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7,323 results on '"A. Banday"'

101. Cosmic Birefringence from the Planck Data Release 4

Author

Diego-Palazuelos, P, Eskilt, JR, Minami, Y, Tristram, M, Sullivan, RM, Banday, AJ, Barreiro, RB, Eriksen, HK, Górski, KM, Keskitalo, R, Komatsu, E, Martínez-González, E, Scott, D, Vielva, P, and Wehus, IK

Subjects
Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

We search for the signature of parity-violating physics in the cosmic microwave background, called cosmic birefringence, using the Planck data release 4. We initially find a birefringence angle of β=0.30°±0.11° (68% C.L.) for nearly full-sky data. The values of β decrease as we enlarge the Galactic mask, which can be interpreted as the effect of polarized foreground emission. Two independent ways to model this effect are used to mitigate the systematic impact on β for different sky fractions. We choose not to assign cosmological significance to the measured value of β until we improve our knowledge of the foreground polarization.

Published
2022

102. In-flight polarization angle calibration for LiteBIRD: blind challenge and cosmological implications

Author

collaboration, The LiteBIRD, Krachmalnicoff, N, Matsumura, T, de la Hoz, E, Basak, S, Gruppuso, A, Minami, Y, Baccigalupi, C, Komatsu, E, Martínez-González, E, Vielva, P, Aumont, J, Aurlien, R, Azzoni, S, Banday, AJ, Barreiro, RB, Bartolo, N, Bersanelli, M, Calabrese, E, Carones, A, Casas, FJ, Cheung, K, Chinone, Y, Columbro, F, de Bernardis, P, Diego-Palazuelos, P, Errard, J, Finelli, F, Fuskeland, U, Galloway, M, Genova-Santos, RT, Gerbino, M, Ghigna, T, Giardiello, S, Gjerløw, E, Hazumi, M, Henrot-Versillé, S, Kisner, T, Lamagna, L, Lattanzi, M, Levrier, F, Luzzi, G, Maino, D, Masi, S, Migliaccio, M, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mot, B, Nagata, R, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Pagano, L, Paiella, A, Paoletti, D, Patanchon, G, Piacentini, F, Polenta, G, Poletti, D, Puglisi, G, Remazeilles, M, Rubino-Martin, J, Sasaki, M, Shiraishi, M, Signorelli, G, Stever, S, Tartari, A, Tristram, M, Tsuji, M, Vacher, L, Wehus, IK, and Zannoni, M

Subjects
Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics
Abstract

We present a demonstration of the in-flight polarization angle calibration for the JAXA/ISAS second strategic large class mission, LiteBIRD, and estimate its impact on the measurement of the tensor-to-scalar ratio parameter, r, using simulated data. We generate a set of simulated sky maps with CMB and polarized foreground emission, and inject instrumental noise and polarization angle offsets to the 22 (partially overlapping) LiteBIRD frequency channels. Our in-flight angle calibration relies on nulling the EB cross correlation of the polarized signal in each channel. This calibration step has been carried out by two independent groups with a blind analysis, allowing an accuracy of the order of a few arc-minutes to be reached on the estimate of the angle offsets. Both the corrected and uncorrected multi-frequency maps are propagated through the foreground cleaning step, with the goal of computing clean CMB maps. We employ two component separation algorithms, the Bayesian-Separation of Components and Residuals Estimate Tool (B-SeCRET), and the Needlet Internal Linear Combination (NILC). We find that the recovered CMB maps obtained with algorithms that do not make any assumptions about the foreground properties, such as NILC, are only mildly affected by the angle miscalibration. However, polarization angle offsets strongly bias results obtained with the parametric fitting method. Once the miscalibration angles are corrected by EB nulling prior to the component separation, both component separation algorithms result in an unbiased estimation of the r parameter. While this work is motivated by the conceptual design study for LiteBIRD, its framework can be broadly applied to any CMB polarization experiment. In particular, the combination of simulation plus blind analysis provides a robust forecast by taking into account not only detector sensitivity but also systematic effects.

Published
2022

104. Targeting the GPI transamidase subunit GPAA1 abrogates the CD24 immune checkpoint in ovarian cancer

Author

Mishra, Alok K., Ye, Tianyi, Banday, Shahid, Thakare, Ritesh P., Su, Chinh Tran-To, Pham, Ngoc N.H., Ali, Amjad, Kulshreshtha, Ankur, Chowdhury, Shreya Roy, Simone, Tessa M., Hu, Kai, Zhu, Lihua Julie, Eisenhaber, Birgit, Deibler, Sara K., Simin, Karl, Thompson, Paul R., Kelliher, Michelle A., Eisenhaber, Frank, Malonia, Sunil K., and Green, Michael R.

Published
2024
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105. Using the GRADE evidence to decision framework to reach recommendations together with ethnic minority community organizations: the example of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the United Kingdom

Author

Brazzelli, Miriam, Cruikshank, Moira, Inamura, Mari, Manson, Paul, Robertson, Clare, Treweek, Shaun, Crosse, Annette, Sunga, Ria, Rishi, Ash, Rishi, Katie, Isaacs, Talia, Kwaku-Odoi, Charles, Bobat, Mohamed (Hanif), Rauf, A., Abdullahi, Sundus Abshir, Durham, Ceri, Mistry, Kirit, Forde, Davine, Akhtar, Azizzum, Mutumburi, Phanuel, Banday, Shabir, Cueva, Susan, and Daga, Sunil

Published
2024
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107. Overview of the Medium and High Frequency Telescopes of the LiteBIRD satellite mission

