102,478 results on '"Alexander, V."'
Search Results
102. Estimation of traditional numerical characteristics of lognormal distribution laws of a one-dimensional random variable in conditions of a large volume of statistical data
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Lapko, Alexander V. and Lapko, Vasily A.
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- 2024
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103. GET 75-2023 State primary standard of the unit of wave impedance in coaxial waveguides
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Evgrafov, Vladimir I., Konyshev, Alexander V., Konyshev, Nikolay V., and Chervonetsky, Dmitry N.
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- 2024
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104. Lymphocyte Phosphatase-Associated Phosphoprotein (LPAP) as a CD45 Protein Stability Regulator
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Kruglova, Natalia A., Mazurov, Dmitriy V., and Filatov, Alexander V.
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- 2024
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105. Antigenic Cartography of SARS-CoV-2
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Astakhova, Ekaterina A., Morozov, Alexey A., Vavilova, Julia D., and Filatov, Alexander V.
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- 2024
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106. Megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis and embryogenesis of Liparis elliptica (Orchidaceae), with special note to the development of unique unitegmal ovule
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Ryabchenko, Andrey S., Kolomeitseva, Galina L., Babosha, Alexander V., and Koval, Vladimir A.
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- 2024
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107. Modeling and simulation of 3D electrochemical phase formation under mixed kinetic-diffusion growth control
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Kosov, Alexander V. and Grishenkova, Olga V.
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- 2024
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108. Temperature-induced reversal effects of kink dynamics in carbon nanotube on flat substrate
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Savin, Alexander V. and Kovaleva, Margarita
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Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons - Abstract
Carbon nanotubes are nano-objects with quite anisotropic properties, for example the mechanical properties in longitudinal and radial directions differ significantly. This feature of the carbon nanotubes yields many interesting phenomena investigated in last decades. One of them is the ability to form both hollow and collapsed states if the radius of the nanotube is large enough. The transitions between the two states have been also reported. In our study we present single-walled carbon nanotube interacting with a plane substrate and characterize the energy of interaction with the substrate using effective Lennard-Jones-type potential. We show energy of the homogeneous open and collapsed states depending on the radius of the carbon nanotube and report on the bi-stability in some range of the nanotube diameters. Using the molecular-dynamical simulations we look at the evolution of the initial half-opened, half-collapsed state and demonstrate that the transition area from one state to another is spatially localized having features of topological soliton (kink or anti-kink). We show that the value and the direction of the kink propagation speed depend significantly on the nanotube diameter as well as on the temperature of the system. We also discuss the mechanism of the process using a simplified model with asymmetric double-well potential and show the entropic nature of the transition., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures
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- 2023
109. Compound-tunable embedding potential method to model local electronic excitations on $f$-element ions in solids: Pilot relativistic coupled cluster study of Ce and Th impurities in yttrium orthophosphate, YPO$_4$
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Oleynichenko, Alexander V., Lomachuk, Yuriy V., Maltsev, Daniil A., Mosyagin, Nikolai S., Shakhova, Vera M., Zaitsevskii, Andrei, and Titov, Anatoly V.
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Physics - Atomic and Molecular Clusters ,Physics - Chemical Physics ,Physics - Computational Physics - Abstract
A method to simulate local properties and processes in crystals with impurities via constructing cluster models within the frame of the compound-tunable embedding potential (CTEP) and highly-accurate {\it ab initio} relativistic molecular-type electronic structure calculations is developed and applied to the Ce and Th-doped yttrium orthophosphate crystals, YPO$_4$, having xenotime structure. Two embedded cluster models are considered, the "minimal" one, YO$_8$@CTEP$_{\rm min}$, consisting of the central Y$^{3+}$ cation and its first coordination sphere of eight O$^{2-}$ anions (i.~e.\ with broken P--O bonds), and its extended counterpart, Y(PO$_4$)$_6$@CTEP$_{\rm ext}$, implying the full treatment of all atoms of the PO$_4^{3-}$ anions nearest to the central Y$^{3+}$ cation. CTEP$_{\rm min,ext}$ denote here the corresponding cluster environment described within the CTEP method. The relativistic Fock-space coupled cluster (FS RCC) theory is applied to the minimal cluster model to study electronic excitations localized on Ce$^{3+}$ and Th$^{3+}$ impurity ions. Calculated transition energies for the cerium-doped xenotime are in a good agreement with the available experimental data (mean absolute deviation of ca.0.3 eV for $4f{\to}5d$ type transitions). For the thorium-doped crystal the picture of electronic states is predicted to be quite complicated, the ground state is expected to be of the $6d$ character. The uncertainty for the excitation energies of thorium-doped xenotime is estimated to be within 0.35 eV. Radiative lifetimes of excited states are calculated at the FS RCC level for both doped crystals. The calculated lifetime of the lowest $5d$ state of Ce$^{3+}$ differs from the experimentally measured one by no more than twice.
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- 2023
110. Asymptotic freedom in (3+1)-dimensional projectable Horava gravity: connecting ultraviolet to infrared
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Barvinsky, Andrei O., Kurov, Alexander V., and Sibiryakov, Sergey M.
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High Energy Physics - Theory ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
We investigate the renormalization group flow of projectable Horava gravity in $(3+1)$ dimensions generated by marginal operators with respect to the Lifshitz scaling. The flow possesses a number of asymptotically free fixed points. We find a family of trajectories connecting one of these fixed points in the ultraviolet to the region of the parameter space where the kinetic term of the theory acquires the general relativistic form. The gravitational coupling exhibits non-monotonic behavior along the flow, vanishing both in the ultraviolet and the infrared., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures
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- 2023
111. The Fermionic Entanglement Entropy and Area Law for the Relativistic Dirac Vacuum State
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Finster, Felix, Lottner, Magdalena, and Sobolev, Alexander V.
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Mathematical Physics ,Mathematics - Spectral Theory ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
We consider the fermionic entanglement entropy for the free Dirac field in a bounded spatial region of Minkowski spacetime. In order to make the system ultraviolet finite, a regularization is introduced. An area law is proven in the limiting cases where the volume tends to infinity and/or the regularization length tends to zero. The technical core of the paper is to generalize a theorem of Harold Widom to pseudo-differential operators whose principal symbols develop a specific discontinuity at a single point., Comment: 37 pages, LaTeX, many smaller improvements (published version)
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- 2023
112. Time-Reflection of Microwaves by a Fast Optically-Controlled Time-Boundary
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Jones, Thomas R., Kildishev, Alexander V., Segev, Mordechai, and Peroulis, Dimitrios
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Physics - Applied Physics ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
When an electromagnetic (EM) wave is propagating in a medium whose properties are varied abruptly in time, the wave experiences refractions and reflections known as "time-refractions" and "time-reflections", both manifesting spectral translation as a consequence of the abrupt change of the medium and the conservation of momentum. However, while the time-refracted wave continues to propagate with the same wave-vector, the time-reflected wave is propagating backward with a conjugate phase, despite the lack of any spatial interface. Importantly, while time-refraction is always significant, observing time-reflection poses a major challenge - because it requires a large change in the medium occurring within a single cycle. For that reason, time-reflection of EM waves was observed only recently. Here, we present the observation of microwave pulses at the highest frequency ever observed (0.59 GHz), and the experimental evidence of the phase-conjugation nature of time-reflected waves. Our experiments are carried out in a periodically-loaded microstrip line with optically-controlled picosecond-switchable photodiodes. Our system paves the way to the experimental realization of Photonic Time-Crystals at GHz frequencies.
