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Proliferative myositis is a rre benign pseudosarcomatous inflammatory process that rapidly grows in muscles. Its clinical and radiological features may, however, simulate a malignant tumor. We report ultrasound and MRI appearances of a 63 years-old woman with no significant anterior pathological history presented to our radiology department with two weeks history of a painful mass in the left musculus latissimus dorsi, increasing progressively in size, without history of recent trauma. This study describes the imaging features of these pseudo inflammatory process, which may help to suggest the diagnosis, but the imaging finding are variable and nonspecific. However, histopathological examination is usually recommended to confirm the diagnosis. In our case, the final diagnosis was proved by ultrasound-guided biopsy. We also review the imaging features of this entity in the current literature., (© 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.)

Considering SARS-CoV-2 as a major differential diagnosis of pneumocystis in HIV-positive patients even if the lesions are typical., Competing Interests: None declared., (© 2021 The Authors. Clinical Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare benign and locally invasive mesenchymal tumor that is found most frequently in women at reproductive age. We report typical CT and MRI appearances of a 36-year old young woman with an aggressive angiomyxoma of the pelvis and perineum that was proved by ultrasound guided biopsy.This study describe the imaging features of theses tumors,wich may help to approch the diagnosis by their distinctive imaging with high signal intensity on T2-weighted image related to the myxomatous stroma and their characteristic of swirling or layering internal pattern after intravenous gadolinium contrast administration.We also review the CT and MRI features of this disease in the current literature., (© 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.)

A 54-years-old woman suffered from a bilateral pelvic and lumbar pain. She had a systemic investigation shows a diffuse bone lesions. A biopsy of iliac bone was done and revealed sarcoidosis. Bony manifestations of sarcoidosis are rare and challenging to diagnose. Our report shows that MRI with diffusion weighted sequences is a simple and non invasive technique to evaluate bone infiltration. It helps to distinguish inflammatory disease from metastatic lesions and to guide the osseous biopsy. Moreover, fluorodeoxyglucose PET scan, are useful in establishing the extent of damage and measuring disease activity., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interests:The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2021.)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerged pandemic disease caused by a new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2). Initially the mortality of this infection are related to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, but several publications also showed that this infection caused an inflammatory response with severe systemic complications [1]. Venous thromboembolism has been shown to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19, both in the general inpatient and in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting, and even in patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation [2]. We report the case of an adult patient who presented a cavernous sinus thrombosis during his hospitalization for COVID-19., (© 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.)

Thymoma is an epithelial neoplasm of the thymus, which commonly lies in the anterior mediastinum. Unusually it can be found in other locations as well. Ectopic thymoma rarely presents as an intrathoracic tumor. We report a case of ectopic thymoma presenting as a giant right intrathoracic tumor, the patient was 51-year-old, and who was presented with heaviness in chest and breathlessness. Detailed investigation including chest computed tomography scan revealed a well-defined large solid tumor in the right thoracic cavity, in this case, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a thymome AB. The tumor was metastatic to the lung. Patient received a neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with favorable evolution., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright: Btissame Es-sabbahi et al.)

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is a very rare pathological entity. It is a chronic fibroinflammatory disease affecting the peritoneum and leading to the formation of diffuse egg-shell-shaped fibrous capsule which totally or locally encapsulate the abdominal viscera, in particular the digestive tract. Clinical signs are little specific and misleading. Medical imaging, including computed tomography, can help clinicians to make a diagnosis, by highlighting a thin peritoneal membrane encompassing an agglutination of digestive loops. Secondary types (postperitoneal dialysis, tuberculosis, medications, postintraperitoneal chemotherapy) are quite common, however idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is very rare and few cases have been reported in the literature. We here report the case of a 53-year-old woman with idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis., Competing Interests: Les auteurs ne déclarent aucun conflit d'intérêts, (Copyright: Nizar El Bouardi et al.)

Optic nerve tuberculoma is a rare extra-pulmonary manifestation of mycobacterial infection. It is usually associated with HIV infected patients. Due to its clinical polymorphism, the diagnosis and management of the disease either in immunocompetent patients and immunocompromised ones remains challenging. Herein, we discuss a case of a 32-year-old patient with no history of immunodeficiency admitted for multifocal tuberculosis with a reduced visual acuity as an extra-pulmonary manifestation, and radiologically revealed the presence of tuberculoma in the optic nerve in the cerebral MRI., (© 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.)