Author

Montier, L., Mot, B., de Bernardis, P., Maffei, B., Pisano, G., Columbro, F., Gudmundsson, J. E., Henrot-Versillé, S., Lamagna, L., Montgomery, J., Prouvé, T., Russell, M., Savini, G., Stever, S., Thompson, K. L., Tsujimoto, M., Tucker, C., Westbrook, B., Ade, P. A. R., Adler, A., Allys, E., Arnold, K., Auguste, D., Aumont, J., Aurlien, R., Austermann, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Banerji, R., Barreiro, R. B., Basak, S., Beall, J., Beck, D., Beckman, S., Bermejo, J., Bersanelli, M., Bonis, J., Borrill, J., Boulanger, F., Bounissou, S., Brilenkov, M., Brown, M., Bucher, M., Calabrese, E., Campeti, P., Carones, A., Casas, F. J., Challinor, A., Chan, V., Cheung, K., Chinone, Y., Cliche, J. F., Colombo, L., Cubas, J., Cukierman, A., Curtis, D., D'Alessandro, G., Dachlythra, N., De Petris, M., Dickinson, C., Diego-Palazuelos, P., Dobbs, M., Dotani, T., Duband, L., Duff, S., Duval, J. M., Ebisawa, K., Elleflot, T., Eriksen, H. K., Errard, J., Essinger-Hileman, T., Finelli, F., Flauger, R., Franceschet, C., Fuskeland, U., Galloway, M., Ganga, K., Gao, J. R., Genova-Santos, R., Gerbino, M., Gervasi, M., Ghigna, T., Gjerløw, E., Gradziel, M. L., Grain, J., Grupp, F., Gruppuso, A., de Haan, T., Halverson, N. W., Hargrave, P., Hasebe, T., Hasegawa, M., Hattori, M., Hazumi, M., Herman, D., Herranz, D., Hill, C. A., Hilton, G., Hirota, Y., Hivon, E., Hlozek, R. A., Hoshino, Y., de la Hoz, E., Hubmayr, J., Ichiki, K., Iida, T., Imada, H., Ishimura, K., Ishino, H., Jaehnig, G., Kaga, T., Kashima, S., Katayama, N., Kato, A., Kawasaki, T., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T., Kobayashi, Y., Kogiso, N., Kogut, A., Kohri, K., Komatsu, E., Komatsu, K., Konishi, K., Krachmalnicoff, N., Kreykenbohm, I., Kuo, C. L., Kushino, A., Lanen, J. V., Lattanzi, M., Lee, A. T., Leloup, C., Levrier, F., Linder, E., Louis, T., Luzzi, G., Maciaszek, T., Maino, D., Maki, M., Mandelli, S., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matsumura, T., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Minami, Y., Mitsuda, K., Morgante, G., Murata, Y., Murphy, J. A., Nagai, M., Nagano, Y., Nagasaki, T., Nagata, R., Nakamura, S., Namikawa, T., Natoli, P., Nerval, S., Nishibori, T., Nishino, H., O'Sullivan, C., Ogawa, H., Oguri, S., Ohsaki, H., Ohta, I. S., Okada, N., Pagano, L., Paiella, A., Paoletti, D., Patanchon, G., Peloton, J., Piacentini, F., Polenta, G., Poletti, D., Puglisi, G., Rambaud, D., Raum, C., Realini, S., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Ritacco, A., Roudil, G., Rubino-Martin, J. A., Sakurai, H., Sakurai, Y., Sandri, M., Sasaki, M., Scott, D., Seibert, J., Sekimoto, Y., Sherwin, B., Shinozaki, K., Shiraishi, M., Shirron, P., Signorelli, G., Smecher, G., Stompor, R., Sugai, H., Sugiyama, S., Suzuki, A., Suzuki, J., Svalheim, T. L., Switzer, E., Takaku, R., Takakura, H., Takakura, S., Takase, Y., Takeda, Y., Tartari, A., Taylor, E., Terao, Y., Thommesen, H., Thorne, B., Toda, T., Tomasi, M., Tominaga, M., Trappe, N., Tristram, M., Tsuji, M., Ullom, J., Vermeulen, G., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vissers, M., Vittorio, N., Wehus, I., Weller, J., Wilms, J., Winter, B., Wollack, E. J., Yamasaki, N. Y., Yoshida, T., Yumoto, J., Zannoni, M., and Zonca, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

LiteBIRD is a JAXA-led Strategic Large-Class mission designed to search for the existence of the primordial gravitational waves produced during the inflationary phase of the Universe, through the measurements of their imprint onto the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). These measurements, requiring unprecedented sensitivity, will be performed over the full sky, at large angular scales, and over 15 frequency bands from 34GHz to 448GHz. The LiteBIRD instruments consist of three telescopes, namely the Low-, Medium- and High-Frequency Telescope (respectively LFT, MFT and HFT). We present in this paper an overview of the design of the Medium-Frequency Telescope (89-224GHz) and the High-Frequency Telescope (166-448GHz), the so-called MHFT, under European responsibility, which are two cryogenic refractive telescopes cooled down to 5K. They include a continuous rotating half-wave plate as the first optical element, two high-density polyethylene (HDPE) lenses and more than three thousand transition-edge sensor (TES) detectors cooled to 100mK. We provide an overview of the concept design and the remaining specific challenges that we have to face in order to achieve the scientific goals of LiteBIRD., Comment: SPIE Conference

Published
2021
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108. LiteBIRD: JAXA's new strategic L-class mission for all-sky surveys of cosmic microwave background polarization

Author

Hazumi, M., Ade, P. A. R., Adler, A., Allys, E., Arnold, K., Auguste, D., Aumont, J., Aurlien, R., Austermann, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Banjeri, R., Barreiro, R. B., Basak, S., Beall, J., Beck, D., Beckman, S., Bermejo, J., de Bernardis, P., Bersanelli, M., Bonis, J., Borrill, J., Boulanger, F., Bounissou, S., Brilenkov, M., Brown, M., Bucher, M., Calabrese, E., Campeti, P., Carones, A., Casas, F. J., Challinor, A., Chan, V., Cheung, K., Chinone, Y., Cliche, J. F., Colombo, L., Columbro, F., Cubas, J., Cukierman, A., Curtis, D., D'Alessandro, G., Dachlythra, N., De Petris, M., Dickinson, C., Diego-Palazuelos, P., Dobbs, M., Dotani, T., Duband, L., Duff, S., Duval, J. M., Ebisawa, K., Elleflot, T., Eriksen, H. K., Errard, J., Essinger-Hileman, T., Finelli, F., Flauger, R., Franceschet, C., Fuskeland, U., Galloway, M., Ganga, K., Gao, J. R., Genova-Santos, R., Gerbino, M., Gervasi, M., Ghigna, T., Gjerløw, E., Gradziel, M. L., Grain, J., Grupp, F., Gruppuso, A., Gudmundsson, J. E., de Haan, T., Halverson, N. W., Hargrave, P., Hasebe, T., Hasegawa, M., Hattori, M., Henrot-Versillé, S., Herman, D., Herranz, D., Hill, C. A., Hilton, G., Hirota, Y., Hivon, E., Hlozek, R. A., Hoshino, Y., de la Hoz, E., Hubmayr, J., Ichiki, K., Iida, T., Imada, H., Ishimura, K., Ishino, H., Jaehnig, G., Kaga, T., Kashima, S., Katayama, N., Kato, A., Kawasaki, T., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T., Kobayashi, Y., Kogiso, N., Kogut, A., Kohri, K., Komatsu, E., Komatsu, K., Konishi, K., Krachmalnicoff, N., Kreykenbohm, I., Kuo, C. L., Kushino, A., Lamagna, L., Lanen, J. V., Lattanzi, M., Lee, A. T., Leloup, C., Levrier, F., Linder, E., Louis, T., Luzzi, G., Maciaszek, T., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Maki, M., Mandelli, S., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matsumura, T., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Minami, Y., Mitsuda, K., Montgomery, J., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mot, B., Murata, Y., Murphy, J. A., Nagai, M., Nagano, Y., Nagasaki, T., Nagata, R., Nakamura, S., Namikawa, T., Natoli, P., Nerval, S., Nishibori, T., Nishino, H., Noviello, F., O'Sullivan, C., Ogawa, H., Oguri, S., Ohsaki, H., Ohta, I. S., Okada, N., Pagano, L., Paiella, A., Paoletti, D., Patanchon, G., Peloton, J., Piacentini, F., Pisano, G., Polenta, G., Poletti, D., Prouvé, T., Puglisi, G., Rambaud, D., Raum, C., Realini, S., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Ritacco, A., Roudil, G., Rubino-Martin, J. A., Russell, M., Sakurai, H., Sakurai, Y., Sandri, M., Sasaki, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seibert, J., Sekimoto, Y., Sherwin, B., Shinozaki, K., Shiraishi, M., Shirron, P., Signorelli, G., Smecher, G., Stever, S., Stompor, R., Sugai, H., Sugiyama, S., Suzuki, A., Suzuki, J., Svalheim, T. L., Switzer, E., Takaku, R., Takakura, H., Takakura, S., Takase, Y., Takeda, Y., Tartari, A., Taylor, E., Terao, Y., Thommesen, H., Thompson, K. L., Thorne, B., Toda, T., Tomasi, M., Tominaga, M., Trappe, N., Tristram, M., Tsuji, M., Tsujimoto, M., Tucker, C., Ullom, J., Vermeulen, G., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vissers, M., Vittorio, N., Wehus, I., Weller, J., Westbrook, B., Wilms, J., Winter, B., Wollack, E. J., Yamasaki, N. Y., Yoshida, T., Yumoto, J., Zannoni, M., and Zonca, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