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- 2023
113. Two-body Coulomb problem and hidden $g^{(2)}$ algebra: superintegrability and cubic polynomial algebra
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Turbiner, Alexander V. and Escobar-Ruiz, Adrian M.
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Mathematical Physics ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
It is shown that the two-body Coulomb problem in the Sturm representation leads to a new two-dimensional, exactly-solvable, superintegrable quantum system in curved space with a $g^{(2)}$ hidden algebra and a cubic polynomial algebra of integrals. The two integrals are of orders two and four, they are made from two components of the angular momentum and from the modified Laplace-Runge-Lenz vector, respectively. It is demonstrated that the cubic polynomial algebra is an infinite-dimensional subalgebra of the universal enveloping algebra $U_{g^{(2)}}$., Comment: 7 pages
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- 2023
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114. Mechanical properties of single and polycrystalline solids from machine learning
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Jalolov, Faridun N., Podryabinkin, Evgeny V., Oganov, Artem R., Shapeev, Alexander V., and Kvashnin, Alexander G.
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Physics - Computational Physics - Abstract
Calculations of elastic and mechanical characteristics of non-crystalline solids are challenging due to high computation cost of $ab$ $initio$ methods and low accuracy of empirical potentials. We propose a computational technique towards efficient calculations of mechanical properties of polycrystals, composites, and multi-phase systems from atomistic simulation with high accuracy and reasonable computational cost. It is based on using actively learned machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) trained on a local fragments of the polycrystalline system for which forces, stresses and energies are computed by using $ab$ $initio$ calculations. Developed approach is used for calculation the dependence of elastic moduli of polycrystalline diamond on the grain size. This technique allows one to perform large-scale calculations of mechanical properties of complex solids of various compositions and structures with high accuracy making the transition from ideal (single crystal) systems to more realistic ones.
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- 2023
115. Many-photon scattering and entangling in a waveguide with a {\Lambda}-type atom
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Ilin, Denis and Poshakinskiy, Alexander V.
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Quantum Physics ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
We develop the analytical theory that describes simultaneous transmission of several photons through a waveguide coupled to a $\Lambda$-type atom. We show that after transmission of a short few-photon pulse, the final state of the atom and all the photons is a genuine multipartite entangled state belonging to the W class. The parameters of the input pulse are optimized to maximize the efficiency of three- and four-partite W-state production., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures
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- 2023
116. The art of finding the optimal scattering center(s)
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Kildishev, Alexander V., Achouri, Karim, and Smirnova, Daria
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Physics - Optics - Abstract
The efficient use of a multipole expansion of the far field for rapid numerical modeling and optimization of the optical response from ordered and disordered arrays of various structural elements is complicated by the ambiguity in choosing the ultimate expansion centers for individual scatterers. Since the multipolar decomposition depends on the position of the expansion center, the sets of multipoles are not unique. They may require constrained optimization to get the compact and most efficient spatial spectrum for each scatterer. We address this problem by finding {\em the optimal scattering centers} for which the spatial multipolar spectra become unique. We separately derive these optimal positions for the electric and magnetic parts by minimizing the norm of the poloidal electric and magnetic quadrupoles. Employing the long-wave approximation (LWA) ansatz, we verify the approach with the theoretical discrete models and realistic scatterers. We show that the optimal electric and magnetic scattering centers, in all cases, are not co-local with the centers of mass. The optimal multipoles, including the toroidal terms, are calculated for several structurally distinct scattering cases, and their utility for low-cost numerical schemes, including the generalized T-matrix approach, is discussed. Expansion of the work beyond the LWA is possible, with a promise for faster and universal numerical schemes.
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- 2023
117. Joint continuity in semitopological monoids and semilattices
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Osipov, Alexander V. and Kazachenko, Konstantin
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Mathematics - General Topology ,Mathematics - Group Theory ,Mathematics - Rings and Algebras - Abstract
In this paper we study the separately continuous actions of semitopological monoids on pseudocompact spaces. The main aim of this paper is to generalize Lawson's results to some class of pseudocompact spaces. Also, we introduce a concept of a weak $q_D$-space and prove that a pseudocompact space and a weak $q_D$-space form a Grothendieck pair. As an application of the main result, we investigate the continuity of multiplication and taking inverses in subgroups of semitopological semigroups. In particular, we get that if $(S,\bullet)$ is a Tychonoff pseudocompact semitopological monoid with a quasicontinuous multiplication $\bullet$ and $G$ is a subgroup of $S$, then $G$ is a topological group. Also, we study the continuity of operations in semitopological semilattices., Comment: 12 pages
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- 2023
118. A phononic crystal coupled to a transmission line via an artificial atom
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Bolgar, Aleksey N., Kirichenko, Daniil D., Shaikhaidarov, Rais. S., Sanduleanu, Shtefan V., Semenov, Alexander V., Dmitriev, Aleksey Yu., and Astafiev, Oleg V.
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Quantum Physics - Abstract
We study a phononic crystal interacting with an artificial atom { a superconducting quantum system { in the quantum regime. The phononic crystal is made of a long lattice of narrow metallic stripes on a quatz surface. The artificial atom in turn interacts with a transmission line therefore two degrees of freedom of different nature, acoustic and electromagnetic, are coupled with a single quantum object. A scattering spectrum of propagating electromagnetic waves on the artificial atom visualizes acoustic modes of the phononic crystal. We simulate the system and found quasinormal modes of our phononic crystal and their properties. The calculations are consistent with the experimentally found modes, which are fitted to the dispersion branches of the phononic crystal near the first Brillouin zone edge. Our geometry allows to realize effects of quantum acoustics on a simple and compact phononic crystal.
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- 2023
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119. Defining the Entropy and Internal Energy of a Monetary Schelling model through the Energy States of Individual Agents
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Domenikos, George-Rafael, Laurie, Tyler, Awaji, Sahar, and Mantzaris, Alexander V.
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Physics - Physics and Society ,Statistics - Computation ,37A60 - Abstract
This work investigates a modified Schelling model within the scope and aims of Social Physics. The main purpose is to see if how the concepts of potential and kinetic energy can be represented within a computational sociological system. A monetary value is assigned to all the agents in the Monetary Schelling model and a set of dynamics for how the money is spent upon agent position changes and gradual loss. The introduction of the potential and kinetic energy allows for the entropy to be calculated based upon the distribution of the agent energies and as well as the internal energy of the system at each time point. The results show how the movements of the agents produce identity satisfactions with their neighbors decreasing the internal energy of the system along with the decay in the monetary holdings. Simulations are run where agents are provided monetary values at fixed intervals and this causes a subset of the agents to mobilize and explore new positions for satisfaction and increases the entropy with the internal energy removing the system from the fixed point.
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- 2023
120. Little Rip, Pseudo Rip and bounce cosmology with generalized equation of state in non-standard backgrounds
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Trivedi, Oem and Timoshkin, Alexander V.