Behçet disease is a rare vasculitis that affects vessels of different body parts, causing different kinds of manifestations. We report a case of a 47 years old woman who had a tumor necrosis factor alfa blocker prescription due to a Behçet's disease relapse. The patient then developed a cerebral and pulmonary tuberculous miliary due to immunodeficiency. The aim of this work is to show that tuberculosis infection is a common complication of the administration of tumor necrosis factor alfa blocker, and the importance to perform a tuberculosis screening before starting the treatment., (© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.)

Diffuse peritoneal leiomyomatosis is a benign peritoneal tumor which develops from smoother muscular fibers. It is a rare entity in females undergoing hormonal effects. This pathological entity is exceptional in male patients. Hence, we report a unique case of diffuse peritoneal leiomyomatosis that occurred in a male patient without hormonal stimulations. The etiopathology and genesis are not completely elucidated. Besides, the clinical symptoms are not specific. The positive diagnosis is based on sets of imaging argument. The anatomicopathological studies allow confirming the diagnosis and reject any tumoral origin. The evolution of the pathology is often favorable. The malignant transformation is exceptional. The treatment is based on abolishing any of the hormonal stimulations. The surgical exeresis is indicated in case of higher peritoneal mass. In case of recurrence or progression, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogs or surgical castrations are indicated., Competing Interests: None

Emergency diagnosis of small bowel volvulus can be established in patients with acute intestinal obstruction, or even shock, or repeated abdominal pain often associated with motility disorders. This is a life-threatening complication of common incomplete mesentery, which is defined as an intestinal malrotation occurring very rarely in adults. Clinical symptoms are non-specific, hence the importance of knowing the radiological features, in particular scannographic features of this rare entity, thus enabling early therapeutic management. We here report the case of a 65-year-old patient admitted with total small bowel volvulus complicating common incomplete mesentery, diagnosed based on abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan and confirmed at surgery, who had favorable outcome., Competing Interests: Les auteurs ne déclarent aucun conflit d´intérêts., (Copyright: Amina Alaoui et al.)

Gayet Wernicke encephalopathy (EGW) is a neurological emergency secondary to thiamine deficiency (vitamin B1). This is more often secondary to chronic alcoholism. The purpose of this study is to remind clinicians of some clinical signs different from ethylism, suggesting EGW as well as to report four cases characterized by different types of anomalies shown by MRI. The average age of patients was 40 years (2 females 2 males). The neurological picture was characterized by disorders of vigilance in all patients, oculomotor disorders in 2 cases, and cerebellar ataxia in one patient. Chronic vomiting was reported in two cases, prolonged fasting in the first case and alcoholism in the second case. MRI of the brain showed anomalies suggesting EGW in all patients with contrast enhancement in one case. Thiamin deficiency was confirmed in two patients. In our context EGW seems to be more frequent in pathological circumstances other than chronic alcoholism (chronic vomiting, severe malnutrition, severe starvation, and chemotherapy...). The clinical signs can suggest other pathologies such as cerebral venous thrombosis, stroke, or other metabolic disorders but MRI excluded them and allowed the diagnosis of EGW. MRI of the brain has an essential role in the diagnosis of EGW. Absence or delay in treatment may influence the prognosis., Competing Interests: Les auteurs ne déclarent aucun conflit d´intérêts., (Copyright: Siham Bouchal et al.)

Hydatidosis is a zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus . Humans are accidentally contaminated by ingesting the parasite´s eggs mainly released through the faeces from infected dogs. Hydatidosis affects the bone in 0.5 to 2% of cases, with 44% of these cases involving in the spine. Vertebral hydatidosis is rare and it represents the most frequent and most dangerous form of bone involvement. This manifestation is extremely delicate, difficult to correctly identify and manage. The authors report two cases of vertebral hydatidosis revealed by medullar compression and increasing lumbar-radicular pain and functional impotence of lower limbs. Imaging showed multicystic bony lesions in lumbar spine. The extension into the spinal canal and to the perivertebral soft tissue were involved in both cases. We present those two cases to highlight the role of radiological exploration for diagnosis especially with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the importance of monitoring this dangerous pathology., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© Younes Dkhissi et al.)

