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На участке изготовления элементов колёсных пар важную роль играет неразрушающий контроль, процесс которого в настоящее время имеет низкую производительность, поскольку осуществляется в ручном режиме. Поэтому необходимо совершенствовать систему ультразвукового контроля на предприятии. В работе проведен сравнительный анализ установок для ультразвукового контроля детали «Ось», обоснован выбор установки САУЗК «ОСЬ-4» и рассмотрены особенности контроля на данной установке. On the site of production of elements of wheel couples an important role is played by nondestructive control which process has now the low productivity as it is carried out in the manual mode. The refore it is necessary to improve the system of ultrasonic examination at the enterprise. In work the comparative analysis of installations for ultrasonic examination of a detail “Axis” is carried out, the choice of the OS-4 SAUZK installation is reasonable and features of control on this installation are considered.

Ultrazvučno ispitivanje uključuje funkcionalno zavisne elemente - ultrazvučni uređaj, ultrazvučne sonde i radne etalone. O odabiru elemenata i njihovih značajki ovise radne karakteristike ultrazvučnog sustava. U primjeni su česti radni etaloni br. 1 i br. 2 čije su dimenzionalne značajke propisane normama EN ISO 2400:2012 i EN ISO 7963:2010, kao i stepeničasti radni etalon čije su dimenzionalne značajke propisane normom ISO/DIS 16946:2012. U radu su izdvojene kritične dimenzije na radnim etalonima br. 1 i br. 2 stepeničastom etalonu koje je potrebno pouzdano izmjeriti kako bi se ostvarila njihova namjena - podešavanje vrijednosti parametara brzine ultrazvuka ultrazvučnog uređaja u cilju ostvarivanja pouzdanih rezultati ispitivanja. Mjerenja kritičnih dimenzija na radnim etalonima provedena su u Laboratoriju za precizna mjerenja dužina. Ultrasonic examination includes functional dependent elements - ultrasonic device, ultrasound and calibration block. The working characteristic of the ultrasound system depend on the choice of elements and their features. Most often are used calibration block no.1, calibration block no. 2 and step wedge calibration block whose dimensional features are described by EN ISO 2400: 2012, EN ISO 7963: 2010 and ISO / DIS 16946: 2012. In this paper critical dimensions on calibration blocks no.1, no. 2 and step wedge calibration block are presented that need to be reliably measured in order to achieve their purpose - setting the speed parameter of the ultrasound in order to achieve reliable test results. Measurement of critical dimensions on calibration blocks were performed in the Laboratory for Precise Measurement of Length.

A peculiarity of the congenital syphilis of recent years is an increase of the number of cases of latent forms of the disease, marked with osteopathy. With the help of an examination of 50 children with early congenital syphilis, the following ultrasonic signs of a musculoskeletal system lesion were revealed: osteochondritis 90%, osteosclerosis 80%, and periostitis 30%. The comparison of the nature of a musculoskeletal system lesion with serological data of the specific process activity showed that complex manifestations of lesions with periostitis being a component were of the greatest clinical significance.

乳癌に対する乳房温存療法の頻度の増加に伴い,残存乳房内への癌遺残リスクも上昇している."切除断端陽性"は,乳房温存手術後の最も重要な再発リスク因子であるため,これを回避するための術前診断が極めて重要となる.今回われわれは,最近2年間に当科で手術を施行した原発性乳癌症例300例のうち,腫瘍径3cm以下の189例(63.0%)を対象として,乳房温存手術における超音波検査を用いた乳腺切除範囲診断の意義について検討した.術前の超音波検査で,乳房温存手術の適応ありと診断した症例は189例中124例(65.6%)であり,このうち乳房温存を希望しない症例および高度のリンパ節転移を認めた20例を除く104例(189例中55.0%)に乳房温存手術を施行した.この結果,断端陽性率は104例中6例,5.8%と非常に低く,極めて良好な成績が得られた.断端陽性例のうち2例は微細石灰化を伴う非触知の非浸潤性乳管癌であり,2例は浸潤性小葉癌であった.一方,術前超音波検査で,乳頭近傍(1cm以内)への癌の広がり,あるいは多発癌を認め乳房切除術の適応であると診断された症例は189例中65例(34.4%)であり,このうち64例,98.4%で病理組織学的診断との一致が得られた.超音波検査は,乳房温存手術における適切な乳腺切除範囲の診断に極めて有用である.限界はあるものの,癌遺残を回避し局所再発リスクを軽減する上で必須の検査法であり,今後,新たな装置の開発と診断技術の向上に伴い一層重要な役割を担うものと期待される., "Surgical margin (SM) positive" is the most significant recurrence risk factor in breast conserving surgery, which makes accurate preoperative diagnosis quintessential to avoid this risk. The objective of the present study was to examine the significance of ultrasonic (US) diagnosis for the decision of the appropriate extent of resection in breast conserving surgery. Of the 300 cases of primary breast cancers for which surgery was performed in our department for the past two years, 189 cases (63%) were for tumors 3 cm or less in diameter. In the preoperative US examination of 189 cases, 124 cases were (65.6%) diagnosed as indicating breast conserving surgery, and breast conserving surgery was performed on 104 cases of those 189 cases (55%), excluding 16 cases of patients who did not want breast conserving and the 4 cases of advanced lymph node metastasis. As a result, the SM-positive ratio was low (6 of 104 cases, 5.8%), an outstanding result. US examinations are useful for determining the appropriate extent of resection in breast conserving surgery, and although there are limitations, a US examination is necessary to avoid leaving cancer cells and to reduce the risk of local recurrence.