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
The discovery of universe's late-time acceleration and dark energy has overseen a great deal of research into cosmological singularities and particularly future singularities. Perhaps the most extreme of such singlarities is the big rip, which has propelled a lot of work into ways of moderating it or seeking out alternatives to it and two such alternatives to the big rip are the Little rip and Pseudo rip. Another possibility to consider the far future of the universe is through bounce cosmologies, which presents its own interesting ideas. So in this work we investigate the Little rip, Pseudo rip and Bounce cosmology in non-standard cosmological backgrounds with a generalized equation of state in the presence of a viscous fluid. In particular we discuss about Chern-Simons cosmology and the RS-II Braneworld and discuss how the exotic and non-conventional nature of gravity in such cosmologies affect universal evolution in these scenarios. We find out that there are very significant differences in the behaviour of such cosmic scenarios in these universes in comparison to how they appear in the simple general relativistic universe., Comment: Matches the accepted version at EPJC, 21 pages, no figures
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- 2023
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121. Nuclear charge radii of silicon isotopes
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König, Kristian, Berengut, Julian C., Borschevsky, Anastasia, Brinson, Alex, Brown, B. Alex, Dockery, Adam, Elhatisari, Serdar, Eliav, Ephraim, Ruiz, Ronald F. Garcia, Holt, Jason D., Hu, Bai-Shan, Karthein, Jonas, Lee, Dean, Ma, Yuan-Zhuo, Meißner, Ulf-G., Minamisono, Kei, Oleynichenko, Alexander V., Pineda, Skyy, Prosnyak, Sergey D., Reitsma, Marten L., Skripnikov, Leonid V., Vernon, Adam, and Zaitsevski, Andrei
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Nuclear Experiment ,Nuclear Theory - Abstract
The nuclear charge radius of $^{32}$Si was determined using collinear laser spectroscopy. The experimental result was confronted with ab initio nuclear lattice effective field theory, valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group, and mean field calculations, highlighting important achievements and challenges of modern many-body methods. The charge radius of $^{32}$Si completes the radii of the mirror pair $^{32}$Ar - $^{32}$Si, whose difference was correlated to the slope $L$ of the symmetry energy in the nuclear equation of state. Our result suggests $L \leq 60$\,MeV, which agrees with complementary observables.
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- 2023
122. Exploring van der Waals materials with high anisotropy: geometrical and optical approaches
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Slavich, Aleksandr S., Ermolaev, Georgy A., Tatmyshevskiy, Mikhail K., Toksumakov, Adilet N., Matveeva, Olga G., Grudinin, Dmitriy V., Mazitov, Arslan, Kravtsov, Konstantin V., Syuy, Alexander V., Tsymbarenko, Dmitry M., Mironov, Mikhail S., Novikov, Sergey M., Kruglov, Ivan, Ghazaryan, Davit A., Vyshnevyy, Andrey A., Arsenin, Aleksey V., Volkov, Valentyn S., and Novoselov, Kostya S.
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Physics - Optics ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
The emergence of van der Waals (vdW) materials resulted in the discovery of their giant optical, mechanical, and electronic anisotropic properties, immediately enabling countless novel phenomena and applications. Such success inspired an intensive search for the highest possible anisotropic properties among vdW materials. Furthermore, the identification of the most promising among the huge family of vdW materials is a challenging quest requiring innovative approaches. Here, we suggest an easy-to-use method for such a survey based on the crystallographic geometrical perspective of vdW materials followed by their optical characterization. Using our approach, we found As2S3 as a highly anisotropic vdW material. It demonstrates rare giant in-plane optical anisotropy, high refractive index and transparency in the visible range, overcoming the century-long record set by rutile. Given these benefits, As2S3 opens a pathway towards next-generation nanophotonics as demonstrated by an ultrathin true zero-order quarter-waveplate that combines classical and the Fabry-Perot optical phase accumulations. Hence, our approach provides an effective and easy-to-use method to find vdW materials with the utmost anisotropic properties., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures
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- 2023
123. Master Integrals for Four-Loop Massless Form Factors
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Lee, Roman N., von Manteuffel, Andreas, Schabinger, Robert M., Smirnov, Alexander V., Smirnov, Vladimir A., and Steinhauser, Matthias
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
We present analytical results for all master integrals for massless three-point functions, with one off-shell leg, at four loops. Our solutions were obtained using differential equations and direct integration techniques. We review the methods and provide additional details., Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, files with analytical results at https://www.ttp.kit.edu/preprints/2023/ttp23-034/
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- 2023
124. On diversifying stable assignments
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Karzanov, Alexander V.
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Mathematics - Combinatorics ,91C02, 91C78 - Abstract
We consider the stable assignment problem on a graph with nonnegative real capacities on the edges and quotas on the vertices, in which the preferences of agents are given via diversifying choice functions. We prove that for any input of the problem, there exists exactly one stable assignment, and propose a polynomial time algorithm to find it., Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure. At the end of updated version, a generalization to hypergraphs is briefly discussed
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- 2023
125. Author Correction: Insights into polycrystalline microstructure of blood films with 3D Mueller matrix imaging approach
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Ushenko, Alexander G., Sdobnov, Anton, Soltys, Irina V., Ushenko, Yuriy A., Dubolazov, Alexander V., Sklyarchuk, Valery M., Olar, Alexander V., Trifonyuk, Liliya, Doronin, Alexander, Yan, Wenjun, Bykov, Alexander, and Meglinski, Igor
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- 2024
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126. Insights into polycrystalline microstructure of blood films with 3D Mueller matrix imaging approach
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Ushenko, Alexander G., Sdobnov, Anton, Soltys, Irina V., Ushenko, Yuriy A., Dubolazov, Alexander V., Sklyarchuk, Valery M., Olar, Alexander V., Trifonyuk, Liliya, Doronin, Alexander, Yan, Wenjun, Bykov, Alexander, and Meglinski, Igor
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- 2024
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127. A combination treatment based on drug repurposing demonstrates mutation-agnostic efficacy in pre-clinical retinopathy models
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Leinonen, Henri, Zhang, Jianye, Occelli, Laurence M, Seemab, Umair, Choi, Elliot H, L.P. Marinho, Luis Felipe, Querubin, Janice, Kolesnikov, Alexander V, Galinska, Anna, Kordecka, Katarzyna, Hoang, Thanh, Lewandowski, Dominik, Lee, Timothy T, Einstein, Elliott E, Einstein, David E, Dong, Zhiqian, Kiser, Philip D, Blackshaw, Seth, Kefalov, Vladimir J, Tabaka, Marcin, Foik, Andrzej, Petersen-Jones, Simon M, and Palczewski, Krzysztof
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Ophthalmology and Optometry ,Genetics ,Neurosciences ,Neurodegenerative ,Orphan Drug ,Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision ,Rare Diseases ,5.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Eye ,Animals ,Drug Repositioning ,Mice ,Disease Models ,Animal ,Dogs ,Retinitis Pigmentosa ,Mutation ,Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases ,Type 6 ,Receptors ,G-Protein-Coupled ,Mice ,Knockout ,Leber Congenital Amaurosis ,Bromocriptine ,cis-trans-Isomerases ,Humans ,Drug Therapy ,Combination ,Mice ,Inbred C57BL ,Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells ,Female ,Cyclic AMP ,Retinal Degeneration ,Male ,Calcium - Abstract
Inherited retinopathies are devastating diseases that in most cases lack treatment options. Disease-modifying therapies that mitigate pathophysiology regardless of the underlying genetic lesion are desirable due to the diversity of mutations found in such diseases. We tested a systems pharmacology-based strategy that suppresses intracellular cAMP and Ca2+ activity via G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) modulation using tamsulosin, metoprolol, and bromocriptine coadministration. The treatment improves cone photoreceptor function and slows degeneration in Pde6βrd10 and RhoP23H/WT retinitis pigmentosa mice. Cone degeneration is modestly mitigated after a 7-month-long drug infusion in PDE6A-/- dogs. The treatment also improves rod pathway function in an Rpe65-/- mouse model of Leber congenital amaurosis but does not protect from cone degeneration. RNA-sequencing analyses indicate improved metabolic function in drug-treated Rpe65-/- and rd10 mice. Our data show that catecholaminergic GPCR drug combinations that modify second messenger levels via multiple receptor actions provide a potential disease-modifying therapy against retinal degeneration.