LiteBIRD, the Lite (Light) satellite for the study of B-mode polarization and Inflation from cosmic background Radiation Detection, is a space mission for primordial cosmology and fundamental physics. JAXA selected LiteBIRD in May 2019 as a strategic large-class (L-class) mission, with its expected launch in the late 2020s using JAXA's H3 rocket. LiteBIRD plans to map the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization over the full sky with unprecedented precision. Its main scientific objective is to carry out a definitive search for the signal from cosmic inflation, either making a discovery or ruling out well-motivated inflationary models. The measurements of LiteBIRD will also provide us with an insight into the quantum nature of gravity and other new physics beyond the standard models of particle physics and cosmology. To this end, LiteBIRD will perform full-sky surveys for three years at the Sun-Earth Lagrangian point L2 for 15 frequency bands between 34 and 448 GHz with three telescopes, to achieve a total sensitivity of 2.16 micro K-arcmin with a typical angular resolution of 0.5 deg. at 100GHz. We provide an overview of the LiteBIRD project, including scientific objectives, mission requirements, top-level system requirements, operation concept, and expected scientific outcomes., Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures

Published
2021
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109. Concept Design of Low Frequency Telescope for CMB B-mode Polarization satellite LiteBIRD

Author

Sekimoto, Y., Ade, P. A. R., Adler, A., Allys, E., Arnold, K., Auguste, D., Aumont, J., Aurlien, R., Austermann, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Banerji, R., Barreiro, R. B., Basak, S., Beall, J., Beck, D., Beckman, S., Bermejo, J., de Bernardis, P., Bersanelli, M., Bonis, J., Borrill, J., Boulanger, F., Bounissou, S., Brilenkov, M., Brown, M., Bucher, M., Calabrese, E., Campeti, P., Carones, A., Casas, F. J., Challinor, A., Chan, V., Cheung, K., Chinone, Y., Cliche, J. F., Colombo, L., Columbro, F., Cubas, J., Cukierman, A., Curtis, D., D'Alessandro, G., Dachlythra, N., De Petris, M., Dickinson, C., Diego-Palazuelos, P., Dobbs, M., Dotani, T., Duband, L., Duff, S., Duval, J. M., Ebisawa, K., Elleflot, T., Eriksen, H. K., Errard, J., Essinger-Hileman, T., Finelli, F., Flauger, R., Franceschet, C., Fuskeland, U., Galloway, M., Ganga, K., Gao, J. R., Genova-Santos, R., Gerbino, M., Gervasi, M., Ghigna, T., Gjerløw, E., Gradziel, M. L., Grain, J., Grupp, F., Gruppuso, A., Gudmundsson, J. E., de Haan, T., Halverson, N. W., Hargrave, P., Hasebe, T., Hasegawa, M., Hattori, M., Hazumi, M., Henrot-Versillé, S., Herman, D., Herranz, D., Hill, C. A., Hilton, G., Hirota, Y., Hivon, E., Hlozek, R. A., Hoshino, Y., de la Hoz, E., Hubmayr, J., Ichiki, K., iida, T., Imada, H., Ishimura, K., Ishino, H., Jaehnig, G., Kaga, T., Kashima, S., Katayama, N., Kato, A., Kawasaki, T., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T., Kobayashi, Y., Kogiso, N., Kogut, A., Kohri, K., Komatsu, E., Komatsu, K., Konishi, K., Krachmalnicoff, N., Kreykenbohm, I., Kuo, C. L., Kushino, A., Lamagna, L., Lanen, J. V., Lattanzi, M., Lee, A. T., Leloup, C., Levrier, F., Linder, E., Louis, T., Luzzi, G., Maciaszek, T., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Maki, M., Mandelli, S., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matsumura, T., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Minanmi, Y., Mitsuda, K., Montgomery, J., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mot, B., Murata, Y., Murphy, J. A., Nagai, M., Nagano, Y., Nagasaki, T., Nagata, R., Nakamura, S., Namikawa, T., Natoli, P., Nerval, S., Nishibori, T., Nishino, H., O'Sullivan, C., Ogawa, H., Oguri, S., Ohsaki, H., Ohta, I. S., Okada, N., Pagano, L., Paiella, A., Paoletti, D., Patanchon, G., Peloton, J., Piacentini, F., Pisano, G., Polenta, G., Poletti, D., Prouvé, T., Puglisi, G., Rambaud, D., Raum, C., Realini, S., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Ritacco, A., Roudil, G., Rubino-Martin, J. A., Russell, M., Sakurai, H., Sakurai, Y., Sandri, M., Sasaki, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seibert, J., Sherwin, B., Shinozaki, K., Shiraishi, M., Shirron, P., Signorelli, G., Smecher, G., Stever, S., Stompor, R., Sugai, H., Sugiyama, S., Suzuki, A., Suzuki, J., Svalheim, T. L., Switzer, E., Takaku, R., Takakura, H., Takakura, S., Takase, Y., Takeda, Y., Tartari, A., Taylor, E., Terao, Y., Thommesen, H., Thompson, K. L., Thorne, B., Toda, T., Tomasi, M., Tominaga, M., Trappe, N., Tristram, M., Tsuji, M., Tsujimoto, M., Tucker, C., Ullom, J., Vermeulen, G., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vissers, M., Vittorio, N., Wehus, I., Weller, J., Westbrook, B., Wilms, J., Winter, B., Wollack, E. J., Yamasaki, N. Y., Yoshida, T., Yumoto, J., Zannoni, M., and Zonca, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

LiteBIRD has been selected as JAXA's strategic large mission in the 2020s, to observe the cosmic microwave background (CMB) $B$-mode polarization over the full sky at large angular scales. The challenges of LiteBIRD are the wide field-of-view (FoV) and broadband capabilities of millimeter-wave polarization measurements, which are derived from the system requirements. The possible paths of stray light increase with a wider FoV and the far sidelobe knowledge of $-56$ dB is a challenging optical requirement. A crossed-Dragone configuration was chosen for the low frequency telescope (LFT : 34--161 GHz), one of LiteBIRD's onboard telescopes. It has a wide field-of-view ($18^\circ \times 9^\circ$) with an aperture of 400 mm in diameter, corresponding to an angular resolution of about 30 arcminutes around 100 GHz. The focal ratio f/3.0 and the crossing angle of the optical axes of 90$^\circ$ are chosen after an extensive study of the stray light. The primary and secondary reflectors have rectangular shapes with serrations to reduce the diffraction pattern from the edges of the mirrors. The reflectors and structure are made of aluminum to proportionally contract from warm down to the operating temperature at $5\,$K. A 1/4 scaled model of the LFT has been developed to validate the wide field-of-view design and to demonstrate the reduced far sidelobes. A polarization modulation unit (PMU), realized with a half-wave plate (HWP) is placed in front of the aperture stop, the entrance pupil of this system. A large focal plane with approximately 1000 AlMn TES detectors and frequency multiplexing SQUID amplifiers is cooled to 100 mK. The lens and sinuous antennas have broadband capability. Performance specifications of the LFT and an outline of the proposed verification plan are presented., Comment: 21 pages, 14 figures

Published
2021
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112. Impact of Baseline Characteristics on Stroke Outcomes in Pakistan: A Longitudinal Study Using the Modified Rankin Scale

