882 results on '"Petiteau, A"'
Search Results
852. Dictionnaire historique de Sainte-Hélène.
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PETITEAU, Natalie
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NONFICTION ,HISTORY - Published
- 2017
853. POSB105 Budget Impact Analysis of Introduction of Subcutaneous Infliximab in France from a Payer Perspective.
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Pradie, M, Hadjadj, C, and Petiteau Moreau, F
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INFLIXIMAB - Published
- 2022
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854. Probing the nature of black holes: Deep in the mHz gravitational-wave sky.
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Baibhav, Vishal, Barack, Leor, Berti, Emanuele, Bonga, Béatrice, Brito, Richard, Cardoso, Vitor, Compère, Geoffrey, Das, Saurya, Doneva, Daniela, Garcia-Bellido, Juan, Heisenberg, Lavinia, Hughes, Scott A., Isi, Maximiliano, Jani, Karan, Kavanagh, Chris, Lukes-Gerakopoulos, Georgios, Mueller, Guido, Pani, Paolo, Petiteau, Antoine, and Rajendran, Surjeet
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GENERAL relativity (Physics) , *GRAVITATIONAL waves , *DARK energy , *DARK matter , *GRAVITATIONAL energy , *QUANTUM gravity , *BLACK holes , *ELECTROMAGNETIC radiation - Abstract
Black holes are unique among astrophysical sources: they are the simplest macroscopic objects in the Universe, and they are extraordinary in terms of their ability to convert energy into electromagnetic and gravitational radiation. Our capacity to probe their nature is limited by the sensitivity of our detectors. The LIGO/Virgo interferometers are the gravitational-wave equivalent of Galileo's telescope. The first few detections represent the beginning of a long journey of exploration. At the current pace of technological progress, it is reasonable to expect that the gravitational-wave detectors available in the 2035-2050s will be formidable tools to explore these fascinating objects in the cosmos, and space-based detectors with peak sensitivities in the mHz band represent one class of such tools. These detectors have a staggering discovery potential, and they will address fundamental open questions in physics and astronomy. Are astrophysical black holes adequately described by general relativity? Do we have empirical evidence for event horizons? Can black holes provide a glimpse into quantum gravity, or reveal a classical breakdown of Einstein's gravity? How and when did black holes form, and how do they grow? Are there new long-range interactions or fields in our Universe, potentially related to dark matter and dark energy or a more fundamental description of gravitation? Precision tests of black hole spacetimes with mHz-band gravitational-wave detectors will probe general relativity and fundamental physics in previously inaccessible regimes, and allow us to address some of these fundamental issues in our current understanding of nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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855. Mental health capacity building in Mali by training rural general practitioners and raising community awareness.
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Poudiougou, Oumar, Bruand, Pierre-Emile, Mounkoro, Pakuy Pierre, Gaglione, Jean-Michel, Nimaga, Karamoko, Sy, Mansour, Vincent, Clotilde, Calas, François, Fall-Ndao, Amy, Petiteau, Lucie, Hanssen, Nicole, Dossa, Djamirou, Boumédiène, Farid, Preux, Pierre-Marie, and Togora, Arouna
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MENTAL health services , *GENERAL practitioners , *MENTAL health , *MEDICAL care , *HEALTH literacy - Abstract
Introduction: despite the high prevalence and significant burden of mental disorders, they remain grossly under-diagnosed and undertreated. In low-income countries, such as Mali, integrating mental health services into primary care is the most viable way of closing the treatment gap. This program aimed to provide a mental health training intervention to rural general practitioners (GPs), to organize community awareness activities, and to evaluate the impact on mental health knowledge and through the number of new patients diagnosed with mental disorders and managed by these general practitioners. Methods: a pre-test/posttest design and the monthly monitoring of the number of new patients diagnosed with mental disorders by the trained GPs were used to evaluate the effect of the training interventions (two face-to-face group training workshops followed by individual follow-up supervisions) and of the community awareness activities. Results: the mean knowledge score of the 19 GPs who completed the initial 12-day group training raised from 24.6/100 at baseline, to 61.5/100 after training (p<0.001), a 150% increase. Among them, sixteen completed the second 6-day group training with a mean score increasing from 50.2/100 to 70.1/100 (p<0.001), a 39.6% improvement. Between July 2018 and June 2020, 2,396 new patients were diagnosed with a mental disorder by the 19 GPs who took part in the program. Conclusion: despite limited data regarding the effect of the community awareness component at this stage, the findings from this study suggest that the training intervention improved GPs' knowledge and skills, resulting in a significant number of new patients being identified and managed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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856. P42 Budget Impact Analysis of Eculizumab Biosimilar for Treatment of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria from Public Hospital Perspective in 2023.
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Robin, P., De Coucy, A., Hadjadj, C., and Moreau F, Petiteau.
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- 2024
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857. Effect of filters on the time-delay interferometry residual laser noise for LISA.
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Bayle, Jean-Baptiste, Lilley, Marc, Petiteau, Antoine, and Halloin, Hubert
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LASER interferometry , *NOISE , *LASER interferometers , *GRAVITATIONAL waves , *FILTERS & filtration , *INTERFEROMETRY - Abstract
The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a European Space Agency mission that aims to measure gravitational waves in the millihertz range. Laser frequency noise enters the interferometric measurements and dominates the expected gravitational signals by many orders of magnitude. Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is a technique that reduces this laser noise by synthesizing virtual equal-arm interferometric measurements. Laboratory experiments and numerical simulations have confirmed that this reduction is sufficient to meet the scientific goals of the mission in proof-of-concept setups. In this paper, we show that the on-board antialiasing filters play an important role in TDI's performance when the flexing of the constellation is accounted for. This coupling was neglected in previous studies. To reach an optimal reduction level, filters with vanishing group delays must be used on board or synthesized off-line. We propose a theoretical model of the residual laser noise including this flexing-filtering coupling. We also use two independent simulators to produce realistic measurement signals and compute the corresponding TDI Michelson variables. We show that our theoretical model agrees with the simulated data with exquisite precision. Using these two complementary approaches, we confirm TDI's ability to reduce laser frequency noise in a more realistic mission setup. The theoretical model provides insight on filter design and implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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858. Science with the space-based interferometer eLISA. III: probing the expansion of the universe using gravitational wave standard sirens
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Petiteau, Antoine [APC, Université Paris Diderot, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13 (France)]
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- 2016
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859. Marshal Marmont, a military route in the shadow of Napoleon Bonaparte : from friendship to treason ?