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- 2024
128. CAGI, the Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation, establishes progress and prospects for computational genetic variant interpretation methods
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Jain, Shantanu, Bakolitsa, Constantina, Brenner, Steven E, Radivojac, Predrag, Moult, John, Repo, Susanna, Hoskins, Roger A, Andreoletti, Gaia, Barsky, Daniel, Chellapan, Ajithavalli, Chu, Hoyin, Dabbiru, Navya, Kollipara, Naveen K, Ly, Melissa, Neumann, Andrew J, Pal, Lipika R, Odell, Eric, Pandey, Gaurav, Peters-Petrulewicz, Robin C, Srinivasan, Rajgopal, Yee, Stephen F, Yeleswarapu, Sri Jyothsna, Zuhl, Maya, Adebali, Ogun, Patra, Ayoti, Beer, Michael A, Hosur, Raghavendra, Peng, Jian, Bernard, Brady M, Berry, Michael, Dong, Shengcheng, Boyle, Alan P, Adhikari, Aashish, Chen, Jingqi, Hu, Zhiqiang, Wang, Robert, Wang, Yaqiong, Miller, Maximilian, Wang, Yanran, Bromberg, Yana, Turina, Paola, Capriotti, Emidio, Han, James J, Ozturk, Kivilcim, Carter, Hannah, Babbi, Giulia, Bovo, Samuele, Di Lena, Pietro, Martelli, Pier Luigi, Savojardo, Castrense, Casadio, Rita, Cline, Melissa S, De Baets, Greet, Bonache, Sandra, Diez, Orland, Gutierrez-Enriquez, Sara, Fernandez, Alejandro, Montalban, Gemma, Ootes, Lars, Ozkan, Selen, Padilla, Natalia, Riera, Casandra, De la Cruz, Xavier, Diekhans, Mark, Huwe, Peter J, Wei, Qiong, Xu, Qifang, Dunbrack, Roland L, Gotea, Valer, Elnitski, Laura, Margolin, Gennady, Fariselli, Piero, Kulakovskiy, Ivan V, Makeev, Vsevolod J, Penzar, Dmitry D, Vorontsov, Ilya E, Favorov, Alexander V, Forman, Julia R, Hasenahuer, Marcia, Fornasari, Maria S, Parisi, Gustavo, Avsec, Ziga, Celik, Muhammed H, Thi, Yen Duong Nguyen, Gagneur, Julien, Shi, Fang-Yuan, Edwards, Matthew D, Guo, Yuchun, Tian, Kevin, Zeng, Haoyang, Gifford, David K, Goke, Jonathan, Zaucha, Jan, Gough, Julian, Ritchie, Graham RS, Frankish, Adam, Mudge, Jonathan M, Harrow, Jennifer, Young, Erin L, and Yu, Yao
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Biological Sciences ,Genetics ,Human Genome ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,Computational Biology ,Mutation ,Missense ,Phenotype ,Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation Consortium ,Environmental Sciences ,Information and Computing Sciences ,Bioinformatics - Abstract
BackgroundThe Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation (CAGI) aims to advance the state-of-the-art for computational prediction of genetic variant impact, particularly where relevant to disease. The five complete editions of the CAGI community experiment comprised 50 challenges, in which participants made blind predictions of phenotypes from genetic data, and these were evaluated by independent assessors.ResultsPerformance was particularly strong for clinical pathogenic variants, including some difficult-to-diagnose cases, and extends to interpretation of cancer-related variants. Missense variant interpretation methods were able to estimate biochemical effects with increasing accuracy. Assessment of methods for regulatory variants and complex trait disease risk was less definitive and indicates performance potentially suitable for auxiliary use in the clinic.ConclusionsResults show that while current methods are imperfect, they have major utility for research and clinical applications. Emerging methods and increasingly large, robust datasets for training and assessment promise further progress ahead.
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- 2024
129. Amplitudes, supersymmetric black hole scattering at OG5, and loop integration
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Bern, Zvi, Herrmann, Enrico, Roiban, Radu, Ruf, Michael S., Smirnov, Alexander V., Smirnov, Vladimir A., and Zeng, Mao
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- 2024
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130. Coupling between 2-pyridylselenyl chloride and phenylselenocyanate: synthesis, crystal structure and non-covalent interactions
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Ayalew W. Temesgen, Alexander G. Tskhovrebov, Alexey A. Artemjev, Alexey S. Kubasov, Alexander S. Novikov, Alexander V. Borisov, Anatoly A. Kirichuk, Andreii S. Kritchenkov, and Tuan Anh Le
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crystal structure ,non-covalent interactions ,chalcogen heterocycles ,chalcogen bonding ,Crystallography ,QD901-999 - Abstract
A new pyridine-fused selenodiazolium salt, 3-(phenylselanyl)[1,2,4]selenadiazolo[4,5-a]pyridin-4-ylium chloride dichloromethane 0.352-solvate, C12H9N2Se2+·Cl−·0.352CH2Cl2, was obtained from the reaction between 2-pyridylselenenyl chloride and phenylselenocyanate. Single-crystal structural analysis revealed the presence of C—H...N, C—H...Cl−, C—H...Se hydrogen bonds as well as chalcogen–chalcogen (Se...Se) and chalcogen–halogen (Se...Cl−) interactions. Non-covalent interactions were explored by DFT calculations followed by topological analysis of the electron density distribution (QTAIM analysis). The structure consists of pairs of selenodiazolium moieties arranged in a head-to-tail fashion surrounding disordered dichloromethane molecules. The assemblies are connected by C—H...Cl− and C—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming layers, which stack along the c-axis direction connected by bifurcated Se...Cl−...H—C interactions.
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- 2024
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131. Prospective evaluation of the extensibility of the ascending aorta wall and its vascular prosthesis in a patient with an aneurysm with technically flawless surgical correction and postoperative decrease in functional parameters: A case report
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Alexander V. Friedman, Tatiana A. Bergen, Dmitry A. Sirota, Boris N. Kozlov, Irina Yu. Zhuravleva, Alexandra R. Tarkova, Wladimir Yu. Ussov, and Alexander M. Chernyavskiy
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aneurysm of the ascending aorta ,prosthetics of the ascending aorta ,extensibility ,young’s modulus ,systolic stretching of the aorta ,coronary blood supply to the myocardium ,case report ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 - Abstract
In this clinical case, a patient who had an instrumentally detected aneurysm with the lumen expanding up to 60 mm underwent a surgically flawless prosthetic replacement of the ascending aorta. This treatment led to decreased exercise tolerance, decreased contractile function of the left ventricular myocardium at rest, and enlarged pulmonary artery. The leading factor was a decrease in the volume of systolic expansion of the aorta down to 5 mL (at the initial 13 mL), despite a noticeable increase in the extensibility and a decrease in mechanical stiffness compared with initial indexes of the affected aortic wall. In the literature review, considering mechanical extensibility and elasticity, problems in creating aortic prostheses equivalent to those for healthy biological tissues were discussed.