Author

Muhammad Shabbir, Abdurrahman M. Alshahrani, Dushad Ram, Ambreen Liaqat, Feras M. Almarshad, Abdulrahman Saad Alfaiz, Muath A. Alammar, Altaf Husain Banday, Muhammad Israr, and Muhammad Mohsin Sajjad

Subjects
stroke, pakistan, modified rankin scale, comorbidities, long-term outcomes, healthcare, rehabilitation, Medicine
Abstract

Introduction. Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality globally, with a significant impact on healthcare systems. Various factors, including age, gender, comorbidities, and the type of stroke, influence the burden of stroke and its outcomes. The study was conducted with an objective to determine the impact of baseline characteristics on the long-term functional outcome of stroke patients. Methods. This prospective observational study was conducted between April 6, 2022 - December 31, 2023, at a tertiary hospital. The study included patients with radiologically confirmed stroke, selected through convenience sampling. Stroke patients of any gender and all age groups, with any comorbidity, were included. The Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) assessed disability on admission and three months post-stroke. Results. Of the 213 patients, 122 (57.3%) were males and the majority, 199 (93.4%) individuals, had acute ischemic stroke. The median age of the participants was 60 years (range: 13-97 years; IQR=18 years). The mRS score on admission was poor (5.0; IQR=1.0) for patients ≥ 60 years. In 74 (34.74%) participants, the left middle cerebral artery was a frequently involved site. Age of ≥ 60 years (mRS=4.0; IQR=4.0; p=0.001) and the presence of ≥ 3 comorbidities (mRS=5.0; IQR=1.0; p=0.001) were significantly associated with poor outcomes three months post-stroke. Ordinal logistic regression revealed that a mRS score of 4 (OR=14.20; 95% CI=1.70-145.25; p=0.02) and a mRS score of 5 (OR=78.84; 95% CI=9.35-820.25; p < 0.001) on admission were associated with poor outcomes. In addition, the presence of ≥ 3 comorbidities (OR=4.59; 95% CI=14.65; p < 0.01) and increasing age (OR=1.04; 95% CI=1.01-1.07; p=0.02) were predictors of poor outcomes three months post-stroke. Conclusions. The study underscores the importance of early intervention and effective management of comorbidities to improve functional outcomes in stroke patients. It highlights the need for targeted stroke care and rehabilitation strategies.

Published
2024
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113. Agrobacterium-Mediated Transient Gene Expression Optimized for the Bioenergy Crop Camelina sativa

Author

Pawan Kumar, Zeeshan Banday, John Riley, and Jean Greenberg

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Camelina sativa, a Brassicaceae family crop, is used for fodder, human food, and biofuels. Its relatively high resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as being a climate-resilient oilseed crop, has contributed to its popularity. Camelina's seed yield and oil contents have been improved using various technologies like RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. A stable transformation system for protein localization and other cell autonomous investigations, on the other hand, is tedious and time consuming. This study describes a transient gene expression protocol for Camelina sativa cultivar DH55 leaves using Agrobacterium strain C58C1. The method is suitable for subcellular protein localization and colocalization studies and can be used with both constitutive and chemically induced genes. We report the subcellular localization of the N-terminal ER membrane signal anchor region (1–32 aa) of the At3G28580 gene-encoded protein from Arabidopsis in intact leaves and the expression and localization of other known organelle markers. This method offers a fast and convenient way to study proteins in the commercially important Camelina crop system.Key features• This method is based on the approach of Zhang et al. [1] and has been optimized for bioenergy crop Camelina species.• A constitutive and inducible transient gene expression in the hexaploid species Camelina sativa cultivar DH55.• Requires only 16–18 days to complete with high efficacy.Graphical overviewAgrobacterium-mediated transient gene expression optimized for Camelina sativa

Published
2024
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117. Planck constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio

Author

Tristram, M., Banday, A. J., Górski, K. M., Keskitalo, R., Lawrence, C. R., Andersen, K. J., Barreiro, R. B., Borrill, J., Eriksen, H. K., Fernandez-Cobos, R., Kisner, T. S., Martínez-González, E., Partridge, B., Scott, D., Svalheim, T. L., Thommesen, H., and Wehus, I. K.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r using Planck data. We use the latest release of Planck maps (PR4), processed with the NPIPE code, which produces calibrated frequency maps in temperature and polarization for all Planck channels from 30 GHz to 857 GHz using the same pipeline. We computed constraints on r using the BB angular power spectrum, and we also discuss constraints coming from the TT spectrum. Given Planck's noise level, the TT spectrum gives constraints on r that are cosmic-variance limited (with $\sigma$(r)=0.093), but we show that the marginalized posterior peaks towards negative values of r at about the 1.2$\sigma$ level. We derived Planck constraints using the BB power spectrum at both large angular scales (the 'reionization bump') and intermediate angular scales (the 'recombination bump') from $\ell$=2 to 150, and find a stronger constraint than that from TT, with $\sigma$(r)=0.069. The Planck BB spectrum shows no systematic bias, and is compatible with zero, given both the statistical noise and the systematic uncertainties. The likelihood analysis using B modes yields the constraint r<0.158 at 95% confidence using more than 50% of the sky. This upper limit tightens to r<0.069 when Planck EE, BB, and EB power spectra are combined consistently, and it tightens further to r<0.056 when the Planck TT power spectrum is included in the combination. Finally, combining Planck with BICEP2/Keck 2015 data yields an upper limit of r<0.044., Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, 8 appendix pages. Revised to match version accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2020
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118. Planck intermediate results. LV. Reliability and thermal properties of high-frequency sources in the Second Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources

Author

Planck Collaboration, Akrami, Y., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Benabed, K., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Burigana, C., Calabrese, E., Carvalho, P., Chiang, H. C., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Di Valentino, E., Diego, J. M., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Efstathiou, G., Elsner, F., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Fernandez-Cobos, R., Finelli, F., Fraisse, A. A., Franceschi, E., Frolov, A., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Gerbino, M., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gruppuso, A., Gudmundsson, J. E., Handley, W., Hansen, F. K., Herranz, D., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Huang, Z., Jones, W. C., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kim, J., Kisner, T. S., Krachmalnicoff, N., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Lawrence, C. R., Jeune, M. Le, Levrier, F., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., López-Caniego, M., Ma, Y. -Z., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maggio, G., Mandolesi, N., Marcos-Caballero, A., Maris, M., Martin, P. G., Martínez-González, E., Matarrese, S., Mauri, N., McEwen, J. D., Migliaccio, M., Molinari, D., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Natoli, P., Paoletti, D., Partridge, B., Perrotta, F., Pettorino, V., Piacentini, F., Polenta, G., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renzi, A., Rocha, G., Roudier, G., Ruiz-Granados, B., Savelainen, M., Scott, D., Sirri, G., Spencer, L. D., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Tauber, J. A., Tavagnacco, D., Tenti, M., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Trombetti, T., Valiviita, J., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Wehus, I. K., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We describe an extension of the most recent version of the Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources (PCCS2), produced using a new multi-band Bayesian Extraction and Estimation Package (BeeP). BeeP assumes that the compact sources present in PCCS2 at 857 GHz have a dust-like spectral energy distribution, which leads to emission at both lower and higher frequencies, and adjusts the parameters of the source and its SED to fit the emission observed in Planck's three highest frequency channels at 353, 545, and 857 GHz, as well as the IRIS map at 3000 GHz. In order to reduce confusion regarding diffuse cirrus emission, BeeP's data model includes a description of the background emission surrounding each source, and it adjusts the confidence in the source parameter extraction based on the statistical properties of the spatial distribution of the background emission. BeeP produces the following three new sets of parameters for each source: (a) fits to a modified blackbody (MBB) thermal emission model of the source; (b) SED-independent source flux densities at each frequency considered; and (c) fits to an MBB model of the background in which the source is embedded. BeeP also calculates, for each source, a reliability parameter, which takes into account confusion due to the surrounding cirrus. We define a high-reliability subset (BeeP/base), containing 26 083 sources (54.1 per cent of the total PCCS2 catalogue), the majority of which have no information on reliability in the PCCS2. The results of the BeeP extension of PCCS2, which are made publicly available via the PLA, will enable the study of the thermal properties of well-defined samples of compact Galactic and extra-galactic dusty sources., Comment: 55 pages. Accepted for publication in A&A. The BeeP catalogue will be published in the Planck Legacy Archive (https://pla.esac.esa.int/pla)

