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Identity is a construct strongly rooted and still predominantly studied in Western (or WEIRD; Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) contexts (e.g., North American and Western European). Only recently has there been more of a conscious effort to study identity in non-Western (or non-WEIRD) contexts. This edited volume investigates identity from primarily a non-Western perspective by studying non-Western contexts and non-Western, minority, or immigrant groups living in Western contexts. The contributions (a) examine different aspects of identity (e.g., personal identity, social identity, online identity) as either independent or interrelated constructs; (b) consider the associations of these constructs with aspects of intergroup relations, acculturative processes, and/or psychological well-being; (c) document the advancement in research on identity in underrepresented groups, contexts, and regions such as Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and South America; and (d) evaluate different approaches to the study of identity and the implications thereof. This book is intended for cultural or cross-cultural academics, practitioners, educators, social workers, postgraduate students, undergraduate students, and scholars interested in studying identity. It provides insight into how identity in non-Western groups and contexts may both be informed by and may inform Western theoretical perspectives.

This chapter combines developments in the emotion literature with developments in cross-cultural methodology in order to formulate four recommendations that can bridge the gap between relativist and universalist views on cultural variation in emotion. We recommend that researchers (1) specify the emotions or facets of emotions they study, preferably using a multi-componential approach to assessing emotions; (2) check the equivalence across languages and cultures of the emotion vocabulary they use, either by existing data bases or by including the measurement of meaning in their design; (3) specify the level at which they compare emotions across cultures ranging from descriptions of culture-specific constructs to direct comparisons of mean scores, and apply adequate methods to demonstrate the level of comparability claimed; and (4) account for both similarities and differences when they formulate hypotheses, as well as when they interpret their data. These recommendations are illustrated with historical and contemporary cross-cultural emotion research.

Outlet glaciers that flow through the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) experienced changes in ice thickness greater than other coastal regions of Antarctica during glacial maxima. As a result, ice-free areas that are currently exposed may have been covered by ice at various points during the Cenozoic, complicating our understanding of ecological succession in TAM soils. Our knowledge of glacial extent on small spatial scales is limited for the TAM, and studies of soil exposure duration and disturbance, in particular, are rare. We collected surface soil samples and, in some places, depth profiles every 5 cm to refusal (up to 30 cm) from 11 ice-free areas along Shackleton Glacier, a major outlet glacier of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. We explored the relationship between meteoric 10Be and NO3- in these soils as a tool for understanding landscape disturbance and wetting history and as exposure proxies. Concentrations of meteoric 10Be spanned more than an order of magnitude across the region (2.9×108 to 73×108 atoms g−1) and are among the highest measured in polar regions. The concentrations of NO3- were similarly variable and ranged from ∼1 µg g−1 to 15 mg g−1. In examining differences and similarities in the concentrations of 10Be and NO3- with depth, we suggest that much of the southern portion of the Shackleton Glacier region has likely developed under a hyper-arid climate regime with minimal disturbance. Finally, we inferred exposure time using 10Be concentrations. This analysis indicates that the soils we analyzed likely range from recent exposure (following the Last Glacial Maximum) to possibly >6 Myr. We suggest that further testing and interrogation of meteoric 10Be and NO3- concentrations and relationships in soils can provide important information regarding landscape development, soil evolution processes, and inferred exposure durations of surfaces in the TAM.

Plectus murrayiP. murrayiP. murrayiCaenorhabditis elegansP. murrayiP. murrayiP. murrayiP. murrayiP. murrayi

National identity has often been referenced as a culprit in ongoing struggles for rights and freedoms since the inception of modern Turkey. In this chapter, we examine the boundaries of Turkish national identity and the way it has been used in order to consolidate different groups into one. We do so by relying on relevant constructs within social psychology, such as the recognition and nonrecognition of identity and the common ingroup identity model, to shape our argument, while also addressing the historical and sociological background of Turkish identity. We then explore examples from contemporary social psychological research on identity in Kurdish and Alevi groups—groups who are not officially recognized as minorities but who make up the largest minority populations in the country. Our aim is to discuss particular contextual factors of identification, the important antecedents and consequences of that identification, and important points for the study of identity in Turkey.

The Dark Triad traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) capture individual differences in aversive personality to complement work on other taxonomies, such as the Big Five traits. However, the literature on the Dark Triad traits relies mostly on samples from English‐speaking (i.e., Westernized) countries. We broadened the scope of this literature by sampling from a wider array of countries.