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- 2024
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132. Optimization of magnetic resonance imaging of the hand
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Yuriy A. Vasilev, Dmitry S. Semenov, Alexey V. Petraikin, Andrey A. Uchevatkin, Liya R. Abuladze, Alexander V. Bazhin, and Dariya E. Sharova
- Subjects
magnetic resonance imaging ,hand ,wrist ,optimization ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging is one of the leading imaging modalities of the musculoskeletal system. However, when imaging the hand, major problems in magnetic resonance imaging include the lack of specialized coils and reliable fixation devices for the hand, uncomfortable patient posture, motion artifacts, and small anatomical structures in the wrist. These factors inevitably lead to incorrect interpretation. AIM: To improve the quality of magnetic resonance imaging of the hand by developing an approach to coil selection, scanning protocol, and hand positioning and fixation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A positioning device was developed to prevent hand movements. Two types of coils were evaluated. Magnetic resonance images were evaluated comparatively, as well as by a musculoskeletal radiologist. RESULTS: А head coil is more appropriate when scanning the entire hand, for example, in rheumatic diseases. A knee coil is more appropriate when studying smaller anatomical structures (including the wrist) owing to a smaller field of view and higher resolution. Based on the obtained data, guidelines for the selection of scanning parameters, sequences, and coils for magnetic resonance imaging of the hand were formulated. To prevent motion artifacts, a special fixation device of the patient’s hand was introduced. CONCLUSION: Certain factors directly affect the qualitative magnetic resonance imaging study of the hand, such as safety protocols, scanning parameters, and hand fixation. The guidelines presented in this study and the use of the developed specialized fixation device may improve the quality of magnetic resonance imaging of the hand.
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- 2024
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133. Practices of Grassroots Civic Activity in the Yaroslavl Region: Problems and Results of Implementation
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Alexander V. Sokolov and Alexander A. Frolov
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grassroots civic activity ,yaroslavl region ,civic engagement ,territorial public self-government ,Regional economics. Space in economics ,HT388 - Abstract
Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing importance and complexity of horizontal public relations in socio-political processes, an increase in the number of practices of grassroots civic activity at the regional and local levels, including the use of new information and communication technologies. The purpose of the article is to identify the causes of initiation, the specifics of the organization and practical implementation of grassroots civic activity, as well as the specifics of the interaction of its key actors in modern socio-political conditions in the Yaroslavl region. Materials and Methods. The empirical basis of the study is 21 practices of grassroots civic engagement in the Yaroslavl region, the analysis of which was carried out by the case-study method with elements of comparative analysis. The case-study method made it possible to study these practices of grassroots civic engagement in their complexity and integrity, and also identified their key characteristics and factors influencing them. Results. A comparison of the main practices of grassroots civic engagement that have taken place in the Yaroslavl region in recent years has been made. The main mechanisms and subjects of grassroots civic engagement, processes of interaction between actors are identified. The role of information and communication technologies in the organization of grassroots civic engagement was determined. The problems of grassroots civic engagement organization and interaction of its key actors were also outlined. Discussion and Сonclusion. The study revealed the key characteristics of grassroots civic activity: significant actors, theirs goals, motives, resources and methods of action, features of media coverage and the use of information and communication technologies. The results of the study will be useful for improving the efficiency of the work of local authorities with various formal and informal organizations and associations of citizens. They will help to build work with these groups, taking into account the identified features in the implementation of practices of grassroots civil initiatives in the Yaroslavl region.
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- 2024
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134. Brain Mechanisms for Concept Formation Based Exclusively on the Visual Modality
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Anna P. Kamaniuk and Alexander V. Vartanov
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concept formation ,associative learning ,indirect learning ,visual word recognition ,event related potentials ,eeg ,Education ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Background. The problem of concept formation in the visual modality remains largely unexplored. There are many studies on the formation of verbal concepts in the learning process. However, it has not yet been fully investigated how concept formation occurs in conditions when both the signified and the signifier (sign) are represented only in the visual modality and what brain mechanisms are involved in this process. Objectives. The aim of the present work was to identify the brain mechanisms of visual concepts formation, on the basis of EEG registration with subsequent localization of the sources of electrical activity. Another task is to evaluate the possibility of actualizing the process of indirect learning in the formation of visual concepts. Study Participants. 26 Russian-speaking subjects without neurological disorders: 10 males and 16 females (aged 18 to 40 years, mean age 22.92 years, SD = 6.38) participated in the study. Methods. Chinese hieroglyphs, unfamiliar to the subjects, were taken as signs. The designated ones were emoticons (schematic faces expressing various emotions). A total of 10 pairs of stimuli sign-designated were presented. A 19-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in three successive series: 1) the initial perception of hieroglyphic signs without assigning them a category; 2) categorization of these signs in the process of associative learning, with only 8 designating stimuli-signs directly associated with the designated stimulus, while 2 stimuli-signs were never associated with the stimulus-designator, their meaning was established indirectly; 3) subsequent perception of signs with the meaning already assigned to them. All stimuli were presented to the subjects visually. A new method of localization of brain activity, “Virtually implanted electrode”, developed by A.V. Vartanov (patent RU No. 2 785 268) was applied. Results. The analysis of the subjects' responses showed that during the learning process all signs (including those formed indirectly) were assigned a certain meaning (designated). Differences in event-related potentials (ERP) were found in leads C3 and CZ. Significant differences in ERP as a result of learning were revealed in a number of brain structures. It was found that a number of functional connections between the left area of the secondary visual cortex and the right part of the cerebellum changed significantly as a result of learning. Conclusions. The development of visual categories is ensured by the coordinated work of the right part of the cerebellum, parahippocampal gyrus and primary visual cortex, which is confirmed by the discovered differences in the corresponding ERPs.
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- 2024
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135. Dynamics of Gear Shifting Processes of Dual-Clutch Automatic Transmissions in Integrated Powertrains of Battery Electric Vehicles
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Leonid G. Krasnevskiy, Sergey N. Poddubko, and Alexander V. Belevich
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battery electric vehicles ,integrated powertrains ,automatic transmissions ,dual-clutch transmissions ,Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 - Abstract
In connection with the beginning transition of mass-produced battery electric vehicle (BEV) powertrains from single-gear gearboxes to specially configured automatic transmissions (AT), the number of publications devoted to justification and research of their architecture, as well as optimization of applied design solutions, is rapidly increasing. A large number of publications focus on dual-clutch AT (i. e. DCT) with two clutches (or frictions) in the first stage application. A clear recent trend in their subject matter is a shift of interest in DCT control, especially in transient automatic gear shifting with joint control of the motorgenerator (MG) and frictions in an integrated powertrain. It is shown that smoothness of shifting here is of no less importance than in classical AT, not only because of shift shocks, which deteriorate comfort, but also because of the possibility of excitation of oscillating modes in the electric drive. The paper analyzes several published variants of a strategy for controlling such shifting processes and their computer and physical implementation. We believe that, given the lack of Russian-language materials on this subject, this information is published for the first time.