Published
2020
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119. Planck intermediate results. LVII. Joint Planck LFI and HFI data processing

Author

Planck Collaboration, Akrami, Y., Andersen, K. J., Ashdown, M., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Benabed, K., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Calabrese, E., Casaponsa, B., Chiang, H. C., Colombo, L. P. L., Combet, C., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., de Bernardis, P., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Di Valentino, E., Diego, J. M., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Eriksen, H. K., Fernandez-Cobos, R., Finelli, F., Frailis, M., Fraisse, A. A., Franceschi, E., Frolov, A., Galeotta, S., Galli, S., Ganga, K., Gerbino, M., Ghosh, T., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gruppuso, A., Gudmundsson, J. E., Handley, W., Helou, G., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Huang, Z., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kiiveri, K., Kim, J., Kisner, T. S., Krachmalnicoff, N., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Lawrence, C. R., Jeune, M. Le, Levrier, F., Liguori, M., Lilje, P. B., Lilley, M., Lindholm, V., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Marcos-Caballero, A., Maris, M., Martin, P. G., Martínez-González, E., Matarrese, S., Mauri, N., McEwen, J. D., Meinhold, P. R., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Mitra, S., Molinari, D., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Moss, A., Natoli, P., Paoletti, D., Partridge, B., Patanchon, G., Pearson, D., Pearson, T. J., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Polenta, G., Rachen, J. P., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renzi, A., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Roudier, G., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Ruiz-Granados, B., Salvati, L., Savelainen, M., Scott, D., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Spencer, L. D., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Svalheim, T. L., Tauber, J. A., Tavagnacco, D., Tenti, M., Terenzi, L., Thommesen, H., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Trombetti, T., Valiviita, J., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wandelt, B. D., Wehus, I. K., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the NPIPE processing pipeline, which produces calibrated frequency maps in temperature and polarization from data from the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) and High Frequency Instrument (HFI) using high-performance computers. NPIPE represents a natural evolution of previous Planck analysis efforts, and combines some of the most powerful features of the separate LFI and HFI analysis pipelines. The net effect of the improvements is lower levels of noise and systematics in both frequency and component maps at essentially all angular scales, as well as notably improved internal consistency between the various frequency channels. Based on the NPIPE maps, we present the first estimate of the Solar dipole determined through component separation across all nine Planck frequencies. The amplitude is ($3366.6 \pm 2.7$)$\mu$K, consistent with, albeit slightly higher than, earlier estimates. From the large-scale polarization data, we derive an updated estimate of the optical depth of reionization of $\tau = 0.051 \pm 0.006$, which appears robust with respect to data and sky cuts. There are 600 complete signal, noise and systematics simulations of the full-frequency and detector-set maps. As a Planck first, these simulations include full time-domain processing of the beam-convolved CMB anisotropies. The release of NPIPE maps and simulations is accompanied with a complete suite of raw and processed time-ordered data and the software, scripts, auxiliary data, and parameter files needed to improve further on the analysis and to run matching simulations., Comment: 97 pages, 93 figures and 16 tables, abstract abridged for arXiv submission, accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2020
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120. Deep Learning for Apple Diseases: Classification and Identification

Author

Khan, Asif Iqbal, Quadri, SMK, and Banday, Saba

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Diseases and pests cause huge economic loss to the apple industry every year. The identification of various apple diseases is challenging for the farmers as the symptoms produced by different diseases may be very similar, and may be present simultaneously. This paper is an attempt to provide the timely and accurate detection and identification of apple diseases. In this study, we propose a deep learning based approach for identification and classification of apple diseases. The first part of the study is dataset creation which includes data collection and data labelling. Next, we train a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model on the prepared dataset for automatic classification of apple diseases. CNNs are end-to-end learning algorithms which perform automatic feature extraction and learn complex features directly from raw images, making them suitable for wide variety of tasks like image classification, object detection, segmentation etc. We applied transfer learning to initialize the parameters of the proposed deep model. Data augmentation techniques like rotation, translation, reflection and scaling were also applied to prevent overfitting. The proposed CNN model obtained encouraging results, reaching around 97.18% of accuracy on our prepared dataset. The results validate that the proposed method is effective in classifying various types of apple diseases and can be used as a practical tool by farmers.

Published
2020
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122. How Big Data Analytical Framework has Redefined Academic Sciences

Author

Banday, Imran Rashid, Zaman, Majid, Quadri, S. M. K., Butt, Muheet Ahmed, Fayaz, Sheikh Amir, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Hirche, Sandra, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Möller, Sebastian, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Oneto, Luca, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zamboni, Walter, Series Editor, Zhang, Junjie James, Series Editor, Singh, Yashwant, editor, Verma, Chaman, editor, Zoltán, Illés, editor, Chhabra, Jitender Kumar, editor, and Singh, Pradeep Kumar, editor

Published
2023
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123. Role of Cytochrome P450 in Xenobiotic Metabolism in Fishes (Review)

Author

Andleeb, Saima, Banday, Muddasir Sharief, Rashid, Sumaira, Ahmad, Irfan, Hafeez, Mehak, Asimi, Oyas, Rather, Mohd Ashraf, Baba, Sajad H., Shah, Azra, Razak, Nakeer, Fatima, Anees, Hussain, Ishraq, Rather, Mohd Ashraf, editor, Amin, Adnan, editor, Hajam, Younis Ahmad, editor, Jamwal, Ankur, editor, and Ahmad, Irfan, editor

Published
2023
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124. Canopy Management

Author

Khalil, Aroosa, Mir, Mahrukh, Nabi, Safura, Mir, Mohammad Maqbool, Iqbal, Umar, Nazir, Nowsheen, Banday, Shafat Ahmad, Bhat, Rifat, Khan, Saba Q., Wani, Tajamaul F., Mir, Mohammad Maqbool, editor, Rehman, Munib Ur, editor, Iqbal, Umar, editor, and Mir, Shabir Ahmad, editor

Published
2023
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125. Plant Water Relations and Irrigation

Author

Munib Ur Rehman, Gull, Yasmeen, Mir, Mohammad Maqbool, Iqbal, Umar, Angmo, Tashi, Hanief, Mehvish, Mahmood, Romana, Rather, Gh. Hassan, Hassan, G. I., Banday, S. A., Mir, Mohammad Maqbool, editor, Rehman, Munib Ur, editor, Iqbal, Umar, editor, and Mir, Shabir Ahmad, editor

