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Purpose – This article aims to explore the integrative role of family education, community, and school in the process of reactualizing the identity and cultural heritage of Betawi, focusing on two main questions: (1) How do family education, school, and community contribute to maintaining and promoting the Betawi culture? Moreover, (2) How do these three elements interact in reactualizing Betawi cultural identity?. Design/methods/approach – This study employs a qualitative approach, mainly historical research, to analyze the evolution and dynamics of Betawi culture. Data were collected through the study of historical and contemporary documents and group discussion forums with experts in Betawi history and culture. The data analysis was conducted using Miles and Huberman's method. Findings – The research reveals that family education, schools, and communities play a significant role in maintaining and promoting Betawi culture. Families contribute to teaching language and customs, schools provide formal education about the history and culture of Betawi, and communities strengthen cultural practices through social and communal activities. This study also highlights the richness and complexity of Betawi culture, consisting of various elements such as language, livelihoods, social systems, occupations, education, beliefs, and arts. Research implications – The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the importance of a multidimensional approach in understanding and preserving Betawi culture. These findings affirm the crucial roles of family education, schools, and communities as integral components in actualizing cultural identity, especially amid the challenges of globalization and modernization. The study also suggests the need for more integrated and comprehensive cultural preservation strategies, considering the influence of history, location, language, and religion.

The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of GO to be used as an adsorbent for five novel potentially hazardous azo-dyes for their removal from aqueous solution. Adsorption characteristics of GO for azo-dyes removal were investigated by means of experimental and computational DFT as well as Monte Carlo approaches. Experimental studies include the effect of adsorbent dose, contact time, and initial concentration, while computational investigation involves DFT and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Through DFT studies geometric, electronic, and thermodynamic parameters were explored and possible mechanism of interactions and adsorption energies by predicted through MC by searching lowest possible adsorption complexes. Experimental data were evaluated by Langmuir models in order to describe the equilibrium isotherms. Equilibrium data fitted well to the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic parameters i.e., free energy change, enthalpy change, and entropy change revealed that the removal of azo-dyes by adsorption on the surface of GO molecular sieves was spontaneous. Nature of the process was found to be physiosorption involving non-covalent interaction. The study unveiled that GO can be used as an efficient adsorbent material for the adsorption of azo-dyes from aqueous solution.

The exploitation of natural products and their analogues in the field of pharmacology has been regarded as of great importance. It can be attributed to the fact that these scaffolds exhibit diverse chemical properties, distinct biological activities and zenith specificity in their biochemical processes, enabling them to act as favorable structures for lead compounds. The synthesis of natural products has been a crafty and hard-to-achieve task. Steglich esterification reaction has played a significant role in that area. It is a mild and efficient technique for constructing ester linkages. This technique involves the establishment of ester moiety via a carbodiimide-based condensation of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol, thiol or an amine catalyzed by dimethyl aminopyridine (DMAP). Specifically, labile reagents with multiple reactive sites are esterified efficiently with the classical and modified Steglich esterification conditions, which accounts for their synthetic utility. This review encloses the performance of the Steglich esterification reaction in forging the ester linkage for executing the total synthesis of natural products and their derivatives since 2018.

The utilization of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials in highly proficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has attracted much attention. Based on TADF material TPA-QNX(CN)2, a series of three-dimensional donor-acceptor (D-A) triptycenes have been designed via structural modification of D-fragment. The influences of different D-fragments with various electron-donating strengths on the singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST), emission wavelength (λem), and electron/hole reorganization energy (λe/λh) are extensively studied by applying density functional theory (DFT) coupled with time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The computed results imply that as the electron-donating strength of the D-fragments increases, the ΔEST value decreases and λem is red-shifted for the molecules using the same acceptor units. Analogously, the 1CT‒3CT state splitting (ΔEST (CT)) is also decreased by enlarging the twist angle (β) between the phenyl ring and alternative D-fragment. Therefore, efficient color tuning within a broad emission range (434–610 nm), as well as small ΔEST (CT) values (0.01–0.05 eV), has been accomplished by structural modification of the D-fragments. The greater electron-donating strength, the smaller ΔEST, and the smaller λh for PPXZ-QNX(CN)2 make it the best candidate among all the designed molecules.