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- 2024
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136. Methodology for Estimating the Lifetime Consumption of Fire Tankers
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Evgeny G. Kazutin, Alexander V. Kovalenko, Arkadiy M. Goman, and Andrey S. Skorokhodov
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fire tanker truck ,physical wear ,mileage ,operating time ,lifetime consumption ,assessment methodology ,Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 - Abstract
The results of previously performed studies are summarized, and a methodology for estimating the lifetime consumption of fire tankers is presented. The proposed methodology takes into account the specific features of the practical operation of a fire truck, as well as its integral part — the tank, which has a significant impact on the loss of the lifetime of the vehicle as a whole. The methodology combines computational and statistical methods, and also develops an approach based on taking into account two interdependent factors: mileage and operating time. In combination, this makes it possible to differentially determine the lifetime consumption of fire tankers, taking into account the weighted average consumption of the lifetime potential of their main components. At the same time, to the known five typical groups of the main parts of the vehicle, which have a similar nature of lifetime loss depending on mileage (conditions, nature of loading and damage processes) and operating time, in the case of a tanker truck, it is proposed to add another characteristic group, tanks, using a dependence for assessing its lifetime, taking into account the lifetime consumption for corrosion wear. An example of calculating the lifetime consumption of a fire tanker is given. The results obtained show values corresponding to the actual processes of obsolescence. Scope of application of the results obtained is: assessment of the condition of a fire truck and its tank after long-term storage; extension of the operation of a fire tanker after the expiration of the established service life; extension of the service life after major repairs; extension of the service life after the main lifetime work out; decision on the expediency of repair or decommissioning of a tanker truck.
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- 2024
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137. Features of Limiting State Diagrams for Active Systems under Mechano-Sliding Fatigue
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Alexander V. Bogdanovich
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mechano-sliding fatigue ,active system ,limiting state diagram ,fatigue limit ,energy criterion ,direct effect ,reverse effect ,Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 - Abstract
Experimental diagrams of limiting states of active systems under conditions of mechano-sliding fatigue are presented, as well as their analytical description. A graphical representation of the proposed equations for limit stresses (limits of mechano-sliding fatigue) is given based on the energy criterion of limiting states in the form of multicriteria diagrams of limiting states of various active systems (the ordinate axis on them serves as a strength scale, and the abscissa axis – as a tribological scale). Analysis of the proposed equations for limiting stresses, experimental diagrams of limiting states of different active systems showed that: 1) processes of friction and wear, depending on the conditions of their implementation, can significantly reduce, as well as significantly increase, the fatigue resistance of the active system; 2) cyclic stresses, depending on the test conditions, can both significantly reduce and increase the wear resistance of the active system.
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- 2024
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138. Androgens contribute to sex bias of autoimmunity in mice by T cell-intrinsic regulation of Ptpn22 phosphatase expression
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Jean Lee, Leonid A. Yurkovetskiy, Derek Reiman, Lara Frommer, Zoe Strong, Anthony Chang, George J. Kahaly, Aly A. Khan, and Alexander V. Chervonsky
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) display a strong female bias. Although sex hormones have been associated with protecting males from autoimmunity, the molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we report that androgen receptor (AR) expressed in T cells regulates genes involved in T cell activation directly, or indirectly via controlling other transcription factors. T cell-specific deletion of AR in mice leads to T cell activation and enhanced autoimmunity in male mice. Mechanistically, Ptpn22, a phosphatase and negative regulator of T cell receptor signaling, is downregulated in AR-deficient T cells. Moreover, a conserved androgen-response element is found in the regulatory region of Ptpn22 gene, and the mutation of this transcription element in non-obese diabetic mice increases the incidence of spontaneous and inducible diabetes in male mice. Lastly, Ptpn22 deficiency increases the disease severity of male mice in a mouse model of SLE. Our results thus implicate AR-regulated genes such as PTPN22 as potential therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases.
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- 2024
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139. Recommendations for creating a trust infrastructure in the interests of the digital ruble system
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Dmitry A. Melnikov, Dmitry A. Budnikov, Irina G. Konnova, and Alexander V. Kubaev
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digital ruble, trust, public key infrastructure, cryptographic information protection, authentication, certificate, information security. ,Information technology ,T58.5-58.64 ,Information theory ,Q350-390 - Abstract
Problem description. One of the areas of digital transformation of Russian society is the development and implementation of the National Digital Ruble System (DR) in the credit and financial sphere (CFS) of the economy of the Russian Federation. The National DR system should be based on the information technology infrastructure (ITI) for ensuring information security (IS). In fact, the ITI for ensuring IS is a trust infrastructure (ITIT) based on the public key infrastructure (PKI). ITIT should have a number of functional properties, including identification and authentication of objects and subjects of electronic financial transactions, protection of the integrity and confidentiality of data and the electronic financial transactions themselves, implementation of the principle of non-repudiation of the parties to information interaction. At the same time, the absence of ITIT in the National DR System can completely discredit the very idea of digitalization of the CFS, associated with the absence of any guarantees of reliability and trust in the National DR System, based on the implementation of the entire range of methods and means of cryptographic protection of information (electronic financial transactions), including systems for managing cryptographic keys. The absence of comprehensive protection of the National DR System will entail risks and problems in ensuring IS, which can negatively affect individuals, groups, organizations, sectors of the economy and society as a whole. Goals. To propose and analyze a heuristic model of DR and a model of functional and structural ITIT, which solves the main problems of ensuring IS of the National DR System, associated primarily with confirmation of the authenticity and ownership of DR, as well as the protection of electronic payment transactions and the possibility of withdrawing (withdrawing from circulation) DR immediately (on-line) after detection of its compromise. Results. The article presents a heuristic (hypothetical) model of C₽ and describes the DR format (as an information object) that includes cryptographically linked information blocks and public key certificates issued by accredited certification authorities using electronic signatures. A functional and structural model of the ITIT of the National DR System is proposed. The composition, main elements of the ITIT structure, as well as their goals and implemented functions are described. The results of the analysis of trust assurance based on the PKI of the Bank of Russia (BR) are presented. Practical significance. The heuristic (hypothetical) model of DR, the functional and structural model of the ITIT of the National DR System and the results of the analysis of trust assurance based on the PKI of the BR are of great practical significance in the development and implementation of the National DR System in the CFS of the Russian Federation economy. Conclusions. The results obtained will increase the level of security and trust in the National DR System of the citizens, businesses and credit and financial institutions.