Published
2023
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126. Improved Propagation Techniques in Temperate Nuts

Author

Nazir, Nowsheen, Yaseen, Iftisam, Been, Tabish Jehan, Khalil, Aroosa, Iqbal, Umar, Mir, Mohammad Maqbool, Munib Ur Rehman, Banday, Shafat A., Malik, A. R., Bhat, Shahzad, Mir, Mohammad Maqbool, editor, Rehman, Munib Ur, editor, Iqbal, Umar, editor, and Mir, Shabir Ahmad, editor

Published
2023
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133. Erratum: Planck 2018 results: VI. Cosmological parameters (Astronomy and Astrophysics (2020) 641 (A6) DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201833910)

Author

Aghanim, N, Akrami, Y, Ashdown, M, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Ballardini, M, Banday, AJ, Barreiro, RB, Bartolo, N, Basak, S, Battye, R, Benabed, K, Bernard, JP, Bersanelli, M, Bielewicz, P, Bock, JJ, Bond, JR, Borrill, J, Bouchet, FR, Boulanger, F, Bucher, M, Burigana, C, Butler, RC, Calabrese, E, Cardoso, JF, Carron, J, Challinor, A, Chiang, HC, Chluba, J, Colombo, LPL, Combet, C, Contreras, D, Crill, BP, Cuttaia, F, De Bernardis, P, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Delouis, JM, DI Valentino, E, DIego, JM, Doré, O, Douspis, M, Ducout, A, Dupac, X, Dusini, S, Efstathiou, G, Elsner, F, Enßlin, TA, Eriksen, HK, Fantaye, Y, Farhang, M, Fergusson, J, Fernandez-Cobos, R, Finelli, F, Forastieri, F, Frailis, M, Fraisse, AA, Franceschi, E, Frolov, A, Galeotta, S, Galli, S, Ganga, K, Génova-Santos, RT, Gerbino, M, Ghosh, T, González-Nuevo, J, Górski, KM, Gratton, S, Gruppuso, A, Gudmundsson, JE, Hamann, J, Handley, W, Hansen, FK, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, SR, Hivon, E, Huang, Z, Jaffe, AH, Jones, WC, Karakci, A, Keihänen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kiiveri, K, Kim, J, Kisner, TS, Knox, L, Krachmalnicoff, N, Kunz, M, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lamarre, JM, Lasenby, A, Lattanzi, M, Lawrence, CR, Le Jeune, M, Lemos, P, Lesgourgues, J, Levrier, F, Lewis, A, and Liguori, M

Subjects
cosmic background radiation, cosmological parameters, errata, addenda, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract

In the original version, the bounds given in Eqs. (87a) and (87b) on the contribution to the early-time optical depth, (15,30), contained a numerical error in deriving the 95th percentile from the Monte Carlo samples. The corrected 95% upper bounds are: τ(15,30) < 0:018 (lowE, flat τ(15, 30), FlexKnot), (1) τ(15, 30) < 0:023 (lowE, flat knot, FlexKnot): (2) These bounds are a factor of 3 larger than the originally reported results. Consequently, the new bounds do not significantly improve upon previous results from Planck data presented in Millea & Bouchet (2018) as was stated, but are instead comparable. Equations (1) and (2) give results that are now similar to those of Heinrich & Hu (2021), who used the same Planck 2018 data to derive a 95% upper bound of 0.020 using the principal component analysis (PCA) model and uniform priors on the PCA mode amplitudes.

Published
2021

134. Planck 2018 results

Author

Aghanim, N, Akrami, Y, Ashdown, M, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Ballardini, M, Banday, AJ, Barreiro, RB, Bartolo, N, Basak, S, Battye, R, Benabed, K, Bernard, J-P, Bersanelli, M, Bielewicz, P, Bock, JJ, Bond, JR, Borrill, J, Bouchet, FR, Boulanger, F, Bucher, M, Burigana, C, Butler, RC, Calabrese, E, Cardoso, J-F, Carron, J, Challinor, A, Chiang, HC, Chluba, J, Colombo, LPL, Combet, C, Contreras, D, Crill, BP, Cuttaia, F, de Bernardis, P, de Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Delouis, J-M, Di Valentino, E, Diego, JM, Doré, O, Douspis, M, Ducout, A, Dupac, X, Dusini, S, Efstathiou, G, Elsner, F, Enßlin, TA, Eriksen, HK, Fantaye, Y, Farhang, M, Fergusson, J, Fernandez-Cobos, R, Finelli, F, Forastieri, F, Frailis, M, Fraisse, AA, Franceschi, E, Frolov, A, Galeotta, S, Galli, S, Ganga, K, Génova-Santos, RT, Gerbino, M, Ghosh, T, González-Nuevo, J, Górski, KM, Gratton, S, Gruppuso, A, Gudmundsson, JE, Hamann, J, Handley, W, Hansen, FK, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, SR, Hivon, E, Huang, Z, Jaffe, AH, Jones, WC, Karakci, A, Keihänen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kiiveri, K, Kim, J, Kisner, TS, Knox, L, Krachmalnicoff, N, Kunz, M, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lamarre, J-M, Lasenby, A, Lattanzi, M, Lawrence, CR, Le Jeune, M, Lemos, P, Lesgourgues, J, Levrier, F, Lewis, A, and Liguori, M

Subjects
Space Sciences, Particle and High Energy Physics, Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, cosmic background radiation, cosmological parameters, errata, addenda, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract

In the original version, the bounds given in Eqs. (87a) and (87b) on the contribution to the early-time optical depth, (15,30), contained a numerical error in deriving the 95th percentile from the Monte Carlo samples. The corrected 95% upper bounds are: τ(15,30) < 0:018 (lowE, flat τ(15, 30), FlexKnot), (1) τ(15, 30) < 0:023 (lowE, flat knot, FlexKnot): (2) These bounds are a factor of 3 larger than the originally reported results. Consequently, the new bounds do not significantly improve upon previous results from Planck data presented in Millea & Bouchet (2018) as was stated, but are instead comparable. Equations (1) and (2) give results that are now similar to those of Heinrich & Hu (2021), who used the same Planck 2018 data to derive a 95% upper bound of 0.020 using the principal component analysis (PCA) model and uniform priors on the PCA mode amplitudes.

Published
2021

139. Autism-Associated Vigilin Depletion Impairs DNA Damage Repair.

Author

Banday, Shahid, Pandita, Raj, Mushtaq, Arjamand, Bacolla, Albino, Mir, Ulfat, Singh, Dharmendra, Jan, Sadaf, Bhat, Krishna, Hunt, Clayton, Rao, Ganesh, Charaka, Vijay, Tainer, John, Pandita, Tej, and Altaf, Mohammad

Subjects
DNA repair, Rad51, autism-related disorders, cancer, histone acetylation, homologous recombination, replicative stress, vigilin, Autistic Disorder, BRCA1 Protein, DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded, DNA Repair, DNA Replication, Genomic Instability, Humans, Proto-Oncogene Mas, RNA-Binding Proteins, Rad51 Recombinase
Abstract

Vigilin (Vgl1) is essential for heterochromatin formation, chromosome segregation, and mRNA stability and is associated with autism spectrum disorders and cancer: vigilin, for example, can suppress proto-oncogene c-fms expression in breast cancer. Conserved from yeast to humans, vigilin is an RNA-binding protein with 14 tandemly arranged nonidentical hnRNP K-type homology (KH) domains. Here, we report that vigilin depletion increased cell sensitivity to cisplatin- or ionizing radiation (IR)-induced cell death and genomic instability due to defective DNA repair. Vigilin depletion delayed dephosphorylation of IR-induced γ-H2AX and elevated levels of residual 53BP1 and RIF1 foci, while reducing Rad51 and BRCA1 focus formation, DNA end resection, and double-strand break (DSB) repair. We show that vigilin interacts with the DNA damage response (DDR) proteins RAD51 and BRCA1, and vigilin depletion impairs their recruitment to DSB sites. Transient hydroxyurea (HU)-induced replicative stress in vigilin-depleted cells increased replication fork stalling and blocked restart of DNA synthesis. Furthermore, histone acetylation promoted vigilin recruitment to DSBs preferentially in the transcriptionally active genome. These findings uncover a novel vigilin role in DNA damage repair with implications for autism and cancer-related disorders.

