in various cryo-facies classes, including water bodies/meltwater, frozen meltwater, dry and wet snow, debris/bare ice, and bedrock during the study period over the study area. This study represents a pioneering effort in assessing the region near the Maitri research base in both spatial and temporal scales. It also marks the first application of UAV surveying techniques with the integration of in-situ data from the Pressure Sensor Assembly (PSA) to examine and understand its complex intra-seasonal dynamics and characteristics. The research team is the first Indian group to employ UAVs for scientific research in the Antarctic region, which is a notable advancement in Indian scientific exploration and contributes to the expanding knowledge of the Antarctic region.

Infant breastfeeding diagnostics remain subjective due to the absence of instrumentation to objectively measure and understand infant oral motor skills and suckling characteristics. Qualitative diagnostic exams, such as the digital suck assessment which relies upon a clinician's gloved finger inserted into the infant's mouth, produce a diversity of diagnoses and intervention pathways due to their subjective nature. In this paper, we report on the design of a non-nutritive suckling (NNS) system which quantifies and analyzes quantitative intraoral vacuum and sucking patterns of full-term neonates in real time. In our study, we evaluate thirty neonate suckling profiles to demonstrate the technical and clinical feasibility of the system. We successfully extract the mean suck vacuum, maximum suck vacuum, frequency, burst duration, number of sucks per burst, number of sucks per minute, and number of bursts per minute. In addition, we highlight the discovery of three intraoral vacuum profile shapes that are found to be correlated to different levels of suckling characteristics. These results establish a framework for future studies to evaluate oromotor dysfunction that affect the appearance of these signals based on established normal profiles. Ultimately, with the ability to easily and quickly capture intraoral vacuum data, clinicians can more accurately perform suckling assessments to provide timely intervention and assist mothers and infants towards successful breastfeeding outcomes.

Flexible wearable electronic skin (e-skin) has great potential in health monitoring, human–computer interaction, and other fields. However, traditional devices are often unable to maintain high sensitivity while achieving a wide detection range. In this work, inspired by biomimicry, we proposed a design based on mimosa flowers and developed a composite pressure sensing device (reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/NiMoO4@CMF). The strain layer of the sensor undergoes hydrothermal growth, allowing nickel molybdate (NiMoO4) to grow in situ on the surface of the carbon melamine foam (CMF). This enhances the substrate morphology, and rGO is then applied to increase the electrical conductivity. The devices prepared by this method have sensitivities of 19.3, 12.5, and 8.1 kPa–1 in the ranges of 0–12, 12–29, and 29–40 kPa, respectively. In addition, the sensor demonstrates a low detection limit (10 Pa), a fast response (160 ms), and a cycle retention rate of 86% after 5000 cycles. Based on these characteristics, the flexible sensor can detect strong human body movements in real time, such as finger bending, elbow movement, and knee bending. The study shows that this pressure sensor has broad application prospects in health monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a reversible pressure‐sensing material with high sensitivity is presented. Mixed β‐diketonate complexes of Tb3+ and Eu3+ [(Ln)(acac)3phen] are synthesized with phenanthroline as an ancillary ligand. The organic ligands provide the antenna effect to make the Ln3+ complex excitable at 405 nm. Eu3+ emission results from efficient energy transfer (ET) from Tb3+. Under 405 nm excitation, the emission intensity of Tb3+ decreases whereas the emission intensity of Eu3+ increases with pressure, making this complex a potential pressure sensor based on luminescent‐intensity‐ratio (LIR) up to 700 MPa. This study then discusses the application of this Tb3+/Eu3+ complex for pressure sensing depending on measurement conditions. The addition of the optically neutral ion Y3+ to the system can reduce the impact of pressure‐induced structural defects on the emission, thus improving the reversibility of the LIR variation as a function of pressure. Therefore, a self‐calibrating, reliable, and reversible pressure‐sensing material is proposed here, with remarkable pressure sensitivity compared to a peak shift‐based pressure sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible pressure sensors have attracted intensive interest for promising applications in healthcare monitoring and flexible electronic devices. Nonetheless, designing flexible pressure sensors to achieve both ultrahigh sensitivity (>1000 kPa−1) and an extensive linear range (>50 kPa) poses a significant challenge. In this study, a facile magnetic‐facilitated self‐assembly parallel circuit strategy to prepare high‐performance flexible pressure sensors in Nickel particles/polydimethylsiloxane (Ni/PDMS) matrices is proposed. The optimized magnetic‐induced Ni/PDMS piezoresistive sensor (MANPS) exhibits an ultrahigh sensitivity of 3707 kPa−1 over a wide broad linear range (0–80 kPa), and excellent