Longior surieli n. sp. Fig. 1 A–F, Fig. 2 A–G, Fig. 3 A–E Type material. ♀ holotype, Dominican Republic, La Vega province, Reserva Científica “Ébano Verde”, Sendero El Arroyazo-Casabito; in Antillanax dominicanus; 19°04.42’N, 70°34.18’W; 16/II/2014; G. de los Santos, C. Suriel coll.; CZACC 11.7150. Paratypes 4♀♀, same data as holotype, CZACC 11.7151 –11.7154; 15♂♂, same data as holotype, CZACC 11.7155 –11.7169; ♀, same data as holotype, MNHNSD 05.001; ♂, same data as holotype, MNHNSD 05.002. Description. Female. Body long and slender, widening gradually posterior to head, reaching its maximum width at level of the vulva, then narrowing gradually towards tail. Cuticle thin. Sub-cuticular striae present. Cervical cuticle unarmed, with wide annuli (ca. 8 µm) from the base of the first cephalic annule to ca. the level of the first third of procorpus. Lateral alae well-developed, extending from ca. a body-width posterior to the basal bulb to the level of the anus. Head bearing eight paired, digitiform cephalic papillae, which originate from the external edge of the head, at ca. half of its height. A cuticular, veliform annular lip surrounding the trirradiate oral opening. Amphids lateral, at level of the base of the cephalic papillae. First cephalic annule comparatively long, truncate, slightly dilated. Stoma long and slender, surrounded by an oesophageal collar. Oesophagus consists of a muscular, sub-cylindrical procorpus, its base similar in diameter to the isthmus. Basal bulb rounded, valve-plate well-developed. Intestine simple, sub-rectilinear, its fore region slightly dilated. Rectum comparatively long. Anus as a crescent-like ventromedian slit, anteriorly directed, not prominent. Nerve ring encircling procorpus at ca. 30% of its length. Excretory pore located at ca. half of a body-width posterior to the basal bulb. Vulva a median transverse slit, its lips slightly prominent, located at level of midbody. Vagina muscular, forwardly directed. Genital tract monodelphic-prodelphic, occupying ca. 30% of the body length. Ovary distally reflexed at ca. a body-width posterior to the excretory pore, distal flexure ca. one body-width in length. Oocytes in a single row. Eggs ellipsoidal, bearing eight rough longitudinal ridges in the shell that do not reach the poles. Uterus contains 2– 3 eggs at a time. Tail conical, subulate, ending in a fine tip. Male. Body shorter and comparatively slender than females. Posterior region ventrally curved. Cuticle unarmed, markedly annulated up to the level of the nerve ring, annuli ca. 2 µm. Rest of body with less conspicuous annuli (ca. 1 µm), up to level of the dorsal cuticular thickening. From the base of the head to a distance of ca. 30 µm, the cervical annuli increase their diameter to a maximum of ca. 30 µm, forming a dilatation at the cephalic region. Lateral alae narrow, extending from the last third of the oesophageal region to a distance of ca. 100 µm before the ventromedian pair of copulatory papillae. Head set-off from body by a deep groove, bearing eight ellipsoidal, slightly flattened cephalic papillae arranged as two sub-dorsal and two sub-ventral pairs. Six digitiform lips originate from the internal edge of the cephalic papillae and project to the center of the oral aperture. Lips are arranged as one lip dorsal, one ventral, two sub-dorsal and two sub-ventral; the latter flanking the dorsal and ventral lips, respectively. Amphids lateral, as crescent-like pores. Oesophagus consists of a muscular, sub-cylindrical procorpus, diminishing its diameter toward its posterior half, almost equal to the diameter of the isthmus at the level of their junction. Basal bulb rounded, valve-plate well-developed. Intestine simple, its fore region slightly inflated. Nerve ring encircling procorpus at ca. 45% of its length. Excretory pore located at ca. 1.5 body-widths posterior to the basal bulb. Monorchic, testis outstretched, its distal end located at a distance of a little less than a body-width behind the excretory pore. Vas deferens with three distinguishable regions: an anterior region with granular content; a median, slightly