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Introduction: X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets is a hereditary condition causing disruptions in bone mineral homeostasis. The morbidity associated with this condition has exhibited variability in previous decades, possibly stemming from variations in case definitions and diagnostic confirmation procedures. Objective: Our aim was to generate evidence-informed recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with suspected or diagnosed XLH. Methodology: Integration of a literature review with a modified Delphi method, guided by expert consensus. Results: Following the screening and selection of 1041 documents, 41 were chosen to address the queries posed by the developer group. Experts, consulted through a modified Delphi consensus, endorsed 97 recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with suspected or diagnosed XLH. Notably, the quality of the evidence was deemed to be low. Conclusions: The recommendations proposed here will allow early and timely diagnosis of Xlinked hypophosphatemic rickets, while optimizing resources for its treatment and follow-up. In addition, it will help clarify the burden of the disease and improve health outcomes for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to establish the level of efficiency of public health spending in Latin America and verify its relationship with certain institutional characteristics, such as regulatory quality state, participation of the private sector, decentralization and size of the bureaucracy. A stochastic frontier of true random effects is estimated, which relates per capita public spending on health to the neonatal and infant mortality rate and life expectancy after sixty years. The resulting inefficiencies are returned with respect to the set of institutional explanatory variables. It is evidenced the important role of public health spending in obtaining certain levels of health performance. However, its efficiency can be improved, especially via optimizing the regulatory quality of the state. We conclude that Latin America have created complex health systems, but have failed to improve coordination between the system’s actors, which explains inefficiencies. Government stewardship is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Our climate emergency is changing health promotion practice, and we need to increase our efforts. In the 20 years since our journal was published, we have witnessed the pressing challenges incurred by human-caused threats to planetary health. These threats are most profound in communities that are already unjustly under threat from structural factors such as poverty, toxic exposures, and inequitable allocation of resources for promoting their health. Those least responsible for contributing to this emergency, including all living environments in harm's way, will unjustly experience the greatest burdens. This commentary calls for health promotion practice to engage in system change and action in the struggle for climate justice by adopting a planetary health perspective. There must be a just transition from extractive to regenerative economies and actions. We describe our own journey as researchers and health practitioners toward this call for action. We propose a series of system change actions in social, environmental, political, health systems, and health profession education within the scope and responsibility of health promotion practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]