Published
2021

140. Microwave spectro-polarimetry of matter and radiation across space and time

Author

Delabrouille, Jacques, Abitbol, Maximilian H, Aghanim, Nabila, Ali-Haïmoud, Yacine, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Banday, Anthony J, Bartlett, James G, Baselmans, Jochem, Basu, Kaustuv, Battaglia, Nicholas, Climent, José Ramón Bermejo, Bernal, José L, Béthermin, Matthieu, Bolliet, Boris, Bonato, Matteo, Bouchet, François R, Breysse, Patrick C, Burigana, Carlo, Cai, Zhen-Yi, Chluba, Jens, Churazov, Eugene, Dannerbauer, Helmut, De Bernardis, Paolo, De Zotti, Gianfranco, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dimastrogiovanni, Emanuela, Endo, Akira, Erler, Jens, Ferraro, Simone, Finelli, Fabio, Fixsen, Dale, Hanany, Shaul, Hart, Luke, Hernández-Monteagudo, Carlos, Hill, J Colin, Hotinli, Selim C, Karatsu, Kenichi, Karkare, Kirit, Keating, Garrett K, Khabibullin, Ildar, Kogut, Alan, Kohri, Kazunori, Kovetz, Ely D, Lagache, Guilaine, Lesgourgues, Julien, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Maffei, Bruno, Mandolesi, Nazzareno, Martins, Carlos, Masi, Silvia, Mather, John, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Dizgah, Azadeh Moradinezhad, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Nagai, Daisuke, Negrello, Mattia, Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie, Paoletti, Daniela, Patil, Subodh P, Piacentini, Francesco, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Ravenni, Andrea, Remazeilles, Mathieu, Revéret, Vincent, Rodriguez, Louis, Rotti, Aditya, Martin, Jose-Alberto Rubiño, Sayers, Jack, Scott, Douglas, Silk, Joseph, Silva, Marta, Souradeep, Tarun, Sugiyama, Naonori, Sunyaev, Rashid, Switzer, Eric R, Tartari, Andrea, Trombetti, Tiziana, and Zubeldia, Íñigo

Subjects
Cosmology, Early Universe, Galaxies, Galaxy clusters, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics
Abstract

This paper discusses the science case for a sensitive spectro-polarimetric survey of the microwave sky. Such a survey would provide a tomographic and dynamic census of the three-dimensional distribution of hot gas, velocity flows, early metals, dust, and mass distribution in the entire Hubble volume, exploit CMB temperature and polarisation anisotropies down to fundamental limits, and track energy injection and absorption into the radiation background across cosmic times by measuring spectral distortions of the CMB blackbody emission. In addition to its exceptional capability for cosmology and fundamental physics, such a survey would provide an unprecedented view of microwave emissions at sub-arcminute to few-arcminute angular resolution in hundreds of frequency channels, a data set that would be of immense legacy value for many branches of astrophysics. We propose that this survey be carried out with a large space mission featuring a broad-band polarised imager and a moderate resolution spectro-imager at the focus of a 3.5 m aperture telescope actively cooled to about 8K, complemented with absolutely-calibrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer modules observing at degree-scale angular resolution in the 10–2000 GHz frequency range. We propose two observing modes: a survey mode to map the entire sky as well as a few selected wide fields, and an observatory mode for deeper observations of regions of specific interest.

Published
2021

146. Social media use among adolescents with eating disorders: a double-edged sword

Author

Faisal A. Nawaz, Mehr Muhammad Adeel Riaz, Nimrat ul ain Banday, Aakanksha Singh, Zara Arshad, Hanan Derby, and Meshal A. Sultan

Subjects
eating disorders, adolescents, social media, children, youth, mental health, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

Eating disorders are on the rise with a significant impact on mental health. Misuse of social media platforms is likely a significant contributing factor. This trend is especially pronounced among adolescents, who are increasingly using social media platforms for communications, building relationships, learning and entertainment. The unsupervised sharing of social media content can have drastic consequences on the physical and psychological wellbeing of youth, which often takes the form of “thinspiration” or “fitspiration”. This probably serves as a trigger for those already struggling with eating disorders. In addition, there is a lack of awareness among youth and adults on ideal knowledge-sharing practices related to an eating disorder. By addressing the unique challenges that social media presents for youth with eating disorders, communities can work towards creating a safer and more supportive online environment on a global scale. At this junction, this article aims to share the current challenges of social media use among adolescents with eating disorders and put forth recommendations for how social media could be used as a tool for positive impact in this population.

Published
2024
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147. EZH2 inhibition reactivates epigenetically silenced FMR1 and normalizes molecular and electrophysiological abnormalities in fragile X syndrome neurons

Author

Minggang Fang, Sara K. Deibler, Pranathi Meda Krishnamurthy, Feng Wang, Paola Rodriguez, Shahid Banday, Ching-Man Virbasius, Miguel Sena-Esteves, Jonathan K. Watts, and Michael R. Green

Subjects
FXS, FMR1 silencing, FMR1 reactivation, EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2), ASO - antisense oligonucleotides, neuron differentiation, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a neurological disorder caused by epigenetic silencing of the FMR1 gene. Reactivation of FMR1 is a potential therapeutic approach for FXS that would correct the root cause of the disease. Here, using a candidate-based shRNA screen, we identify nine epigenetic repressors that promote silencing of FMR1 in FXS cells (called FMR1 Silencing Factors, or FMR1- SFs). Inhibition of FMR1-SFs with shRNAs or small molecules reactivates FMR1 in cultured undifferentiated induced pluripotent stem cells, neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and post-mitotic neurons derived from FXS patients. One of the FMR1-SFs is the histone methyltransferase EZH2, for which an FDA-approved small molecule inhibitor, EPZ6438 (also known as tazemetostat), is available. We show that EPZ6438 substantially corrects the characteristic molecular and electrophysiological abnormalities of cultured FXS neurons. Unfortunately, EZH2 inhibitors do not efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier, limiting their therapeutic use for FXS. Recently, antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-based approaches have been developed as effective treatment options for certain central nervous system disorders. We therefore derived efficacious ASOs targeting EZH2 and demonstrate that they reactivate FMR1 expression and correct molecular and electrophysiological abnormalities in cultured FXS neurons, and reactivate FMR1 expression in human FXS NPCs engrafted within the brains of mice. Collectively, our results establish EZH2 inhibition in general, and EZH2 ASOs in particular, as a therapeutic approach for FXS.