swollen region, also granular (granuli slightly shorter in diameter) and a posterior region that diminishes its diameter through the cloaca. Spicule absent. A ventral bursa-like structure present. The tail tip presents a hammer-like appearance due to a ventral bending and a dorsal knob-like protuberance. Dorsal cuticle of the tail end is thickened and smooth. Such thickening forms a cuticular crest at the tail tip that extends terminally and laterally at the ventral bending. Phasmids pore-like, lateral, located at level of the beginning of the bursa. Four pairs of copulatory papillae, two pre-cloacal and two post-cloacal. A ventromedian large pair consist of duplex papillae very close each other on an ellipsoidal protuberance (appear to be a single papilla in lateral view) at ca. 120–170 µm from the tail tip. A sub-lateral pair of papillae is at ca. the level of the beginning of the dorsal cuticular thickening. The remaining two post-cloacal pairs consist of small papillae: one pair ventral, located at the tip of a papilliform protuberance just posterior to the bursa and one pair ventral, sub-terminal, close to the tail tip, below and in contact with the terminal cuticular crest. Differential diagnosis. Longior surieli n. sp. presents lateral alae extending from ca. a body width posterior to the basal bulb to the level of the anus, similar to the rest of the species of the genus. This feature differentiates it from L. semialata, which possess lateral alae that extend from the level of the vulva to just before the anus (Hunt 1981). In addition, the oesophagus is comparatively shorter in L. surieli n. sp. (b = 4.11–4.52 vs. 3.30–3.70) and the tail is longer than L. semialata (c = 5.31–5.83 vs. 5.80–8.60). Longior surieli n. sp. has a body shorter than L. longicollis, L. longior and L. zumpimito n. sp. (2.550 –2.850 mm vs. 2.980 –3.640 mm vs. 3.500 –4.525 mm vs. 3.110 –3.920 mm). The tail of L. surieli n. sp. is comparatively longer than in the aforementioned species (c = 5.31–5.83 vs. 9.03–9.33 vs. 6.24–8.54 vs. 7.93–9.58). Also, the body of L. surieli n. sp. is comparatively more robust than L. longior and L. zumpimito n. sp. (a = 14.47–15.83 vs. 23.61–28.28 vs. 18.10–22.64). Longior surieli n. sp. is longer than L. elieri and L. panamensis (2.550 –2.850 mm vs. 1.650 –1.950 mm vs. 1.670 –2.060 mm). The body of L. surieli n. sp. is comparatively more robust than L. elieri (a = 14.47–15.83 vs. 17.11–18.44) and its oesophagus is comparatively longer (b = 4.11–4.52 vs. 3.65–3.98). Longior similis differs from L. surieli n. sp. by its tail being comparatively shorter (c = 6.22–6.99 vs. 5.31–5.83) and a genital tract that comprises ca. 40% of the body length, instead of ca. 30% in L. similis. The excretory pore of L. surieli n. sp. is located at ca. a half of a body-width behind the basal bulb, more posterior than in L. lamothei n. sp., with the excretory pore just posterior to the basal bulb. Males of L. surieli n. sp. can be easily differentiated from the aforementioned species by having a swelling next to the head, formed by a group of cuticular annuli, their diameter increased. It can be differentiated from L. longi-collis by its more robust body (a = 11.19–15.50 vs. 21.65–23.79) and a comparatively shorter tail (c = 38.33–58.00 vs. 30.66–32.83). The oesophagus (b = 2.94–3.75 vs. 3.79–3.97) and the tail (c = 38.33–58.00 vs. 62.50–72.00) of L. surieli n. sp. are comparatively longer than L. zumpimito n. sp. Longior surieli n. sp. is slightly longer than L. lamothei n. sp. and L. similis (1.000 –1.550 vs. 0.850 –1.030 vs. 0.860 –1.370 mm). Also, L. lamothei n. sp., L. similis and L. longior lack the hammer-like structure at the tail tip, which is present in L. surieli n. sp. Type locality. Sendero El Arroyazo-Casabito, Reserva Ecológica “Ébano Verde”, La Vega province, Dominican Republic. Type host. Antillanax dominicanus (Doesburg, 1953) (Coleoptera: Passalidae). Site. Hind gut. Etymology. Species named after colleague and friend Carlos Suriel, researcher from the Museo de Historia Natural “Eugenio de Jesús Marcano”, Dominican Republic, and collector of the hosts.