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Kadaoui, Nordine, Laboratoire Culture et Communication (LCC), Avignon Université (AU), Université d'Avignon, and Natalie Petiteau
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Amitié ,Exile ,Friendship ,Betrayal ,Marmont ,Trahison ,Exil ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History - Abstract
Auguste-Frédéric-Louis Viesse de Marmont (1774-1852) is the most famous figure in a military family whose genealogy and fame date back to the 16th century. Son of an officer of small nobility, he became acquainted very early with the young Bonaparte and fought with him at Toulon in 1793. Since then, bonds of friendship have been forged between the two comrades in arms. No academic biography has been made of this character whose background is rich and varied and whose memoirs constitute an essential testimony of the history of the First Empire. Marmont had a dazzling career and quickly climbed the ranks of the army. Together with his friend, he campaigned in Egypt, the two campaigns of Italy until becoming Governor General of the Illyrian Provinces from 1809 to 1811 and in this capacity participated in the modernization of this territory. His career continued until 1830, when he was charged with enforcing the July ordinances, a mission to which he failed and which brought his career to an end. But his name remains mainly attached to the act of treason of April 5, 1814, which marked a turning point in the history of the First Empire. Since then, the figure of the traitor has travelled through the 19th century. In this study, the question of Bonaparte’s political ascension will therefore be questioned as to whether it induces that of his comrades in arms. Thus, by evoking the question of networks, biographical study makes it possible to ask the question of the nature of the relations that may exist between men of power and men of arms. The main objective of this work is therefore the following: it is a question of knowing, in a crossed dynamic, how this friendship emerges, how it has evolved since 1792 and how this military morality links the two soldiers. In this way, we will be able to update the marshal’s biography; this will allow in this research to finally elucidate the question of the betrayal attributed to Marmont.; Auguste-Frédéric-Louis Viesse de Marmont (1774-1852) est le personnage le plus illustre d’une famille de militaires dont la généalogie et la notoriété remontent au XVIe siècle. Fils d’un officier de petite noblesse, il se lie très tôt avec le jeune Bonaparte et combat avec lui à Toulon en 1793. Depuis, des liens d’amitié se tissent entre les deux compagnons d’armes. Aucune biographie académique n’a été réalisée sur ce personnage dont le parcours est riche et varié et dont les Mémoires constituent un témoignage essentiel de l’histoire du Premier Empire.Marmont connaît une carrière fulgurante et gravit rapidement les échelons de l’armée. En compagnie de son ami, il fait la campagne d’Égypte, les deux campagnes d’Italie jusqu’à devenir Gouverneur général des Provinces illyriennes de 1809 à 1811 et à ce titre participe à la modernisation de ce territoire. Sa carrière se poursuivant jusqu’en 1830, il est alors chargé de faire exécuter les ordonnances de Juillet, mission à laquelle il échoue et qui met un terme à sa carrière. Mais son nom demeure principalement attaché à l’acte de trahison du 5 avril 1814 qui marque un tournant dans l’histoire du Premier Empire. Depuis, la figure du traître parcourt le XIXe siècle. Dans cette thèse, la question de l’ascension politique de Bonaparte sera donc interrogée pour savoir si elle induit celle de ses compagnons d’armes. De ce fait, en évoquant la question des réseaux, l’étude biographique permet de se poser la question de la nature des relations qui peuvent exister entre hommes de pouvoir et hommes d’armes. L’objectif principal de ce travail est donc le suivant : il s’agit de savoir, dans une dynamique croisée, comment cette amitié émerge, la façon dont elle évolue depuis 1792 et la manière dont cette morale militaire soude les liens entre les deux soldats. Ainsi, nous pourrons mettre à jour la biographie du maréchal ; ce qui permettra dans cette recherche d’élucider enfin la question de la trahison imputée à Marmont.
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- 2020
860. Napoleon's soldiers in their camp
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Lemaire, Frédéric, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Université Paris sciences et lettres, Michel Reddé, and Natalie Petiteau
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Camps for the infantry ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,Camp de Boulogne ,Military camps ,Barracks ,Testimonies ,Baraques ,Condition du soldat ,Camps d'infanterie ,Camps militaires ,Soldier's condition ,Témoignages - Abstract
Amidst the main camps of the “Camp de Boulogne”, the one from Montreuil-sur-Mer gathered the three divisions of the left corps commanded by Marshal Ney; in total, eleven infantry regiments. The extent of these camps is surprising, as well as their elongated shape and their regularity. A precise principle rules their organisation: the order of battle. Thus, in observing the cavities left by these camps, it is the infantry on the battlefield – “the soul of the army” said Napoléon – that we observe. In detail, these camps are complex and only the cross examination of the sources can help refine its comprehension. The fine analysis of the organisation rules allows a better understanding of the soldier’s condition, which is the other stake of these researches. Trying to grasp the condition of the soldier, during the battle or waiting for it, involves understanding the context from which it stems, the battlefield or the camp. What is a camp? What is this “Camp de Boulogne”? These are two questions this dissertation intends to answer. This cross-questioning necessarily implies a reflection on the military organisation and the campaigns preceding the development of the Camp de Boulogne. Capturing the camp, as a system and in its operation, to capture the men occupying it, young conscripts or veterans of the wars of the French Revolution, those are the two main objectives of this work. The soldier and the camp, such are the two lines of force which dominate the dissertation. We also raise the question of the real efficiency of this camp on the preparation of the victorious troops.; Parmi les principaux camps du « camp de Boulogne », celui de Montreuil-sur-Mer regroupait les trois divisions du corps de gauche commandé par le maréchal Ney ; au total, onze régiments d’infanterie. Ces camps étonnent par leur étendue, leur forme étirée et leur régularité. Un principe précis présidait à leur organisation : l’ordre de bataille. Ainsi, en observant les traces en creux de ces camps, c’est l’infanterie sur le champ de bataille – « l’âme de l’armée », disait Napoléon – que nous observons. Dans le détail, les camps sont complexes, et seul le croisement des sources permet d’en affiner la compréhension. Et l’analyse fine des règles d’organisation des camps permet de mieux saisir la condition du soldat qui est l’autre enjeu de ces recherches. Tenter d’appréhender la condition du soldat, au combat ou dans son attente, implique de comprendre le contexte duquel elle ressort, le champ de bataille ou le camp. Qu’est-ce qu’un camp ? Qu’est-ce que ce « camp de Boulogne » ? Ce sont deux questions auxquelles la thèse prétend également répondre. Ce questionnement croisé implique nécessairement une réflexion sur l’organisation militaire et les campagnes qui ont précédé le développement du camp de Boulogne. Appréhender le camp, comme système et dans son fonctionnement, pour appréhender les hommes qui l’occupent, jeunes conscrits ou vétérans des guerres de la Révolution, tels sont les deux objectifs principaux de ce travail. De fait, le soldat et le camp sont les deux lignes de force qui dominent la thèse. La question de l’efficacité réelle de ce camp sur la préparation des troupes victorieuses à Austerlitz est aussi posée.