We report the case of a 23 year old female admitted for management of infection by the SARS-COV-2. The chest CT found a spontaneous pneumomediastinum that resorbed over 7 days with a good clinical outcome. We will discuss the mechanism underlying the occurrence of spontaneous pneumomediastinum during a COVID-19 pneumonia., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2020 The Authors.)

The trachea is an unusual site οf primary malignancy. Very few cases οf primary tracheal lymphοma with central airway οbstructiοn have been repοrted sο far. Cοmmοn cοmplaints are dyspnea and cοugh that cοuld mimic a partially refractοry asthma in sοme cases. In this article; we will present the case οf a 63-year-οld wοman diagnοsed with a tracheal lymphοma causing life-threatening airway οbstructiοn, this was cοnfirmed by brοnchοscοpy biοpsy and histοpathοlοgical exminatiοn. The mοrtality depends οn the prοgressiοn οf the disease, the οbstructiοn οf the airway. Hοwever, this entity has a gοοd prοgnοsis if diagnοsed immediately and treated with specific chemοtherapy. This case will shοw that the diagnοsis οf tracheal lymphοma shοuld be kept in mind within the differential diagnοsis οf central airway οbstructiοn., Competing Interests: This manuscript has not been published and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. We have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (© 2020 The Authors.)

We report the case of a 28 year old young man with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, detected at a later stage due to occlusive syndrome manifesting on the scanner as small intestine and colonic distension upstream of a strangulated Bochdalek's diaphragmatic hernia. The patient underwent laparotomy with reduction of the hernia and closure of the diaphragmatic rupture. This study aims to update the current understanding of a rare cause of intestinal obstruction, strangulated Bochdalek's diaphragmatic hernia, whose diagnosis is essentially based on radiological examinations based on the scanner data, which allows early management., Competing Interests: Les auteurs ne déclarent aucun conflit d'intérêts., (© Mustapha Iken et al.)

Jejunal pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication of pancreatitis, usually manifested by digestive bleeding when it ruptures into the digestive lumen. This complication is extremely rare and may be life-threatening. The diagnosis is based on abdominal angiographic computed tomography. Radiology allows therapeutic management through arterial embolization. This case report describes a pseudoaneurysm of jejunal artery that developed as the result of pancreatitis: A 77-year-old man seen in early September 2015 at the emergency department for acute pancreatitis had a pseudocyst infected and spontaneously fistulized into the jejunum lumen. His condition responded initially to symptomatic therapy, and he was discharged. He returned two years later, with digestive bleeding from jejunal pseudoaneurysm that had ruptured into the jejunal lumen. Angiographic embolization was performed as first-line treatment with good outcome. Bleeding more than two years after acute pancreatitis due to rupture of a jejunal pseudoaneurysm is an exceptional complication. Here we report a rare case of digestive hemorrhage caused by jejunal pseudoaneurysm, complicating acute pancreatitis., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Competing Interests: None

Introduction: Tracheal tumors are a rare pathological entity whose diagnosis is usually delayed by clinical latency. Surgery, which consists of a tracheal resection-anastomosis with or without reconstructive reconstruction, remains the treatment that ensures the best long-term survival., Methods: This is a retrospective study about 8 patients admitted in the department of thoracic surgery of Hassan II's university hospital of Fes for tracheal tumors management during 7 years time (December 2010 to December 2017)., Results: There were 6 men and 2 women with an average age of 44.4 years ranged from 17 to 65 years, 4 were smokers. Dyspnea was the main trigger sign. Seven (7) have undergone bronchial fibroscopy diagnostic with a finding of budding process in 5 patients, the middle of the trachea is often concerned in 3 patients, obstructing the lumen of the trachea in almost all patients. The treatment in all patients was surgical with an intubation via the operative field, 4 trachea resection-anastomosis, 4 plasty (Lateral resection with V plasty, Kergin's plasty, Mattey's tracheobronchial anastomosis and widened V-resection to the carina). The most common histological type in our series was Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma in 2 of our patients. For the other patients we have found squamous cell carcinoma (1 case), adenocarcinoma (1 case), atypical carcinoid tumor (1 case), low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma (1 case), an adenoma pleomorph (1 case) and endotracheal goiter (1 case). The operative follow-up was simple in 7 of our patients, all of whom underwent post-operative fibroscopy within an average of 9 days. Two cases of post-operative recurrent palsy had been observed, all of which had progressed well under treatment. We have noted 2 deaths, including one at day 4 post-operative, and the other died from complications of post-radiation tracheal stenosis. Back to 32 months' average follow-up, we have enregistered a case of a distant relapse by cervical lymph node metastasis in one patient, 5 years after surgery., Conclusion: Primary tumors of the trachea remain of reserved prognosis with 5-year survival of 57% of all histological types combined. Computed tomodensitometry and tracheobronchial fibroscopy remain the means of reference exploration in the diagnosis and assessment of surgical resectability.