Longior zumpimito n. sp. Fig. 6 A–G, Fig. 7 A–F, Fig. 8 D–F Type material. ♀ holotype, Mexico, Michoacán, Uruapan municipality, Zumpimito Hydroelectric Plant; 19º22’44’’N, 102º04’11’’W; in Passalus punctatostriatus; 24/VII/2014; L. F. de Armas, J. Ponce, A. Quijano, R. Teruel coll.; CZACC 11.7198. Paratypes 8♀♀, same data as holotype, CZACC 11.7199 –11.7206; 3♂♂, same data as holotype, CZACC 11.7207 –11.7209. Description. Female. Body long and comparatively slender, widening gradually posterior to head, reaching its maximum width at level of the vulva, then narrowing gradually towards tail. Cuticle thin. Sub-cuticular striae present. Cervical cuticle unarmed, with wide, barely conspicuous annuli (ca. 5–11 µm) from the base of the first cephalic annule to a short distance before the level of the nerve ring. Lateral alae well-developed, extending from ca. 1–1.5 body-widths posterior to the basal bulb to the level of the anus. Head bearing eight paired, digitiform cephalic papillae arising from the external edge of head, at ca. half of its height. A cuticular, veliform annular lip surrounding the trirradiate oral opening. Amphids lateral, at level of the base of the cephalic papillae. First cephalic annule comparatively long, truncate, slightly dilated, ca. two head-lengths long. Stoma long and slender, surrounded by an oesophageal collar. Oesophagus consists of a muscular, sub-cylindrical procorpus, its base similar in diameter to the isthmus. Basal bulb pyriform, valve-plate well-developed. Intestine simple, sub-rectilinear, its fore region slightly dilated. Rectum comparatively long. Anus as a crescent-like ventromedian slit, anteriorly directed, not prominent. Nerve ring encircling procorpus at ca. 25% of its length. Excretory pore located at ca. 0.5–0.7 body-width posterior to the basal bulb. Vulva a median transverse slit, its lips slightly prominent, located at level of midbody. Vagina muscular, forwardly directed. Genital tract monodelphic-prodelphic, occupying ca. 34% of the body length. Distal end of the ovary reflexed at ca. 1–1.5 body-widths posterior to the excretory pore, distal flexure ca. one body-width long. Oocytes in a single row. Eggs ellipsoidal, bearing eight rough, prominent longitudinal ridges in the shell that do not reach the poles. Gravid females with 1– 5 eggs (more frequently 3–5) at a time in the uterus. Tail conical, subulate, ending in a fine tip. Male. Body comparatively shorter and more slender than females. Posterior region ventrally curved. Cervical cuticle unarmed, markedly annulated up to a little distance before the nerve ring, annuli ca. 2 µm. Rest of body with less conspicuous annuli (ca. 1 µm), up to level of the dorsolateral pair of papillae. Lateral alae narrow, extending from the oesophageal region at level of the posterior half of procorpus to a short distance before the level of the median pair of copulatory papillae. Head set-off from body by a deep groove, bearing eight ellipsoidal, slightly flattened cephalic papillae; arranged as two sub-dorsal and two sub-ventral pairs. Six digitiform lips arise from the internal edge of the cephalic papillae and project to the center of the oral aperture. Lips are arranged as one dorsal lip, one ventral, two sub-dorsal and two sub-ventral. The sub-dorsal and sub-ventral lips flank the dorsal and ventral lips, respectively. Amphids lateral, crescent-like. Oesophagus consists of a muscular, sub-cylindrical procorpus. Basal bulb spherical, valve plate well evident. Intestine simple. Nerve ring encircling procorpus at ca. 40% of its length. Excretory pore ventral, located at ca. 0.5 body-widths posterior to the basal bulb. Monorchic. Testis outstretched, its distal end located at ca. a body-width behind the excretory pore. Vas deferens with three distinguishable regions: an anterior region with granular content; a median, slightly swollen region, also granular (granuli slightly shorter in diameter) and a posterior region that diminishes its diameter through the cloaca. Spicule absent. A bursa-like structure present at the cloaca. The tail tip presents a hammer-like appearance due to a ventral bending and a dorsal knob-like protuberance. Dorsal cuticle of the posterior end thickened and smooth from the tail tip to ca. the midpoint