- Published
- 2020
861. Simulation and Data Analysis for LISA (Instrumental Modeling, Time-Delay Interferometry, Noise-Reduction Performance Study, and Discrimination of Transient Gravitational Signals)
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Bayle, Jean-Baptiste, APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Laboratoire Astroparticules et Cosmologie, Antoine Petiteau, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
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LISA ,noise reduction ,[PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM] ,astronomie gravitationnelle ,simulation ,calibration ,gravitational astronomy ,LISA Pathfinder ,time-delay interferometry ,[PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO] ,TDI ,gravitational wave ,réduction de bruit ,onde gravitationnelle ,interférométrie retardée - Abstract
The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna is a European Space Agency mission that aims to measure gravitational waves in the millihertz range. Three spacecraft are placed in a quasi-equilateral triangular formation whose barycenter trails the Earth on its heliocentric orbit. Laser beams are exchanged to monitor pico-metric variations between the test masses due to gravitational waves. Because various instrumental noise sources couple to the measurements, several data processing techniques are used to reduce them before we can extract gravitational-wave signals.We propose a realistic instrumental model to study these noise-reduction algorithms. We investigate how the main noise sources appear in the measurements and work out their residuals in almost noise-free combinations. To validate these results, we develop a flexible numerical simulation tool that aims to generate realistic measurements: LISANode propa- gates noise time series between the spacecraft and in the optical benches, all the way down to the phasemeters and the on-board computers. It also computes the response to gravitational waves. LISANode is capable of executing the main noise-reduction algorithms, including the computation of Time-Delay Interferometry laser noise-free combinations, as well as clock-calibrated combinations.As we account for instrumental and numerical imperfections, noises do not exactly vanish in the final combinations. In particular, we study the performance hit of the constellation flexing and the on-board data processing on the laser-noise reduction. We model the flexing- filtering coupling and propose a technique to mitigate this effect. Moreover, we derive exact clock-noise calibration expressions. Simulations are used to validate these results and confirm that the dominant sources of noise can be reduced to the required levels.We also investigate machine-learning techniques to discriminate between instrumental glitches and transient gravitational signals. Analytic studies show that both appear differently in noise-free combinations and experiments suggest that some neural networks are capable of distinguishing between them.; Laser Interferometer Space Antenna est une mission de l’Agence Spatiale Européenne visant à mesurer les ondes gravitationnelles dans le domaine millimétrique. Trois satellites en formation triangulaire autour du Soleil s’échangent des faisceaux lasers. Les variations de distances entre masses d’épreuve, dues aux ondes gravitationnelles, sont mesurées au picomètre près. Plusieurs algorithmes de réduction des bruits instrumentaux qui contaminent les mesures sont utilisés avant l’extraction des signaux gravitationnels.Afin d’évaluer la performance de ces algorithmes, nous étudions la manière dont les bruits instrumentaux apparaissent dans les mesures, ainsi que leurs résidus après calibration. Un outil de simulation numérique flexible, destiné à générer les mesures de manière réaliste, permet de valider ces résultats. En effet, LISANode propage les séries temporelles de bruit entre les satellites et sur les bancs optiques, jusqu’aux phasemètres et aux ordinateurs embarqués. Il calcule aussi la réponse aux ondes gravitationnelles. Par ailleurs, LISANode permet de générer les combinaisons Time-Delay Interferometry exemptes de bruit laser, ainsi que la calibration pour les bruits d’horloge.Malheureusement, ces bruits ne disparaissent pas totalement si l’on tient compte des imperfections instrumentales et numériques. Nous étudions en particulier l’impact de la déformation de la constellation, ainsi que du traitement des données en vol. Nous modélisons le couplage déformation-filtrage et proposons une technique permettant de réduire cet effet. En outre, nous proposons une méthode de calibration exacte des bruits d’horloge. Les simulations permettent de valider ces résultats, et confirment la possibilité de réduire les bruits dominants aux niveaux requis.Nous considérons aussi les techniques d’apprentissage automatique pour discriminer les artéfacts instrumentaux et les signaux gravitationnels courts. Une étude analytique montre un couplage différemment dans les mesures, et les premières expériences suggèrent que certains réseaux de neurones peuvent distinguer ces deux types de signaux.
- Published
- 2019
862. Octahedron configuration for a displacement noise-cancelling gravitational wave detector in space.
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Yan Wang, David Keite, Babak, Stanislav, Petiteau, Antoine, Otto, Markus, Barke, Simon, Kawazoe, Fumiko, Khalaidovski, Alexander, Müller, Vitali, Schütze, Daniel, Wittel, Holger, Danzmann, Karsten, and Schutz, Bernard F.
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GRAVITATION , *GRAVITATIONAL wave detectors , *THREE-dimensional imaging in astronomy , *ASTRONOMICAL observations , *TIME delay systems , *INTERFEROMETRY - Abstract
We study for the first time a three-dimensional octahedron constellation for a space-based gravitational wave detector, which we call the octahedral gravitational observatory (OGO). With six spacecraft the constellation is able to remove laser frequency noise and acceleration disturbances from the gravitational wave signal without needing LISA-like drag-free control, thereby simplifying the payloads and placing less stringent demands on the thrusters. We generalize LISA'S time-delay interferometry to displacementnoise free interferometry (DFI) by deriving a set of generators for those combinations of the data streams that cancel laser and acceleration noise. However, the three-dimensional configuration makes orbit selection complicated. So far, only a halo orbit near the Lagrangian point LÍ has been found to be stable enough, and this allows only short arms up to 1400 km. We derive the sensitivity curve of OGO with this arm length, resulting in a peak sensitivity of about 2 X 10-23 Hz- 1/2 near 100 Hz. We compare this version of OGO to the present generation of ground-based detectors and to some future detectors. We also investigate the scientific potentials of such a detector, which include observing gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences, the stochastic background, and pulsars as well as the possibility to test alternative theories of gravity. We find a mediocre performance level for this short arm length detector, between those of initial and advanced ground-based detectors. Thus, actually building a space-based detector of this specific configuration does not seem very efficient. However, when alternative orbits that allow for longer detector arms can be found, a detector with much improved science output could be constructed using the octahedron configuration and DFI solutions demonstrated in this paper. Also, since the sensitivity of a DFI detector is limited mainly by shot noise, we discuss how the overall sensitivity could be improved by using advanced technologies that reduce this particular noise source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
863. Maximien Lamarque : un général en politique (1770-1832)
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Espinosa, Gonzague, Centre Norbert Elias (CNELIAS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Avignon, Natalie Petiteau, and STAR, ABES
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Biographies ,Guerrilla warfare ,Monarchie de Juillet (1830-1848) ,Lamarque Maximien (1770-1832) ,[SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,July Monarchy (1830-1848) ,Contreguérilla ,Napoleonic Wars (1800-1815) ,Restauration (1814-1830) ,Restoration (1814-1830) ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,Guerres napoléoniennes (1800-1815) - Abstract