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- 2024
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140. Nanostructural changes in the components of chrysotilecement dust under the influence of different levels of acidity and exposure time
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Sergey V. Klyuev, Lyudmila N. Naumova, Igor V. Nedoseko, Alexander V. Klyuev, and Elena S. Shorstova
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commercial chrysotile ,chrysotile cement dust ,micro- and nanofibers ,hydration products ,acidity of the medium ,quantitative and dimensional characteristics ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
Introduction. The article considers the issue of modifying the initial chrysotile fiber and its bundles by the action of hydration products of Portland cement and various acidity value of the treated medium. A brief justification of the relevance of the research topic is provided. It is noted that recently, issues of production of composite materials based on natural and man-made raw materials, which are a promising area of modern economics, have aroused great scientific and practical interest. The availability and low cost of raw materials, as well as low energy, transportation, and overhead costs, contribute to reducing the cost of composite materials. At the same time, the high contractual prices and strong demand in both domestic and foreign markets provide incentives for increasing production volumes. The aim of the research is to study the behavior of the initial chrysotile fibers and their aggregates in the composition of the cement component under the influence of different acidity of the treated medium. Research objective: to investigate the behavior of chrysotile cement dust components under an aggressive environmental condition with electron microscopy examination; calculation of the number and dimensional characteristics of nanofibers and dust particles under the influence of various exposure times of the aggressive factor; microdifraction studies of the nanostructure of the studied samples after exposure to acidic media. Materials and methods. The materials used in the research and their characteristics are given, in particular, chrysotile cement dust containing fibers of commercial chrysotile, acidity of the medium, exposure time, micro- and nanofibers obtained after exposure to aggressive medium. Samples of chrysotile cement dust were taken at the slate production No.1 of JSC “BelACI” and collected at the place of sawing of chrysotile cement products, underwent the stage of dispersion using a centrifugal separator. In the work chrysotile cement dust was used as an object of environmental pollution and its further use in the production of composite chrysotile cement products. Results. The results of studies on the influence of aggressive environment on the components of chrysotile-cement dust, their size characteristics, and structural nano-changes are presented. The studied samples have been examined in a scanning ion-electron microscope at magnifications of 200x, 500x, 5000x, 10000x, and their chemical composition have been analyzed. Discussion. The results of analysis of the obtained experimental data are given. Quantitative composition of fibers and aggregates of fibers in chrysotile cement dust changes after its exposure in acidic medium in comparison with their quantity in initial chrysotile cement dust, and the quantity of separate thin fibers increases, it is explained by the fact that in acidic medium there is not only destruction of cement stone, but also splitting of bundles of chrysotile fibers into micro- and nanofibers. Conclusions. Electron microscopic examination of initial commercial chrysotile fibers and their bundles in cement dust have shown changes in their dimensional and quantitative characteristics, including the products of Portland cement hydration under the influence of the factor of aggressiveness of the environment
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- 2024
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141. Influence of bending on the structural properties of crystallized silicon films on flexible substrates
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Serdobintsev, Aleksey Aleksandrovich, Venig, Sergey Borisovich, Kozlowsky, Alexander V., and Volkovoynova, Larisa D.
- Subjects
flexible electronics ,silicon crystallization ,metal-induced silicon crystallization ,laser-induced silicon crystallization ,infrared laser ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Background and Objectives: Silicon is the main semiconductor material used in many areas of human life. It is used in the creation of solar cells, various electronic devices, sensors etc. Also of particular interest is such an actively developing area as flexible electronics. It finds its application in the electronic devices. Thus, it becomes important to study ways to create polycrystalline films of semiconductor materials such as silicon on flexible substrates. The biggest problem with silicon crystallization on flexible substrates is that these substrates are low-melting, and traditional methods of silicon crystallization have an intense thermal effect on the crystallized material, which leads to destruction of the substrate. Materials and Methods: To create the samples, consecutive magnetron sputtering deposition of a silicon layer and then a tin layer onto a polyimide substrate was used. Silicon was crystallized using an infrared pulsed laser due to high absorption in tin layer. The structure of silicon during its bending deformation was studied using Raman spectroscopy. Results: As a result of the study, the sizes of silicon crystallites after crystallization, as well as the stresses in the films during bending, have been determined.
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- 2024
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142. Non-human peptides revealed in blood reflect the composition of intestinal microbiota
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Georgij P. Arapidi, Anatoly S. Urban, Maria S. Osetrova, Victoria O. Shender, Ivan O. Butenko, Olga N. Bukato, Alexandr A. Kuznetsov, Tatjana M. Saveleva, Grigorii A. Nos, Olga M. Ivanova, Leonid V. Lopukhov, Alexander V. Laikov, Nina I. Sharova, Margarita F. Nikonova, Alexander N. Mitin, Alexander I. Martinov, Tatiana V. Grigorieva, Elena N. Ilina, Vadim T. Ivanov, and Vadim M. Govorun
- Subjects
Blood plasma and serum ,Healthy donors ,Immunomodulatory peptide properties ,Microbiota of the small intestine ,Selective permeability of mucus barriers ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract Background The previously underestimated effects of commensal gut microbiota on the human body are increasingly being investigated using omics. The discovery of active molecules of interaction between the microbiota and the host may be an important step towards elucidating the mechanisms of symbiosis. Results Here, we show that in the bloodstream of healthy people, there are over 900 peptides that are fragments of proteins from microorganisms which naturally inhabit human biotopes, including the intestinal microbiota. Absolute quantitation by multiple reaction monitoring has confirmed the presence of bacterial peptides in the blood plasma and serum in the range of approximately 0.1 nM to 1 μM. The abundance of microbiota peptides reaches its maximum about 5 h after a meal. Most of the peptides correlate with the bacterial composition of the small intestine and are likely obtained by hydrolysis of membrane proteins with trypsin, chymotrypsin and pepsin – the main proteases of the gastrointestinal tract. The peptides have physicochemical properties that likely allow them to selectively pass the intestinal mucosal barrier and resist fibrinolysis. Conclusions The proposed approach to the identification of microbiota peptides in the blood, after additional validation, may be useful for determining the microbiota composition of hard-to-reach intestinal areas and monitoring the permeability of the intestinal mucosal barrier.
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- 2024
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143. Contrasting Magnetic Characteristics of Disordered Nd0.5Ba0.5Mn0.5Fe0.5O3−δ/2 and 112-Type Ordered NdBaMnFeO6−δ Perovskites
- Author
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Aslam Hossain, Artem R. Gilev, Premakumar Yanda, Vladimir A. Cherepanov, Kathiresan Sakthipandi, A. Sundaresan, E. A. Mukhanova, Alexander V. Soldatov, and A. K. M. Atique Ullah
- Subjects
Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Published
- 2024
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144. Exploring the effects of urban network topologies on entropy trajectories of segregation
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Alexander V. Mantzaris, Yuh-Haur Chen, George-Rafael Domenikos, and Lakshminarayan Choudur
- Subjects
Entropy ,Segregation ,Schelling ,Urbanization ,City planning ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Segregation is a threat to the aspirations of producing a cohesive society and modelling its dynamics can be done in order to help design preventative measures. This work explores the question of whether the network topologies of urban spaces can affect the pace at which populations can become segregated. The simulation dynamics employed augment the canonical Schelling model in such a way that it also captures the affinity for agents to prefer denser regions which also offer sufficient local homogeneity. It is shown that different networks synthetically generated and from real city maps can alter the rate of segregation. The results also show that using the entropy trace on the distribution of agent edge degree across all agents correlates with the segregation reinforcing the relevance of physics inspired modeling of social systems. This investigation shows that it is possible to explore and select network arrangements which can be less conducive towards segregation movements during the stages of urban planning so that the rate is reduced. An additional finding is that the entropic measure is closely associated with the common statistic for such modeling efforts.
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- 2024
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145. Telenomus Haliday (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) parasitizing Pentatomidae (Hemiptera) in the Palearctic region
- Author
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Francesco Tortorici, Bianca Orrù, Alexander V. Timokhov, Alexandre Bout, Marie-Claude Bon, Luciana Tavella, and Elijah J. Talamas
- Subjects
Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
In recent years, the collection of eggs of stink bugs (Pentatomidae) has intensified because of the attention given to egg parasitoids in classical biological control strategies against Halyomorpha halys (Stål) in Europe. Several specimens belonging to the genus Telenomus Haliday emerged from field-collected pentatomid eggs. Taxonomic knowledge to date has not been sufficient to enable the research community to identify these specimens to species level. Three species of scelionid wasps (Scelionidae) associated with Pentatomidae, Telenomus gifuensis Ashmead, Telenomus truncatus (Nees von Esenbeck) and Telenomus turesis Walker, have been characterized on a morphological basis. A COI barcode analysis confirmed the genetic distance between the latter two species. An identification key to the three Telenomus species occurring in the Palearctic region associated with stink bugs is provided. Telenomus heydeni Mayr is here considered conspecific with Telenomus truncatus (Nees von Esenbeck).