The violet-to-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters were created employing several substituents based on 5,5-dimethyl-5,10-dihydropyrido [2,3-b][1,8] naphthyridine-diphenylsulphone (DMDHPN-DPS) called 1a via “CH/N” and “H/CN” substitutions at the diphenylsulphone acceptor (DPS) moiety. The parent compound 1a was selected from our former work after extensive research employing “CH/N” substitution on Dimethyl-acridine (DMAC) donor moiety. There is a little overlap amid the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and lowest un-occupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) due to the distribution of HOMOs and LUMOs primarily on the DMDHPN donor and the DPS acceptor moieties, respectively. It resulted in a narrower energy gap (∆EST) between the lowest singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) excited state. In nearly all derivatives, the steric hindrance results in a larger torsional angle (85°–98°) between the plane of the DMDHPN and the DPS moieties. The predicted ΔEST values of the compounds with “H/CN” substitution were lower than those of the comparable “CH/N” substituents, demonstrating the superiority of the reversible inter-system crossing (RISC) from the T1 → S1 state. All derivatives have emission wavelengths (λem) in the range of 357–449 nm. The LUMO → HOMO transition energies in the S1 states are lowered by the presence of –CN groups or –N = atoms at the ortho or meta sites of a DPS acceptor unit, causing the λem values to red-shift. Furthermore, the λem showed a greater red-shift as there were more–CN groups or –N = atoms. Three of the derivatives named 1b, 1g, and 1h, emit violet (394 nm, 399 nm, and 398 nm, respectively), while two others, 1f and 1i, emit blue shade (449 nm each) with reasonable emission intensity peak demonstrating that these derivatives are effective violet-to-blue TADF nominees. The lower ΔEST value for derivative 1i (0.01 eV) with λem values of 449 nm make this molecule the finest choice for blue TADF emitter amongst all the studied derivatives. We believe our research might lead to the development of more proficient blue TADF-OLEDs in the future.

Abstract The exclusive features of two‐dimensional (2D) semiconductors, such as high surface‐to‐volume ratios, tunable electronic properties, and biocompatibility, provide promising opportunities for developing highly sensitive biosensors. However, developing practical biosensors that can promptly detect low concentrations of target analytes remains a challenging task. Here, a field‐effect‐transistor comprising n‐type transition metal dichalcogenide tin disulfide (SnS2) is developed over the hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) for the detection of streptavidin protein (Strep.) as a target analyte. A self‐designed receptor based on the pyrene‐lysine conjugated with biotin (PLCB) is utilized to maintain the sensitivity of the SnS2/h‐BN FET because of the π–π stacking. The detection capabilities of SnS2/h‐BN FET are investigated using both Raman spectroscopy and electrical characterizations. The real‐time electrical measurements exhibit that the SnS2/h‐BN FET is capable of detecting streptavidin at a remarkably low concentration of 0.5 pm, within 13.2 s. Additionally, the selectivity of the device is investigated by measuring its response against a Cow‐like serum egg white protein (BSA), having a comparative molecular weight to that of the streptavidin. These results indicate a high sensitivity and rapid response of SnS2/h‐BN biosensor against the selective proteins, which can have significant implications in several fields including point‐of‐care diagnostics, drug discovery, and environmental monitoring.

The heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) gene is a very critical player in cell homeostasis and takes part in heme catabolism. The HMOX1 gene possesses antioxidant, antiapoptotic anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic properties. This study aimed to identify the deleterious SNPs which may alter the functional and structural attributes of the HMOX1 protein.

Hardiness is needed by students when in boarding school. Phenomena experienced by students, such as feelings of not feeling at home, strict rules, busy activities, and adjusting to the conditions of the boarding school. The urgency of the research is to reveal the importance of boarding school-based Reality Counseling as a new innovation that researchers have made in counseling development, which combines boarding school culture with reality counseling developed by William Glasser. The purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between the educational objectives of the boarding school so that santri as humans have a relationship with God, namely as a human spiritual bridge and become a kaffah and tafaqquh fiddin person. The research data is supported by the results of pesantren-based reality counseling experiments conducted on Darul Rahman Ciganjur students, South Jakarta in developing students' spiritual hardiness with effective results in the commitment aspect. The research method in this study used research and development with quasi-experiments, the research subjects as participants were 11 students of class VIII MTs Ciganjur, South Jakarta. The procedure begins with preliminary studies, planning, implementation and results. To measure reality counseling using a questionnaire with statistical tests using the SPSS model. The results showed that reality counseling based on boarding school is effective for developing students' hardiness in the aspect of commitment, namely the average score (mean) of students' hardiness between before and after being given reality counseling services a significant increase in the average score of the commitment aspect, which is 1. It is concluded that this reality counseling can be used as a basis for developing strategies to develop students' hardiness in the aspect of commitment. The implication of the findings of this study is that boarding school can improve programs that can improve the hardiness aspects of students in control and challenge.

BackgroundHypothesis: neuromotor development correlates to body composition over the first year of life in prematurely born infants and can be influenced by enhancing motor activity.MethodsForty-six female and 53 male infants [27 ± 1.8 (sd) weeks] randomized to comparison or exercise group (caregiver provided 15-20 min daily of developmentally appropriate motor activities) completed the year-long study. Body composition [lean body and fat mass (LBM, FM)], growth/inflammation predictive biomarkers, and Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) were assessed.ResultsAIMS at 1 year correlated with LBM (r = 0.32, p