Immortalized by Victor Hugo in « Les Misérables », General Lamarque is mainly known for his funerals in June 1832, which turned into a republican insurrection,suppressed by Orléanist power. However, his life could not be summarized by this stereotyped image : thanks to unexploited or less exploited archives, the historian’swork permitted to dissociate the myth shaped around his character from historical reality, to get an original portrait of this character from the Landes. Coming originally from the bourgeoisie of the robe, he soon stuck to Revolution ideas which gave him the means to be an actor of events : National Guard, Jacobin, officer in a Volunteers Battalion. Educated and cultured, he also came complete with his physical courage. He never was a part of first circles of power, he was close to the House of Bonaparte which provided his rise. His military career under the Empire is yet only second-rate. It is atthe Europe's periphery he stands out in Guerrilla warfare. Disappointed by theRestoration, he rallied to Napoleon during The Hundred Days, who sent him to theVendée. This posting sustainably compromised him to the eyes of royalist power whichonly saw him as a Bonapartist general. Exiled, he only came back to France in 1818 and decided for a literary career as well as he tried to keep his position in society. Through contact with the liberal opposition, he joined politic in everyday life. This change of career was not obvious though. He only became a Member of Parliament in 1828. Hewas only recognized as a popular hero under July Monarchy., Immortalisé par Victor Hugo dans Les Misérables, le général Lamarque est surtout connu pour ses funérailles qui ont dégénérées en juin 1832, en une insurrection républicaine réprimée par le pouvoir orléaniste. Pourtant, sa vie ne saurait se résumer à cette image d’Épinal : grâce à des archives souvent inédites ou peu exploitées, le travail de l'historien a permis de dissocier le mythe, qui s'est construit autour du personnage, de la réalité historique pour dresser un portrait inédit de ce Landais engagé dans les affaires de son temps. Issu de la bourgeoisie de robe, il adhère rapidement aux idées d'une Révolution qui lui donne les moyens d'être un acteur des événements : garde national,Jacobin, officier dans un bataillon de volontaires. Instruit et cultivé, il est également pourvu d'un grand courage physique. Sans jamais appartenir aux premiers cercles du pouvoir, il est proche des membres de la famille Bonaparte qui assurent son ascension.Sa carrière militaire sous l'Empire n'est toutefois que de second ordre et c'est à la périphérie de l'Europe qu'il se distingue dans la contre-guérilla. Déçu par la Restauration, il rallie Napoléon lors des Cent-Jours qui l'envoie en Vendée. Cette affectation le compromet durablement aux yeux du pouvoir royaliste qui ne voit plus en lui qu'un général bonapartiste. Exilé, il ne revient en France qu'en 1818 et embrasse une carrière littéraire tout en cherchant à garder son rang dans la société. Au contact de l'opposition libérale, il renoue avec la politique au quotidien. Sa reconversion en politique n'est pourtant pas une évidence. Ce n'est qu'en 1828 qu'il devient député et ce n'est que sous la monarchie de Juillet qu'il devient un héros populaire.
- Published
- 2017
864. The republics of François-Vincent Raspail : between myths and realities
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Barbier, Jonathan, Centre Norbert Elias (CNELIAS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Avignon, Natalie Petiteau, and STAR, ABES
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Republics ,Politisation ,[SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,Réalités ,Républiques ,Myths ,Politicization ,Mythes ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,Realities ,Raspail - Abstract
This thesis in contemporary history deals with the life of the republicain and chemist François-Vincent Raspail (1794-1878). Its objective is to understand that is the republicanisme in the XIXth century. To do so, throughout the case of Raspail, we attempt to capture the evolution of the republicain ideas at the individual level . In addition, Raspail has the particularity to combine political and scientific theories. Finally, the political myths surrounding Raspail are analyzed and deconstructed : the tireless fighter, the incorruptible man and the doctor to the poor., Cette thèse d'histoire contemporaine traite de la vie du républicain et chimiste François-Vincent Raspail (1794-1878). Son objectif est de comprendre ce qu'est le républicanisme au XIXe siècle. Pour ce faire, on tente de saisir, à travers le cas de Raspail, l'évolution des idées républicaines, à l'échelle individuelle. En outre, Raspail a la particularité de conjuguer ses théories politiques et scientifiques. Enfin, on analyse et on déconstruit les mythes politiques qui entourent Raspail : le lutteur infatigable, l'homme incorruptible ou encore le médecin des pauvres.
- Published
- 2016
865. Time-delay interferometry without delays.
- Author
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Vallisneri, Michele, Bayle, Jean-Baptiste, Babak, Stanislav, and Petiteau, Antoine
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INTERFEROMETRY , *PHASE noise , *MISSING data (Statistics) , *GRAVITATIONAL waves , *LASERS , *OBSERVATORIES , *LASER interferometry - Abstract
The space-based gravitational-wave observatory LISA relies on a form of synthetic interferometry (time-delay interferometry, or TDI) where the otherwise overwhelming laser phase noise is canceled by linear combinations of appropriately delayed phase measurements. These observables grow in length and complexity as the realistic features of the LISA orbits are taken into account. In this paper we outline an implicit formulation of TDI where we write the LISA likelihood directly in terms of the basic phase measurements, and we marginalize over the laser phase noises in the limit of infinite laser-noise variance. Equivalently, we rely on TDI observables that are defined numerically (rather than algebraically) from a discrete-filter representation of the laser propagation delays. Our method generalizes to any time dependence of the armlengths; it simplifies the modeling of gravitational-wave signals; and it allows a straightforward treatment of data gaps and missing measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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866. Time-delay interferometry simulations for the laser interferometer space antenna
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Otto, Markus, Danzmann, Karsten, Hammerer, Klemens, and Petiteau, Antoine
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ddc:530 ,Gravitationswellen ,Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik ,LISA simulation ,time-delay interferometry ,LISA-Simulation ,Gravitational waves - Abstract
[no abstract]
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- 2015
867. Les Français vus par ceux qui les gouvernent (1800-1820)
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Audibert, Cédric, Centre Norbert Elias (CNELIAS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Avignon, Natalie Petiteau, and STAR, ABES
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Restauration ,Governed ,People ,First Empire ,Préfets ,Performances ,Elites ,Prefects ,Gouvernés ,Peuple ,[SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,Power ,Restoration ,Administration ,Governors ,Représentations ,Pouvoir ,Gouvernants ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,Premier Empire - Abstract