Published
2024
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149. Planck intermediate results. LVI. Detection of the CMB dipole through modulation of the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect: Eppur si muove II

Author

Planck Collaboration, Akrami, Y., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Benabed, K., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Burigana, C., Calabrese, E., Cardoso, J. -F., Casaponsa, B., Chiang, H. C., Combet, C., Contreras, D., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., de Bernardis, P., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Di Valentino, E., Diego, J. M., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Fernandez-Cobos, R., Finelli, F., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Frolov, A., Galeotta, S., Galli, S., Ganga, K., Génova-Santos, R. T., Gerbino, M., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gruppuso, A., Gudmundsson, J. E., Handley, W., Herranz, D., Hivon, E., Huang, Z., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kiiveri, K., Kim, J., Kisner, T. S., Krachmalnicoff, N., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lamarre, J. -M., Lattanzi, M., Lawrence, C. R., Jeune, M. Le, Levrier, F., Liguori, M., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., López-Caniego, M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Marcos-Caballero, A., Maris, M., Martin, P. G., Martínez-González, E., Matarrese, S., Mauri, N., McEwen, J. D., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Molinari, D., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Moss, A., Natoli, P., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Perrotta, F., Pettorino, V., Piacentini, F., Polenta, G., Rachen, J. P., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renzi, A., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Ruiz-Granados, B., Salvati, L., Savelainen, M., Scott, D., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Spencer, L. D., Sullivan, R. M., Sunyaev, R., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Tauber, J. A., Tavagnacco, D., Tenti, M., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Trombetti, T., Valiviita, J., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wehus, I. K., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The largest temperature anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the dipole, which has been measured with increasing accuracy for more than three decades, particularly with the Planck satellite. The simplest interpretation of the dipole is that it is due to our motion with respect to the rest frame of the CMB. Since current CMB experiments infer temperature anisotropies from angular intensity variations, the dipole modulates the temperature anisotropies with the same frequency dependence as the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect. We present the first, and significant, detection of this signal in the tSZ maps and find that it is consistent with direct measurements of the CMB dipole, as expected. The signal contributes power in the tSZ maps, which is modulated in a quadrupolar pattern, and we estimate its contribution to the tSZ bispectrum, noting that it contributes negligible noise to the bispectrum at relevant scales., Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures. Added references, small clarifying and language edits. All results remain the same

Published
2020
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150. Updated design of the CMB polarization experiment satellite LiteBIRD

Author

Sugai, H., Ade, P. A. R., Akiba, Y., Alonso, D., Arnold, K., Aumont, J., Austermann, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Banerji, R., Barreiro, R. B., Basak, S., Beall, J., Beckman, S., Bersanelli, M., Borrill, J., Boulanger, F., Brown, M. L., Bucher, M., Buzzelli, A., Calabrese, E., Casas, F. J., Challinor, A., Chan, V., Chinone, Y., Cliche, J. -F., Columbro, F., Cukierman, A., Curtis, D., Danto, P., de Bernardis, P., de Haan, T., De Petris, M., Dickinson, C., Dobbs, M., Dotani, T., Duband, L., Ducout, A., Duff, S., Duivenvoorden, A., Duval, J. -M., Ebisawa, K., Elleflot, T., Enokida, H., Eriksen, H. K., Errard, J., Essinger-Hileman, T., Finelli, F., Flauger, R., Franceschet, C., Fuskeland, U., Ganga, K., Gao, J. -R., Génova-Santos, R., Ghigna, T., Gomez, A., Gradziel, M. L., Grain, J., Grupp, F., Gruppuso, A., Gudmundsson, J. E., Halverson, N. W., Hargrave, P., Hasebe, T., Hasegawa, M., Hattori, M., Hazumi, M., Henrot-Versille, S., Herranz, D., Hill, C., Hilton, G., Hirota, Y., Hivon, E., Hlozek, R., Hoang, D. -T., Hubmayr, J., Ichiki, K., Iida, T., Imada, H., Ishimura, K., Ishino, H., Jaehnig, G. C., Jones, M., Kaga, T., Kashima, S., Kataoka, Y., Katayama, N., Kawasaki, T., Keskitalo, R., Kibayashi, A., Kikuchi, T., Kimura, K., Kisner, T., Kobayashi, Y., Kogiso, N., Kogut, A., Kohri, K., Komatsu, E., Komatsu, K., Konishi, K., Krachmalnicoff, N., Kuo, C. L., Kurinsky, N., Kushino, A., Kuwata-Gonokami, M., Lamagna, L., Lattanzi, M., Lee, A. T., Linder, E., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Maki, M., Mangilli, A., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Mathon, R., Matsumura, T., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Minami, Y., Mistuda, K., Molinari, D., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mot, B., Murata, Y., Murphy, J. A., Nagai, M., Nagata, R., Nakamura, S., Namikawa, T., Natoli, P., Nerva, S., Nishibori, T., Nishino, H., Nomura, Y., Noviello, F., O'Sullivan, C., Ochi, H., Ogawa, H., Ohsaki, H., Ohta, I., Okada, N., Pagano, L., Paiella, A., Paoletti, D., Patanchon, G., Piacentini, F., Pisano, G., Polenta, G., Poletti, D., Prouvé, T., Puglisi, G., Rambaud, D., Raum, C., Realini, S., Remazeilles, M., Roudil, G., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Russell, M., Sakurai, H., Sakurai, Y., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Sekimoto, Y., Sherwin, B. D., Shinozaki, K., Shiraishi, M., Shirron, P., Signorelli, G., Smecher, G., Spizzi, P., Stever, S. L., Stompor, R., Sugiyama, S., Suzuki, A., Suzuki, J., Switzer, E., Takaku, R., Takakura, H., Takakura, S., Takeda, Y., Taylor, A., Taylor, E., Terao, Y., Thompson, K. L., Thorne, B., Tomasi, M., Tomida, H., Trappe, N., Tristram, M., Tsuji, M., Tsujimoto, M., Tucker, C., Ullom, J., Uozumi, S., Utsunomiya, S., Van Lanen, J., Vermeulen, G., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vissers, M., Vittorio, N., Voisin, F., Walker, I., Watanabe, N., Wehus, I., Weller, J., Westbrook, B., Winter, B., Wollack, E., Yamamoto, R., Yamasaki, N. Y., Yanagisawa, M., Yoshida, T., Yumoto, J., Zannoni, M., and Zonca, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Recent developments of transition-edge sensors (TESs), based on extensive experience in ground-based experiments, have been making the sensor techniques mature enough for their application on future satellite CMB polarization experiments. LiteBIRD is in the most advanced phase among such future satellites, targeting its launch in Japanese Fiscal Year 2027 (2027FY) with JAXA's H3 rocket. It will accommodate more than 4000 TESs in focal planes of reflective low-frequency and refractive medium-and-high-frequency telescopes in order to detect a signature imprinted on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) by the primordial gravitational waves predicted in cosmic inflation. The total wide frequency coverage between 34GHz and 448GHz enables us to extract such weak spiral polarization patterns through the precise subtraction of our Galaxy's foreground emission by using spectral differences among CMB and foreground signals. Telescopes are cooled down to 5Kelvin for suppressing thermal noise and contain polarization modulators with transmissive half-wave plates at individual apertures for separating sky polarization signals from artificial polarization and for mitigating from instrumental 1/f noise. Passive cooling by using V-grooves supports active cooling with mechanical coolers as well as adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators. Sky observations from the second Sun-Earth Lagrangian point, L2, are planned for three years. An international collaboration between Japan, USA, Canada, and Europe is sharing various roles. In May 2019, the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), JAXA selected LiteBIRD as the strategic large mission No. 2., Comment: Journal of Low Temperature Physics, in press

Published
2020
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