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- 2024
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146. Partial asynchrony of coniferous forest carbon sources and sinks at the intra-annual time scale
- Author
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Roberto Silvestro, Maurizio Mencuccini, Raúl García-Valdés, Serena Antonucci, Alberto Arzac, Franco Biondi, Valentina Buttò, J. Julio Camarero, Filipe Campelo, Hervé Cochard, Katarina Čufar, Henri E. Cuny, Martin de Luis, Annie Deslauriers, Guillaume Drolet, Marina V. Fonti, Patrick Fonti, Alessio Giovannelli, Jožica Gričar, Andreas Gruber, Vladimír Gryc, Rossella Guerrieri, Aylin Güney, Xiali Guo, Jian-Guo Huang, Tuula Jyske, Jakub Kašpar, Alexander V. Kirdyanov, Tamir Klein, Audrey Lemay, Xiaoxia Li, Eryuan Liang, Anna Lintunen, Feng Liu, Fabio Lombardi, Qianqian Ma, Harri Mäkinen, Rayees A. Malik, Edurne Martinez del Castillo, Jordi Martinez-Vilalta, Stefan Mayr, Hubert Morin, Cristina Nabais, Pekka Nöjd, Walter Oberhuber, José M. Olano, Andrew P. Ouimette, Teemu V. S. Paljakka, Mikko Peltoniemi, Richard L. Peters, Ping Ren, Peter Prislan, Cyrille B. K. Rathgeber, Anna Sala, Antonio Saracino, Luigi Saulino, Piia Schiestl-Aalto, Vladimir V. Shishov, Alexia Stokes, Raman Sukumar, Jean-Daniel Sylvain, Roberto Tognetti, Václav Treml, Josef Urban, Hanuš Vavrčík, Joana Vieira, Georg von Arx, Yan Wang, Bao Yang, Qiao Zeng, Shaokang Zhang, Emanuele Ziaco, and Sergio Rossi
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract As major terrestrial carbon sinks, forests play an important role in mitigating climate change. The relationship between the seasonal uptake of carbon and its allocation to woody biomass remains poorly understood, leaving a significant gap in our capacity to predict carbon sequestration by forests. Here, we compare the intra-annual dynamics of carbon fluxes and wood formation across the Northern hemisphere, from carbon assimilation and the formation of non-structural carbon compounds to their incorporation in woody tissues. We show temporally coupled seasonal peaks of carbon assimilation (GPP) and wood cell differentiation, while the two processes are substantially decoupled during off-peak periods. Peaks of cambial activity occur substantially earlier compared to GPP, suggesting the buffer role of non-structural carbohydrates between the processes of carbon assimilation and allocation to wood. Our findings suggest that high-resolution seasonal data of ecosystem carbon fluxes, wood formation and the associated physiological processes may reduce uncertainties in carbon source-sink relationships at different spatial scales, from stand to ecosystem levels.
- Published
- 2024
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147. Time-reflection of microwaves by a fast optically-controlled time-boundary
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Thomas R. Jones, Alexander V. Kildishev, Mordechai Segev, and Dimitrios Peroulis
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract When an electromagnetic (EM) wave propagates in a medium whose properties are varied abruptly in time, the wave experiences refractions and reflections known as time-refractions and time-reflections, both manifesting spectral translation as a consequence of the abrupt change of the medium and the conservation of momentum. However, while the time-refracted wave continues to propagate with the same wave-vector, the time-reflected wave propagates backward with a conjugate phase despite the lack of any spatial interface. Importantly, while time-refraction is always significant, observing time-reflection poses a major challenge – because it requires a large change in the medium occurring within a single cycle of the EM wave. For that reason, time-reflection of EM waves was observed only recently. Here, we present the observation of microwave pulses at the highest frequency ever observed (0.59 GHz), and the experimental evidence of the phase-conjugation nature of time-reflected waves. Our experiments are carried out in a periodically-loaded microstrip line with optically-controlled picosecond-switchable photodiodes. Our system paves the way to the experimental realization of Photonic Time-Crystals at GHz frequencies.
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- 2024
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148. Insights into polycrystalline microstructure of blood films with 3D Mueller matrix imaging approach
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Alexander G. Ushenko, Anton Sdobnov, Irina V. Soltys, Yuriy A. Ushenko, Alexander V. Dubolazov, Valery M. Sklyarchuk, Alexander V. Olar, Liliya Trifonyuk, Alexander Doronin, Wenjun Yan, Alexander Bykov, and Igor Meglinski
- Subjects
Liquid biopsy ,Polarized light ,3D Mueller matrix ,Blood ,Polycrystalline thin films ,Birefringence ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract This study introduces a novel approach in the realm of liquid biopsies, employing a 3D Mueller-matrix (MM) image reconstruction technique to analyze dehydrated blood smear polycrystalline structures. Our research centers on exploiting the unique optical anisotropy properties of blood proteins, which undergo structural alterations at the quaternary and tertiary levels in the early stages of diseases such as cancer. These alterations manifest as distinct patterns in the polycrystalline microstructure of dried blood droplets, offering a minimally invasive yet highly effective method for early disease detection. We utilized a groundbreaking 3D MM mapping technique, integrated with digital holographic reconstruction, to perform a detailed layer-by-layer analysis of partially depolarizing dry blood smears. This method allows us to extract critical optical anisotropy parameters, enabling the differentiation of blood films from healthy individuals and prostate cancer patients. Our technique uniquely combines polarization-holographic and differential MM methodologies to spatially characterize the 3D polycrystalline structures within blood films. A key advancement in our study is the quantitative evaluation of optical anisotropy maps using statistical moments (first to fourth orders) of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism distributions. This analysis provides a comprehensive characterization of the mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis of these distributions, crucial for identifying significant differences between healthy and cancerous samples. Our findings demonstrate an exceptional accuracy rate of over $$90\%$$ 90 % for the early diagnosis and staging of cancer, surpassing existing screening methods. This high level of precision and the non-invasive nature of our technique mark a significant advancement in the field of liquid biopsies. It holds immense potential for revolutionizing cancer diagnosis, early detection, patient stratification, and monitoring, thereby greatly enhancing patient care and treatment outcomes. In conclusion, our study contributes a pioneering technique to the liquid biopsy domain, aligning with the ongoing quest for non-invasive, reliable, and efficient diagnostic methods. It opens new avenues for cancer diagnosis and monitoring, representing a substantial leap forward in personalized medicine and oncology.
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- 2024
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149. FUNCTIONAL TESTS IN PULMONOLOGY: MEASUREMENT OF PULMONARY VENTILATION FUNCTION
- Author
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Aisanov, Zaurbek R., primary, Cherniak, Alexander V., additional, Perel'man, Juliy M., additional, Kalmanova, Elena N., additional, Chikina, Svetlana Yu., additional, Nekludova, Galina V., additional, Naumenko, Zhanna K., additional, and Prikhodko, Anna G., additional
- Published
- 2024
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150. MECHANICS OF RESPIRATION
- Author
-
Cherniak, Alexander V., primary, Aisanov, Zaurbek R., additional, Kozlov, Valentin I., additional, and Avdeev, Sergey N., additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
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