The words used by historians to describe the nation or society differ from those used by the authorities between 1800 and 1820. The creation of prefectures places prefects at the heart of a centralised administration. Situated between ministers and sub-prefects, in direct contact with military and religious authorities, they maintain daily administrative correspondence with various interlocutors and sometimes handle complaints transmitted to them, directly or indirectly, by their constituents. As a relay of the central power, prefectoral staff also have to address the population directly through proclamations. All these documents reveal the views of the rulers. Their representations changed, as did their language, depending on diplomatic, political or military successes, and the defeats that sounded the death knell of the Empire founded by Napoleon, which was replaced when Louis XVIII fell to the throne of France. The images conveyed by the authorities do not all evolve at the same rate; they remain complex and subject to tensions that reveal their contradictions. The public authorities reaffirm the common features of an exceptional "people", distinct from its European neighbours, often superior. However, they do not hide the many divisions between the French,"good" or "bad". Nor do they ignore the differences between the elites and the rest of the population, denigrated for their social or geographical affiliation and taking into account the suffering of the "unfortunate., Les mots utilisés par les historiens pour décrire la nation ou la société diffèrent de ceux des autorités entre 1800 et 1820. La création des préfectures place les préfets au cœur d'une administration centralisée. Situés entre les ministres et les sous-préfets, en relation directe avec les autorités militaires et religieuses, ils entretiennent une correspondance administrative quotidienne avec divers interlocuteurs et traitent parfois les réclamations qui leurs sont transmises, directement ou non, par leurs administrés. En tant que relais du pouvoir central, le personnel préfectoral est également amené à s’adresser directement à la population par le biais de proclamations. Tous ces documents révèlent les vues des gouvernants. Leurs représentations changent, ainsi que leur langage, au gré des succès diplomatiques, politiques ou militaires, et des défaites qui sonnent le glas de l'Empire fondé par Napoléon remplacé à sa chute par Louis XVIII sur le trône de France. Les images véhiculées par les autorités n'évoluent pas toutes au même rythme ; elles demeurent complexes et soumises à des tensions révélatrices de leurs contradictions. Les pouvoirs publics réaffirment les traits communs propres à un « peuple » exceptionnel, distinct de ses voisins européens, souvent supérieur. Ils ne cachent pas pour autant les nombreuses divisions qui opposent les Français, « bons » ou « mauvais ». Ils ne taisent pas non plus les différences qu'ils établissent entre les élites et le reste de la population, dénigré pour son appartenance sociale ou géographique et prennent en compte la souffrance des « malheureux ».
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- 2014
868. Les Européens face à la conscription : de l'insoumission à la rébellion (1800-1813)
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Lignereux, Aurélien, Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales (PACTE), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Natalie Petiteau, Jean-Marc Olivier et Sylvie Caucanas, and Lignereux, Aurélien
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[SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,conscription ,esprit public ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,gendarmerie ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
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- 2010
869. Vaincre la résistance administrative - le combat pour l'application de la législation française dans un Etat-satellite: le cas du royaume de Westphalie
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Todorov, Nicola Peter, Centre d'histoire du XIXe siècle (CRHXIX), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4), and Natalie Petiteau
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"Bauern" ,"Königreich Westfalen" ,"réformes" ,"paysans" ,"préfets" ,"Napoléon" ,"administrés" ,"résistance administrative" ,"Feudallasten" ,"Reformen" ,"Präfekten" ,"Verwaltungswiderstand" ,"royaume de Westphalie" ,"postes" ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,"maires" ,"Post" ,"redevances seigneuriales" ,"Steuersystem" ,"fiscalité" - Abstract
Die Rheinbundforschung hat erneut die Aufmerksamkeit der Historiker auf die Reformen gelenkt, die während der napoleonischen Zeit in Deutschland realisiert wurden. Die "Modell-Staaten", denen es zukam die "Überlegenheit" der französischen Institutionen zu zeigen, hatten in Napoleons Politik eine besondere Funktion inne. Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Rolle der Verwaltung in diesem Reformprozess. Zu diesem Zweck wird die Tätigkeit der Staatsdiener in mehreren entscheidenden Bereichen, wie dem Steuersystem und der Abschaffung der "Feudallasten", zuerst im Rahmen eines Departements, dann im Rahmen des Königreichs untersucht. Danach wird sich anderen Verwaltungen zugewendet. Wenn man den Widerstand der mittleren Verwaltungsebenen gut nachweisen kann, so wird auch gezeigt werden, dass dieser effizient durch die Einbeziehung breiterer, an den Reformen interessierter Bevölkerungsschichten bekämpft wurde. Die angebliche Ablehnung dieses Staates durch seine Bewohner erweist sich als ein - sehr zäher - historiographischer Mythos.; Les recherches consacrées à la Confédération du Rhin ont attiré de nouveau l'intérêt des historiens sur les réformes réalisées en Allemagne à l'époque napoléonienne. Les " États-modèle " tels que le royaume de Westphalie, destinés à montrer la " supériorité " des institutions françaises, occupaient une place particulière dans la politique de Napoléon. Le bilan de cette politique ambitieuse aurait été mitigé, selon une opinion largement répandue même décevant. Cet article s'attache à analyser le rôle de l'administration dans ce processus réformateur. A cet effet, l'action des administrateurs dans plusieurs domaines emblématiques tels que celui de la fiscalité et de l'abolition des redevances seigneuriales sera analysée, à l'échelle d'un département, puis celle du royaume. Ensuite d'autres domaines administratifs, comme celle des postes, seront étudiés. Si une résistance des administrations intermédiaires se laisse bien démontrer, celle-ci a été efficacement combattue par le recours aux administrés, intéressés par la réussite des réformes. Le rejet supposé de cet Etat par ces habitants se révèlera comme un mythe de l'historiographie ancienne, qui a la vie longue.
- Published
- 2005
870. Science with the space-based interferometer LISA. V. Extreme mass-ratio inspirals.
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Babak, Stanislav, Gair, Jonathan, Sesana, Alberto, Barausse, Enrico, Sopuerta, Carlos F., Berry, Christopher P. L., Berti, Emanuele, Amaro-Seoane, Pau, Petiteau, Antoine, and Klein, Antoine
- Subjects
- *
BLACK holes , *GRAVITATIONAL waves , *STELLAR mass - Abstract
The space-based Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be able to observe the gravitational-wave signals from systems comprised of a massive black hole and a stellar-mass compact object. These systems are known as extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) and are expected to complete ~104-105 cycles in band, thus allowing exquisite measurements of their parameters. In this work, we attempt to quantify the astrophysical uncertainties affecting the predictions for the number of EMRIs detectable by LISA, and find that competing astrophysical assumptions produce a variance of about three orders of magnitude in the expected intrinsic EMRI rate. However, we find that irrespective of the astrophysical model, at least a few EMRIs per year should be detectable by the LISA mission, with up to a few thousands per year under the most optimistic astrophysical assumptions. We also investigate the precision with which LISA will be able to extract the parameters of these sources. We find that typical fractional statistical errors with which the intrinsic parameters (redshifted masses, massive black hole spin and orbital eccentricity) can be recovered are ~10-6-10-4. Luminosity distance (which is required to infer true masses) is inferred to about 10% precision and sky position is localized to a few square degrees, while tests of the multipolar structure of the Kerr metric can be performed to percent-level precision or better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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871. Analyse numérique et expérimentale de plaques carbone époxy incluant une couche viscoélastique
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MATEU PASTOR, Rémy, Hervé Le Sourne, El Mostafa Daya [Président], Noureddine Bouhaddi [Rapporteur], Jean-Baptiste Casimir [Rapporteur], Patrice Cartraud, Laëtitia Duigou-Kersulec, Éric Le gal lasalle, and Jean-Christophe Petiteau
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Modélisation éléments finis ,Caractérisation expérimentale ,Composites amortissants ,Matériaux viscoélastiques ,Analyse de réponse fréquentielle