We here report a case of multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) in the small bowel detected in a patient with peritonitis. The peculiarity of this case study is the intraoperative detection of multifocal small bowel tumor masses, suggesting gastrointestinal stromal tumors on postoperative CT scan. Tumor couldn't be suspected clinically on the basis of peritonitis., Competing Interests: Les auteurs ne déclarent aucun conflit d’intérêts.

Diffuse pulmonary ossification (DPO) is a rare condition that presents with metaplastic mature bone formation in the pulmonary parenchyma. DPO is usually associated with cardiovascular or respiratory disease. We report a case of 75-year-old man with chronic dyspnea, cough, asthenia and low sputum production. A chest x-ray revealed reticular pulmonary infiltrates on both sides. Computed tomography (CT) revealed peripheral, basilar predominant reticular opacities with areas of subpleural cystic change, compatible with fibrosis, fine branching calcifications within areas of linear reticulations were also visible in both mid and lower zones. Based on the clinical presentation and CT results, the patient was diagnosed with diffuse pulmonary ossification associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Despite its rarity, the radiologist must know suggest the diagnosis of DPO especially in the presence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis associated with linear branched calcified densities in areas of fibrosis, avoiding a surgical biopsy that is not stripped of risk.

Creutzfeldt-jakob disease (CJD) is a very rare and fatal disease affecting the central nervous system. It is characterized by mental deterioration leading to progressive dementia, pyramidal and extrapyramidal symptoms as well as myoclonus. Early diagnosis is essential to prevent human-to-human transmission. We here report the case of a 62-year old patient in whom the diagnosis of sporadic CJD was retained based on his clinical status including dementia-related deterioration with myoclonus preceded by behavioral disorders, hallucinations and depression and on brain MRI data showing hyperintensities at the level of the striatum and the cortex on FLAIR and diffusion-weighted imaging sequences., Competing Interests: Les auteurs ne déclarent aucun conflit d'intérêts.

Anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS) is an inflammatory myopathy commonly associated with pulmonary involvement, especially parenchymal (diffuse infiltrative pneumonitis). Extrathoracic manifestations associated with pulmonary involvement can give an indication to the diagnosis: myalgias, polyarthralgias, Raynaud's syndrome, erythematous palmar hyperkeratosis with fissures and fever. Given the suggestive clinical and radiological picture, the presence of aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase antibodies enables to confirm, in particular, Anti Jo-1 antibody activity. Pulmonary involvement is a major prognostic factor, hence the indication for intensive immunosuppressive therapy based on corticosteroids, immunosuppressive medications or the association among them. A better awareness about this disorder revealed by pulmonary manifestations could enable early and adequate management and to improve patient's prognosis., Competing Interests: Les auteurs ne déclarent aucun conflit d´intérêts.

We report a case of Sturge-Weber-Krabbe Syndrome diagnosed in the Department of Radiology at the Hassan II University Hospital in Fes. This study highlights the clinical diagnostic and therapeutic features as well as the evolutionary characteristics of this uncommon neuroradiologic disorder., Competing Interests: Les auteurs ne déclarent aucun conflit d’intérêts.

Objectives: The primary lymphoma of the central nervous system is a cancer rare. The diagnosis of this tumoral entity must be considered as an emergency considering the therapeutical involved. Therefore, we report this entity while reporting diagnostic challenges., Patients and Methods: Unfortunately, the conventional clinical and imaging signs can be confusing and might contribute to delay the diagnosis process of potentially curable pathological entity. The diagnosis confirmation in immunocompetent patients is based on a stereotaxic biopsy., Results and Conclusion: In this paper, we report a case illustrating the contribution of multimodal imaging including diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor MRI, perfusion MRI, and proton MR spectroscopy to the diagnostic approach of the atypical primary lymphoma of the central nervous system., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.