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte In general, the designs of equipment takes into account the effects and processes of deterioration it will undergo and arrives at an approximate useful life. However, changes in operational processes and parameters, the action of external agents, the kind of maintenance conducted, the means of monitoring, and natural and accidental occurrences completely modify the desired performance of the equipment. The discontinuities that occur in anisotropic materials often and due to different factors evolve from being subcritical to critical acquiring the status of defect and compromising the physical integrity of the equipment. Increasingly sophisticated technological means of detection, monitoring and assessment of these discontinuities are required to respond ever more rapidly to the requirements of industry. This paper therefore presents a VPS (Virtual Pipe System) computational tool which uses the results of ultrasonic tests on equipment, plotting the discontinuities found in models created in the CAD and CAE systems, and then simulates the behavior of these defects in the structure to give an instantaneous view of the final behavior. This paper also presents an alternative method of conventional ultrasonic testing which correlates the integrity of an overlay (carbon steel and stainless steel attached by welding) and the reflection of ultrasonic waves coming from the interface between the two metals, thus making it possible to identify cracks in the casing and a shift of the overlay Os projetos de equipamentos em geral já contemplam os esforços e os mecanismos de de processo e de parâmetros operacionais, ação de agentes externos, espécie de manutenção aplicada, forma de acompanhamento, ocorrências naturais e acidentes modificam completamente deterioração a que estes estão submetidos, prevendo aproximadamente sua vida útil, porém, mudanças o comportamento esperado dos equipamentos. As descontinuidades em materiais anisotrópicos muitas vezes e, por diversos fatores, evoluem da condição de subcríticas para críticas assumindo o status de defeito e comprometendo a integridade física do equipamento. Meios de detecção, monitoração e avaliação dessas descontinuidades, cada vez mais tecnológicos, são requeridos para responderem de forma mais eficaz à exigência da indústria. Assim, este trabalho apresenta uma ferramenta computacional VPS (Virtual Pipe System) que utiliza o resultado de ensaios de ultrassom em equipamentos plotando essas descontinuidades encontradas em modelos criados em sistemas CAD e CAE e, ainda, simula o comportamento desses defeitos na estrutura possibilitando a visualização instantânea do comportamento final. Apresenta-se ainda neste trabalho um método alternativo de ensaio ultrassônico convencional que correlaciona a integridade de um overlay (aço carbono e aço inoxidável depositado por solda) com as reflexões de ondas de ultra-som provindas da interface entre os dois metais, possibilitando a identificação de trincas no revestimento e de descolamento do overlay

The aim of this research was to establish the importance and accuracy of the ultrasonic examination of donor and recipient goats submitted to superovulation procedures. For this reason, 17 donor goats were systematically examined by ultrasound: 1) to count the preovulatory follicles (≥ 5mm) at oestrus onset ; 2) to confirm the ovulation(s) and 3) the accuracy of the ultrasound examination was measured comparing previously findings with number of corpora lutea (CL) present when uterine flushing was performed. On the other hand, 14 recipient goat ovaries were monitored by ultrasound to assess: 1) the number of dominant follicles (≥ 5mm) present during oestrus ; 2) the ovulation and 3) the echogenic quality of CL before embryotransfer. To perform the ultrasound examination the animals were placed in dorsal recumbence and 7, 5MHz ultrasound probe was applied rectally. To predict the ovulation rate the number of large follicles (≥ 5mm) was counted by ultrasound on donor goat ovaries at the beginning of oestrus. Unovulated follicles (48h after oestrus start) were omitted. The ultrasound accuracy, measured comparing the number of ovulated follicles with number of corpora lutea counted when laparotomic flushing was performed, was 47, 5%. The ovulatory rate prediction is more accurately (72.1%) when donor goat responded with lower total number of follicles (10 or less). The response of 9 out of 14 (64%) recipient goats, after standard hormonal protocol was applied, were adequate, what means maximum 2 dominant follicles, timely occurred ovulation and good echogenic quality of respective CL. The ultrasonic examination of donor and recipient goats is appreciable tool to follow up follicular dynamics, success of superovulation procedures, confirmation of ovulation and echogenic CL quality, as well as to predict the ovulatory rate. In this way the ultrasound examinations of the ovaries could save the time and the money due to elimination of animals who did not respond to the treatment before the collection or transfer of embryos start.

The aim of this research was to establish the importance and accuracy of the ultrasonic examination of donor goats submitted to superovulation procedures. For this reason 9 goats were systematically examined by ultrasound: 1) to monitor development of the follicles on the ovaries after hormonal treatement started ; 2) to confirm the ovulation(s) and 3) to assess the quality of the corpus/ora luteum/ea (CL) on the respective ovaries. To perform the ultrasonic examination the animals were placed in dorsal recumbency and 7, 5MHz ultrasound probe was placed into the rectum. The accuracy of the ultrasound exams was measured by comparing the number of follicles counted on ovaries with number of corpora lutea presented after laparatomy was done to accomplish the lavage of uterus and collection of the 7 days old embryos. The absence of follicle(s) on ovaries after ovulation was expected and does mated was considered as a sign of occured ovulation. The rate of follicles found on the ovaries by ultrasound / number of corpora lutea counted when the uterus was rinsed was 57, 86%. If there were less then 10 follicles per ovary the results were even better. The ultrasonic exams of donor goats is appreciable tool by which follicular dynamics can be followed and the success of superovulation procedure predicted and measured.