872. Second Data Release from the European Pulsar Timing Array: Challenging the Ultralight Dark Matter Paradigm.
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Smarra C, Goncharov B, Barausse E, Antoniadis J, Babak S, Nielsen AB, Bassa CG, Berthereau A, Bonetti M, Bortolas E, Brook PR, Burgay M, Caballero RN, Chalumeau A, Champion DJ, Chanlaridis S, Chen S, Cognard I, Desvignes G, Falxa M, Ferdman RD, Franchini A, Gair JR, Graikou E, Grießmeier JM, Guillemot L, Guo YJ, Hu H, Iraci F, Izquierdo-Villalba D, Jang J, Jawor J, Janssen GH, Jessner A, Karuppusamy R, Keane EF, Keith MJ, Kramer M, Krishnakumar MA, Lackeos K, Lee KJ, Liu K, Liu Y, Lyne AG, McKee JW, Main RA, Mickaliger MB, Niţu IC, Parthasarathy A, Perera BBP, Perrodin D, Petiteau A, Porayko NK, Possenti A, Leclere HQ, Samajdar A, Sanidas SA, Sesana A, Shaifullah G, Speri L, Spiewak R, Stappers BW, Susarla SC, Theureau G, Tiburzi C, van der Wateren E, Vecchio A, Krishnan VV, Wang J, Wang L, and Wu Z
- Abstract
Pulsar Timing Array experiments probe the presence of possible scalar or pseudoscalar ultralight dark matter particles through decade-long timing of an ensemble of galactic millisecond radio pulsars. With the second data release of the European Pulsar Timing Array, we focus on the most robust scenario, in which dark matter interacts only gravitationally with ordinary baryonic matter. Our results show that ultralight particles with masses 10^{-24.0} eV≲m≲10^{-23.3} eV cannot constitute 100% of the measured local dark matter density, but can have at most local density ρ≲0.3 GeV/cm^{3}.
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- 2023
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873. Impact of a training strategy on improving compliance of hand hygiene and gloving during the placement of a short peripheral venous catheter: the multicentre study CleanHand4.
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Farizon M, Dos Santos S, Richard L, Petiteau A, Valentin AS, and van der Mee-Marquet N
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- Humans, Infection Control, Hygiene, Guideline Adherence, Catheters, Health Personnel education, Hand Hygiene, Cross Infection prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: Patients who have short peripheral venous catheters (PVC) face an elevated risk of developing bloodstream infections. Preventing catheter-related infections relies on implementing multiple measures, including practicing proper hand hygiene (HH) during catheter placement., Methods: We conducted a four-part study: (1) an evaluation of HH practices through direct observation of PVC placements, coupled with the study of the microbial flora of the HCWs fingers just before the placement; (2) the development of an educational tool based on the collected observational and microbiological data; (3) the training to the HCWs observed during the first part, using this tool; and (4) the subsequent observation of the trained HCWs to measure the impact of the training on practice improvement., Results: Compliant HH was observed in 23.5% of the 647 HCWs observed during PVC placement before training. The microbiological study revealed fewer pathogens on the fingertips of the HCWs practicing compliant HH compared other HCWs (2.6 vs 11,7%; p = 0.003). The comparison of practices before and after training, assessed among 180 HCWs, showed an increase in the proportion of HCWs performing compliant HH (25.0 vs 63.2%; p < 0.001)., Conclusions: Training HCWs using our educational tool, which combines reminders of best practices and risk factors associated with PVC-related infections, engaging HCWs (presentation of practice evaluation), identifying professionals deviating from best practices (simulation videos), and objectively assessing fingertip contamination (microbiological study), significantly improved compliance with HH gestures and glove usage. We encourage infection control teams to utilize this tool to raise awareness among HCWs responsible for PVC placement about the risk of infection associated inadequate hand hygiene., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2023
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874. Sensor Noise in LISA Pathfinder: In-Flight Performance of the Optical Test Mass Readout.
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Armano M, Audley H, Baird J, Binetruy P, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Brandt N, Castelli E, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Cruise AM, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, Diepholz I, Dixon G, Dolesi R, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fitzsimons ED, Flatscher R, Freschi M, García A, Gerndt R, Gesa L, Giardini D, Gibert F, Giusteri R, Grimani C, Grzymisch J, Guzman F, Harrison I, Hartig MS, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hoyland D, Hueller M, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Johann U, Johlander B, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Killow CJ, Korsakova N, Lobo JA, Liu L, López-Zaragoza JP, Maarschalkerweerd R, Mance D, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martin-Porqueras F, Martino J, McNamara PW, Mendes J, Mendes L, Meshksar N, Monsky A, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Rivas F, Robertson DI, Russano G, Sanjuan J, Slutsky J, Sopuerta CF, Steier F, Sumner T, Texier D, Thorpe JI, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wand V, Wanner G, Ward H, Wass PJ, Weber WJ, Wissel L, Wittchen A, and Zweifel P
- Abstract
We report on the first subpicometer interferometer flown in space. It was part of ESA's Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) Pathfinder mission and performed the fundamental measurement of the positional and angular motion of two free-falling test masses. The interferometer worked immediately, stably, and reliably from switch on until the end of the mission with exceptionally low residual noise of 32.0_{-1.7}^{+2.4} fm/sqrt[Hz], significantly better than required. We present an upper limit for the sensor performance at millihertz frequencies and a model for the measured sensitivity above 200 mHz.
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- 2021
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875. Analysis of the accuracy of actuation electronics in the laser interferometer space antenna pathfinder.