between the ventromedian pair of papillae and tail tip. Thickened end forms a cuticular crest at the tail tip that extends terminally and laterally. Phasmids pore-like, lateral, located at level of the first third of the bursa and at ca. 10 µm from the posterior end. Four pairs of copulatory papillae, two pre-cloacal and two post-cloacal. A large pair of ventro-medial pre-cloacal papillae in close proximity to each other located on an ellipsoidal protuberance (appearing as a single papilla in lateral view) at ca. 100 µm from the tail tip. One sub-lateral pre-cloacal pair of papillae at ca. 50–60 µm from the tail tip, near the level of the beginning of the dorsal cuticular thickening. First post-cloacal pair consists of small papillae, ventral, located at the tip of a papilliform protuberance just posterior to the bursa. Protuberance is posteriorly oriented. Last pair of post-cloacal papillae small, ventral, sub-terminal, close to the tail tip, located below the terminal cuticular crest. Differential diagnosis. The females of L. zumpimito n. sp. can be differentiated from most of the nominal species of the genus by its body length (3.110 –3.920 mm), only similar to L. longior (3.500 –4.525 mm) and L. longicollis (2.980 –3.640 mm). In the rest of the species the female body length is under 3.000 mm, with the exception of L. similis (2.675 –3.075 mm). It differs from L. longior by having the body comparatively more robust (a = 18.10–22.64 vs. 23.61–28.28) and the genital tract occupying ca. 34% of the body length in opposition to ca. 20% in L. longior. Longior zumpimito n. sp. differs from L. longicollis by its more anterior vulva (V% = 49.86–54.89 vs. 57.72–61.81). Longior zumpimito n. sp. can be differentiated from L. semialata by the extension of the lateral alae from a distance of 1–1.5 body-widths posterior to the basal bulb to the level of the anus in opposition to the lateral alae extending from the level of the vulva to the anus. The females of L. zumpimito n. sp. present the tail comparatively shorter than L. elieri, L. lamothei n. sp., L. similis, L. surieli n. sp. and L. panamensis (c = 7.93–9.58 vs. 5.00–5.34 vs. 5.57–6.35 vs. 6.22–6.99 vs. 5.31–5.83 vs. 5.42–6.30). Additionally, L. zumpimito n. sp. presents the oesophagus comparatively shorter than L. elieri and L. panamensis (b = 4.32–4.84 vs. 3.65–3.98 vs. 3.59–4.20). Both, L. lamothei n. sp. and L. surieli n. sp. are more robust than L. zumpimito n. sp. (a = 14.20–16.33 vs. 14.47–15.83 vs. 18.10–22.64). The males of L. zumpimito n. sp. can be differentiated from L. longicollis by its shorter body (1.250 –1.380 mm vs. 1.380 –1.970 mm) and comparatively shorter tail (c = 62.50–72.00 vs. 30.66–32.83). L. zumpimito n. sp. differs from L. lamothei n. sp., L. longior and L. surieli n. sp. by its oesophagus (b = 3.79–3.97 vs. 3.70–3.75 vs. 3.13–3.63 vs. 2.94–3.75) and tail (c = 62.50–72.00 vs. 38.00–46.00 vs. 43.33–51.27 vs. 38.33–58.00) comparatively shorter. Moreover, L. zumpimito n. sp. present the tail comparatively shorter than L. similis (c = 62.50–72.00 vs. 36.40–60.50) and the excretory pore located slightly closer to the base of the basal bulb: ca. 0.5 body-widths in opposition to ca. a body width. Type locality. Zumpimito Hydroelectric Plant, Uruapan municipality, Michoacán, Mexico. Type host. Passalus punctatostriatus Percheron, 1835 (Coleoptera: Passalidae). Site. Hind gut. Etymology. Specific epithet in apposition after the type locality of the new species., Published as part of Morffe, Jans, García, Nayla, Adams, Byron J. & Hasegawa, Koichi, 2020, Three new species of Longior Travassos & Kloss, 1958 (Nematoda Thelastomatoidea: Hystrignathidae) parasites of passalid beetles (Coleoptera Passalidae) from Dominican Republic, Mexico and Colombia, pp. 125-147 in Zootaxa 4877 (1) on pages 139-145, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4877.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4423935, {"references":["Jimenez-Ferbans, L., Gonzalez, D. & Reyes-Castillo, P. (2016) Phylogeny and species delimitation in the group Rhodocanthopus of the genus Passalus (Coleoptera: Passalidae) inferred from morphological and molecular data, with description of two new species. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, 74, 255 - 266."]}