durability with the capability of withstanding 2000 pressure cycles. The MANPS is able to detect a broad range of pressures from pulse to plantar pressures (≈60 kPa), demonstrating great potential for whole‐body healthcare monitoring. Additionally, the sensor is further assembled into an array configuration (2 × 5 pixels) for the assessment of plantar pressure distribution. Importantly, the sensitivity and linear range of the MANPS can be readily adjusted by modifying the mixing ratio of the curing agent, thereby significantly broadening its potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dramatic changes the world and the expectations of potential users have pushed researchers working in flexible foam pressure sensor (FFPS) fabrication to develop more affordable and high-performance materials. Among various materials, polymer foamed-based nanocomposites are a preferred choice due to their excellent mechanical properties, good chemical properties, and easy control. Moreover, the use of nanofillers such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon black (CB), and graphene in the polymer matrix has greatly improved the properties of the sensors. Therefore, this review focuses on the recent advances in FFPS by using different types of nanofillers in shape and structure. Accordingly, developments in the fabrication of FFPS, including dip coating, spray coating, sputtering, and in situ polymerization are also discussed. Special attention has been paid to identifying the underlying mechanism to maximize pressure sensing and improve the performance of FFPS. Suggestions for future developments in the area of sensing devices applied in health monitoring are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sensor response of pressure-sensitive conductive elastomers using polymeric materials can be adjusted by altering the type and quantity of fillers used during manufacturing. Another method involves modifying the surface shape of the elastomer. This study investigates the sensor response by altering the surface shape of an electrode using a readily available pressure-sensitive conductive elastomer. By employing an oxygen-free copper electrode with a flat surface (with surface roughness parameters Ra = 0.064 μm and Rz = 0.564 μm) as a baseline, we examined the sensor system's characteristics. Electrodes were fabricated with triangular wave concavo-convex surfaces, featuring tip angles of 60, 90, and 120°. Improved sensor responses were observed with electrodes having tip angles of 60 and 90°. Additionally, even with varying conductive properties of elastomers, the conductance of the elastomer sensor increased similarly when using an electrode with a 90° tip angle. This study demonstrates the potential for expanding the applications of conductive elastomer sensors, highlighting the noteworthy improvement in sensor response and performance achieved by altering the surface shape of electrodes used with commercially available conductive elastomers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we introduce a highly sensitive pressure sensor utilizing a polymer-based photonic crystal (PC) slab. When pressure is applied, changes in the shape of air holes and the refractive index cause shifts in the sensor's resonance wavelengths. We systematically optimize the structure by exploring various radii, enabling the selection of an optimal configuration for the photonic waveguide. Through simulations of the optimized design, we analyze its behavior in response to changing pressure on the sensitive surface. Employing finite-difference time-domain and plane wave expansion methods, we investigate the optical characteristics of the sensor. Our numerical findings demonstrate that the optimized sensor exhibits exceptional quality factor, transmission, and sensitivity values of 29,363, 0.98, and 0.021 µm/GPa, respectively. These results surpass those reported in previous studies involving PC-based structures, highlighting the significant advancement achieved in our approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural-drying graphene aerogel (GA) with hierarchical porous framework architecture has been prepared, providing excellent mechanical and electrochemical properties. When used as electrode material for supercapacitors, GA achieves excellent capacitance of 240 F g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1. Also, GA can provide a high energy density of 21.0 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 79 W kg−1. In addition, an iontronic capacitive pressure sensing based on PVA-H2SO4//graphene aerogel//PVA-H2SO4 sandwich structure has been developed. The iontronic capacitive sensor exhibits high capacitive response, outstanding sensitivity (0.54 kPa−1), fast response time (120 ms), and remarkable cyclic stability (1000 cycles). Additionally, the theoretical analysis based on pressure sensing and energy storage indicates that compressive strain and initial energy density are closely related to sensitivity, while the simulation illustrates that compressive strain and initial energy density exhibit a positive influence on achieving high sensitivity. In application, the multifunctional device demonstrates high potential in wearable energy storage and sensor electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Micronanoelectronic Technology is the property of Micronanoelectronic Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)