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Armano M, Audley H, Baird J, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Cardines N, Castelli E, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Cruise AM, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, Dixon G, Dolesi R, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fitzsimons ED, Freschi M, Gesa L, Giardini D, Gibert F, Giusteri R, Grimani C, Grzymisch J, Harrison I, Hartig MS, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hoyland D, Hueller M, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Killow CJ, Korsakova N, López-Zaragoza JP, Maarschalkerweerd R, Mance D, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martino J, Martin-Porqueras F, Mateos I, McNamara PW, Mendes J, Mendes L, Meshksar N, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Rivas F, Robertson DI, Russano G, Slutsky J, Sopuerta CF, Sumner T, Texier D, Ten Pierick J, Thorpe JI, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wanner G, Ward H, Wass PJ, Weber WJ, Wissel L, Wittchen A, and Zweifel P
- Abstract
The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna Pathfinder (LPF) main observable, labeled Δg, is the differential force per unit mass acting on the two test masses under free fall conditions after the contribution of all non-gravitational forces has been compensated. At low frequencies, the differential force is compensated by an applied electrostatic actuation force, which then must be subtracted from the measured acceleration to obtain Δg. Any inaccuracy in the actuation force contaminates the residual acceleration. This study investigates the accuracy of the electrostatic actuation system and its impact on the LPF main observable. It is shown that the inaccuracy is mainly caused by the rounding errors in the waveform processing and also by the random error caused by the analog to digital converter random noise in the control loop. Both errors are one order of magnitude smaller than the resolution of the commanded voltages. We developed a simulator based on the LPF design to compute the close-to-reality actuation voltages and, consequently, the resulting actuation forces. The simulator is applied during post-processing the LPF data.
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- 2020
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876. Cause Analysis of an Infection in Facelift Surgery Due to Mycobacterium chelonae .
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Decalonne M, Lecorche E, Hau E, Petiteau A, Moreau C, Milan O, Lanotte P, Mereghetti L, Cambau E, and van der Mee-Marquet N
- Abstract
We report a post-facelift infection due to Mycobacterium chelonae . An environmental strain recovered from the water supply network of the surgical clinic and the clinical strains were considered non-differentiable using whole genome sequencing. After the unhealed wound's exposure to M. chelonae while showering early at the clinic after surgery, a lasting exposure of the colonized wound to the warm and moist working conditions of a bakery may have been favorable to the infection's development., (Copyright © 2019 Decalonne, Lecorche, Hau, Petiteau, Moreau, Milan, Lanotte, Mereghetti, Cambau and van der Mee-Marquet.)
- Published
- 2019
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877. LISA Pathfinder Performance Confirmed in an Open-Loop Configuration: Results from the Free-Fall Actuation Mode.
- Author
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Armano M, Audley H, Baird J, Binetruy P, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Castelli E, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Cruise AM, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, Diepholz I, Dixon G, Dolesi R, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fitzsimons ED, Freschi M, Gesa L, Gibert F, Giardini D, Giusteri R, Grimani C, Grzymisch J, Harrison I, Hartig MS, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hoyland D, Hueller M, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Korsakova N, Killow CJ, Lobo JA, Liu L, López-Zaragoza JP, Maarschalkerweerd R, Mance D, Meshksar N, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martino J, Martin-Porqueras F, Mateos I, McNamara PW, Mendes J, Mendes L, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Robertson DI, Rivas F, Russano G, Slutsky J, Sopuerta CF, Sumner T, Texier D, Thorpe JI, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wanner G, Ward H, Wass PJ, Weber WJ, Wissel L, Wittchen A, and Zweifel P
- Abstract
We report on the results of the LISA Pathfinder (LPF) free-fall mode experiment, in which the control force needed to compensate the quasistatic differential force acting on two test masses is applied intermittently as a series of "impulse" forces lasting a few seconds and separated by roughly 350 s periods of true free fall. This represents an alternative to the normal LPF mode of operation in which this balancing force is applied continuously, with the advantage that the acceleration noise during free fall is measured in the absence of the actuation force, thus eliminating associated noise and force calibration errors. The differential acceleration noise measurement presented here with the free-fall mode agrees with noise measured with the continuous actuation scheme, representing an important and independent confirmation of the LPF result. An additional measurement with larger actuation forces also shows that the technique can be used to eliminate actuation noise when this is a dominant factor.
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- 2019
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878. Efficient Targeted Mutagenesis in Apple and First Time Edition of Pear Using the CRISPR-Cas9 System.
- Author
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Charrier A, Vergne E, Dousset N, Richer A, Petiteau A, and Chevreau E
- Abstract
Targeted genome engineering has emerged as an alternative to classical plant breeding and transgenic methods to improve crop plants. Among other methods (zinc finger nucleases or TAL effector nucleases) the CRISPR-Cas system proved to be the most effective, convenient and least expensive method. In this study, we optimized the conditions of application of this system on apple and explored its feasibility on pear. As a proof of concept, we chose to knock-out the Phytoene Desaturase ( PDS ) and Terminal Flower 1 ( TFL1 ) genes. To improve the edition efficiency, two different single guide RNAs (gRNAs) were associated to the Cas9 nuclease for each target gene. These gRNAs were placed under the control of the U3 and U6 apple promoters. Characteristic albino phenotype was obtained for 85% of the apple transgenic lines targeted in MdPDS gene. Early flowering was observed in 93% of the apple transgenic lines targeted in MdTFL1.1 gene and 9% of the pear transgenic lines targeted in PcTFL1.1 . Sequencing of the target zones in apple and pear CRISPR-PDS and CRISPR-TFL1.1 transgenic lines showed that the two gRNAs induced mutations but at variable frequencies. In most cases, Cas9 nuclease cut the DNA in the twenty targeted base pairs near the protospacer adjacent motif and insertions were more frequent than deletions or substitutions. The most frequent edition profile of PDS as well as TFL1.1 genes was chimeric biallelic. Analysis of a sample of potential off-target sequences of the CRISPR-TFL1.1 construct indicated the absence of edition in cases of three mismatches. In addition, transient transformation with the CRISPR-PDS construct produced two T-DNA free edited apple lines. Our overall results indicate that, despite the frequent occurrence of chimerism, the CRISPR-Cas 9 system is a powerful and precise method to induce targeted mutagenesis in the first generation of apple and pear transgenic lines.
- Published
- 2019
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879. Beyond the Required LISA Free-Fall Performance: New LISA Pathfinder Results down to 20 μHz.
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Armano M, Audley H, Baird J, Binetruy P, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Castelli E, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Cruise AM, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, Diepholz I, Dixon G, Dolesi R, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fitzsimons ED, Freschi M, Gesa L, Gibert F, Giardini D, Giusteri R, Grimani C, Grzymisch J, Harrison I, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hoyland D, Hueller M, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Korsakova N, Killow CJ, Lobo JA, Lloro I, Liu L, López-Zaragoza JP, Maarschalkerweerd R, Mance D, Meshksar N, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martino J, Martin-Porqueras F, Mateos I, McNamara PW, Mendes J, Mendes L, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Robertson DI, Rivas F, Russano G, Slutsky J, Sopuerta CF, Sumner T, Texier D, Thorpe JI, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wanner G, Ward H, Wass PJ, Weber WJ, Wissel L, Wittchen A, and Zweifel P
- Abstract
In the months since the publication of the first results, the noise performance of LISA Pathfinder has improved because of reduced Brownian noise due to the continued decrease in pressure around the test masses, from a better correction of noninertial effects, and from a better calibration of the electrostatic force actuation. In addition, the availability of numerous long noise measurement runs, during which no perturbation is purposely applied to the test masses, has allowed the measurement of noise with good statistics down to 20 μHz. The Letter presents the measured differential acceleration noise figure, which is at (1.74±0.05) fm s^{-2}/sqrt[Hz] above 2 mHz and (6±1)×10 fm s^{-2}/sqrt[Hz] at 20 μHz, and discusses the physical sources for the measured noise. This performance provides an experimental benchmark demonstrating the ability to realize the low-frequency science potential of the LISA mission, recently selected by the European Space Agency.
- Published
- 2018
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880. Charge-Induced Force Noise on Free-Falling Test Masses: Results from LISA Pathfinder.
- Author
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Armano M, Audley H, Auger G, Baird JT, Binetruy P, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Brandt N, Bursi A, Caleno M, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Cruise M, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, Diepholz I, Dolesi R, Dunbar N, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fitzsimons ED, Flatscher R, Freschi M, Gallegos J, García Marirrodriga C, Gerndt R, Gesa L, Gibert F, Giardini D, Giusteri R, Grimani C, Grzymisch J, Harrison I, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hueller M, Huesler J, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Johlander B, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Killow CJ, Korsakova N, Lloro I, Liu L, López-Zaragoza JP, Maarschalkerweerd R, Madden S, Mance D, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martino J, Martin-Porqueras F, Mateos I, McNamara PW, Mendes J, Mendes L, Moroni A, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Prat P, Ragnit U, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Romera Perez JA, Robertson DI, Rozemeijer H, Rivas F, Russano G, Sarra P, Schleicher A, Slutsky J, Sopuerta C, Sumner TJ, Texier D, Thorpe JI, Trenkel C, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wanner G, Ward H, Wass PJ, Wealthy D, Weber WJ, Wittchen A, Zanoni C, Ziegler T, and Zweifel P
- Abstract
We report on electrostatic measurements made on board the European Space Agency mission LISA Pathfinder. Detailed measurements of the charge-induced electrostatic forces exerted on free-falling test masses (TMs) inside the capacitive gravitational reference sensor are the first made in a relevant environment for a space-based gravitational wave detector. Employing a combination of charge control and electric-field compensation, we show that the level of charge-induced acceleration noise on a single TM can be maintained at a level close to 1.0 fm s^{-2} Hz^{-1/2} across the 0.1-100 mHz frequency band that is crucial to an observatory such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Using dedicated measurements that detect these effects in the differential acceleration between the two test masses, we resolve the stochastic nature of the TM charge buildup due to interplanetary cosmic rays and the TM charge-to-force coupling through stray electric fields in the sensor. All our measurements are in good agreement with predictions based on a relatively simple electrostatic model of the LISA Pathfinder instrument.
- Published
- 2017
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881. Sub-Femto-g Free Fall for Space-Based Gravitational Wave Observatories: LISA Pathfinder Results.
- Author
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Armano M, Audley H, Auger G, Baird JT, Bassan M, Binetruy P, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Brandt N, Caleno M, Carbone L, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Ciani G, Congedo G, Cruise AM, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, De Rosa R, Diaz-Aguiló M, Di Fiore L, Diepholz I, Dixon G, Dolesi R, Dunbar N, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fichter W, Fitzsimons ED, Flatscher R, Freschi M, García Marín AF, García Marirrodriga C, Gerndt R, Gesa L, Gibert F, Giardini D, Giusteri R, Guzmán F, Grado A, Grimani C, Grynagier A, Grzymisch J, Harrison I, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hoyland D, Hueller M, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Johann U, Johlander B, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Korsakova N, Killow CJ, Lobo JA, Lloro I, Liu L, López-Zaragoza JP, Maarschalkerweerd R, Mance D, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martino J, Martin-Porqueras F, Madden S, Mateos I, McNamara PW, Mendes J, Mendes L, Monsky A, Nicolodi D, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Prat P, Ragnit U, Raïs B, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Robertson DI, Rozemeijer H, Rivas F, Russano G, Sanjuán J, Sarra P, Schleicher A, Shaul D, Slutsky J, Sopuerta CF, Stanga R, Steier F, Sumner T, Texier D, Thorpe JI, Trenkel C, Tröbs M, Tu HB, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wand V, Wanner G, Ward H, Warren C, Wass PJ, Wealthy D, Weber WJ, Wissel L, Wittchen A, Zambotti A, Zanoni C, Ziegler T, and Zweifel P
- Abstract
We report the first results of the LISA Pathfinder in-flight experiment. The results demonstrate that two free-falling reference test masses, such as those needed for a space-based gravitational wave observatory like LISA, can be put in free fall with a relative acceleration noise with a square root of the power spectral density of 5.2±0.1 fm s^{-2}/sqrt[Hz], or (0.54±0.01)×10^{-15} g/sqrt[Hz], with g the standard gravity, for frequencies between 0.7 and 20 mHz. This value is lower than the LISA Pathfinder requirement by more than a factor 5 and within a factor 1.25 of the requirement for the LISA mission, and is compatible with Brownian noise from viscous damping due to the residual gas surrounding the test masses. Above 60 mHz the acceleration noise is dominated by interferometer displacement readout noise at a level of (34.8±0.3) fm/sqrt[Hz], about 2 orders of magnitude better than requirements. At f≤0.5 mHz we observe a low-frequency tail that stays below 12 fm s^{-2}/sqrt[Hz] down to 0.1 mHz. This performance would allow for a space-based gravitational wave observatory with a sensitivity close to what was originally foreseen for LISA.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
882. Limits on Anisotropy in the Nanohertz Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background.
- Author
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Taylor SR, Mingarelli CM, Gair JR, Sesana A, Theureau G, Babak S, Bassa CG, Brem P, Burgay M, Caballero RN, Champion DJ, Cognard I, Desvignes G, Guillemot L, Hessels JW, Janssen GH, Karuppusamy R, Kramer M, Lassus A, Lazarus P, Lentati L, Liu K, Osłowski S, Perrodin D, Petiteau A, Possenti A, Purver MB, Rosado PA, Sanidas SA, Smits R, Stappers B, Tiburzi C, van Haasteren R, Vecchio A, and Verbiest JP
- Abstract
The paucity of observed supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) may imply that the gravitational wave background (GWB) from this population is anisotropic, rendering existing analyses suboptimal. We present the first constraints on the angular distribution of a nanohertz stochastic GWB from circular, inspiral-driven SMBHBs using the 2015 European Pulsar Timing Array data. Our analysis of the GWB in the ~2-90 nHz band shows consistency with isotropy, with the strain amplitude in l>0 spherical harmonic multipoles ≲40% of the monopole value. We expect that these more general techniques will become standard tools to probe the angular distribution of source populations.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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